Learn about the chemistry topics, A to Z<title> </head> <body> School Science Lessons<br> <a href="../topics/topicIndex1.html#topicIndex1H">Chemistry</a><br> 2025-10-23<br> <a name="UNChemTableH">Chemistry</a><br> <a href="../websites.html#ChemistryH">Websites</a>, Chemistry<br> Contents<br> <a href="../topics/topicIndexAaAc.html#ChemistryAatoAcH">AaAc.</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexAd-Az.html#ChemistryAdtoAzH">AdAz</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexB.html#ChemistryBH">B.</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexCaCh.html#ChemistryCatoCH">Ca to Ch</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexCiCy.html#ChemistryCitoCyH">Ci to Cy</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexD.html#ChemistryDH">D</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexE.html#ChemistryEH">E</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexF.html#ChemistryFH">F</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexG.html#ChemistryGH">G</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexH.html#ChemistryH">H</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexIJK.html#ChemistryIJKH">IJK</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexL.html#ChemistryLH">L</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexM.html#ChemistryMH">M</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexN.html#ChemistryNH">N</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexO.html#ChemistryOH">O</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexP.html#ChemistryPH">P</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexQR.html#QXXH">Q</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexQR.html#RXXH">R</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexS.html#ChemistrySH">S</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexT.html#ChemistryTH">T</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexUVW.html#UXXH">U</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexUVW.html#VXXH">V</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexUVW.html#WXXH">W</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexXYZ.html#XXXH">X</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexXYZ.html#XXYH">Y</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexXYZ.html#XXZH">Z</a><br> <br> <hr width="100%" size="2H"><a name="9.0H"></a> Prefixes and suffixes, chemistry<br> Alkane, R-CH3 Prefix: methyl-, Suffix: -ane (paraffins, saturated hydrocarbons)<br> Alkanes: methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane<br> Alkene R1R2C=CR3R4 (double CC bond =), Prefix: alkenyl-, Suffix: -ene, (no principal functional group) (olefins),<br> CnH2n, e.g. ethylene, ethene C2H4<br> Alkyne R1-C=_CR2 (triple CC bond =_), Prefix: alkynl-, Suffix: -yne (no principal functional group) (acetylenes)<br> Alkyl, R-, e.g. methyl, ethyl<br> Amyl group: C5H11, only as suffix<br> -ate suffix<br> Azide X-N3, Prefix: azido-<br> Azo (group) N=N<br> Azo compounds RN=N-R', where R = alkyl group, e.g. methyl, ethyl, andR'= aryl, e.g. phenyl C6H5-<br> Azo nitrile RC=N cyano-<br> Azo pyridyl RC5H4N-<br> Benzyl group RCH2C6H5-<br> Bromide, X-Br, Prefix: bromo-<br> Butane, C4H10, butyl C4H9-, Stem name: but-<br> -C=O: ketone, organic compound containing the group, only as suffix<br> Carbonyl group (C=O)<br> Chloride X-Cl, Prefix: chloro-<br> cis: on same side<br> Ethane, C2H6, ethyl C2H5-, Stem name: eth-<br> "flowers" of a metal: oxide of the metal<br> Fluoride X-F, Prefix: fluoro-<br> Glyco-: Sugar attached<br> Heptane, C7H16, heptyl C7H15, Stem name: hept-<br> Hexane, C6H14, hexyl C6H13, Stem name: hex-<br> -ide suffix<br> imide. amide group: CONH2, only as suffix<br> imine primary RC(=NH) imino-, -imine<br> imine secondary RCH=NR imino-, -imine<br> -ine: 1. organic base, 2. amino acid, 3. halogen element, only as suffix<br> iodide X-I, Prefix: iodo-<br> isocyanate RNCS<br> -ite suffix<br> -ium: Suffix: metals or groups with metal-like properties, e.g. ammonium, only as suffix<br> -lysis: Breaking down, decomposition, only as suffix<br> Methane, CH4, methyl CH3-, Stem name: meth-<br> muriate of a metal: chloride of the metal<br> NH: imine, a compound of =NH is an imino, only as suffix<br> -NH2: amine group, a compound of -NH2 is amino, amide, only as suffix<br> Nitrile X-CN, Prefix: cyano-, Suffix: -nitrile<br> Nitroso X-NO, Prefix: nitroso-<br> Nitro X-NO2, Prefix: nitro-<br> Octane, C8H18, octyl C8H17, Stem name: oct-<br> Ortho-: Regular form.<br> Para-: Alongside, beyond, near, contrary to<br> Pentane, C5H12, pentyl C5H11-, Stem name: pent-<br> Phenol: organic compounds with functional group -OH, but attached to aromatic ring<br> Phenol X-C6H4-OH, Prefix: hydroxy, Suffix: -ol<br> Phenyl group RC6H5<br> Primary amine: RNH2 amino-, -amine amines<br> Propane, C3H8, propyl C3H7-, Stem name: prop-<br> Secondary amine: RNHR, amino-, -amine amines<br> Sulfide X-SR, Prefix: R-thio-<br> Sulfonic acid X-SO2-OH, Prefix: sulfo-, Suffix: -sulfonic acid<br> Tertiary amine: RNRR, amino-, -amine<br> Thio-: A prefix used when one atom is replaced by a sulfur atom<br> Thiol sulfhydryl group RSH, only as prefixes<br> Thiol X-SH, Prefix: mercapto, Suffix: -thiol<br> trans: on opposite sides<br> trans fatty acid: fatty acid formed as a result of hydrogenation<br> <hr width="100%" size="2H"><a name="1.0H"></a>Table 1.0 Abbreviations, chemistry<br> <table border="1" width="60%"> <tbody> <tr> <td>alc.</td> <td>alcohol</td> <td>L<br> </td> <td>litre<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>alk.</td> <td>alkali</td> <td>M<br> </td> <td>molar conc. e.g. 2 M (2 molar)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>aq.</td> <td>water</td> <td>MP</td> <td>melting point</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bp<br> </td> <td>boiling point</td> <td>max.</td> <td>maximum</td> </tr> <tr> <td>cryst.</td> <td>crystals</td> <td>min.</td> <td>minimum</td> </tr> <tr> <td>decomp.</td> <td>decomposes</td> <td>mL</td> <td>millilitre</td> </tr> <tr> <td>del.</td> <td>deliquescent</td> <td>mm</td> <td>millimetre (10 -3 m)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dil.</td> <td>dilute</td> <td>non-vol.</td> <td>non-volatile</td> </tr> <tr> <td>F P<br> </td> <td>freezing point</td> <td>org.</td> <td>organic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>g / mL</td> <td>r.d.</td> <td>ox.</td> <td>oxidized</td> </tr> <tr> <td>g</td> <td>gram</td> <td>polyp.</td> <td>polypropylene</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ign.</td> <td>ignition</td> <td>ppt.</td> <td>precipitate</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ind.</td> <td>indicator</td> <td>PVC</td> <td>polyvinyl chloride</td> </tr> <tr> <td>inorg.</td> <td>inorganic</td> <td>soln.</td> <td>solution</td> </tr> <tr> <td>insol.</td> <td>insoluble</td> <td>W / V</td> <td>weight to volume ratio</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kg.</td> <td>kilogram</td> <td>W / W</td> <td>weight to weight ratio</td> </tr> </tbody> </table><br> <a name="ChemistryfilesH">Chemistry files</a><br> <a href="../chemistry/UNChemAcidBase.html#AcidbaseHeadingH">Acid-base indicators<br> <a href="../appendices/appendixA.html#AppendixAH">Appendix A</a> Alkaloids<br> <a href="../appendices/appendixB.html#AppendixBH">Appendix B</a> Chemicals, Biology preparations<br> <a href="../appendices/appendixC.html#AppendixCH">Appendix C</a> Chemicals, Lists of chemicals<br> <a href="../appendices/appendixD.html#AppendixDH">Appendix D</a> Polymers and plastics<br> <a href="../appendices/appendixE.html#AppendixEH">Appendix E</a> Chemicals, Low-cost chemicals and common substances<br> <a href="../appendices/appendixF.html#AppendixFH">Appendix F</a> Alkaloids by name, Aconine to Hypaconitine<br> <a href="../appendices/appendixG.html#AppendixGH">Appendix G</a> Phytochemicals<br> <a href="../appendices/appendixH.html#AppendicHH">Appendix H</a> Alkaloids by name, Ibogaine to Yunaconitine<br> | <a href="../chemistry/UNChem1.html#UNChem1H">UNChem1</a> | <a href="../chemistry/UNChem1a.html#UNChem1aH">UNChem1a</a> | <a href="../chemistry/UNChem1b.html#UNChem1bH">UNChem1b</a> | <a href="../chemistry/UNChem2a.html#UNChem2aH">UNChem2a</a> | <a href="../chemistry/UNChem2b.html#UNChem2bH">UNChem2b</a> | <a href="#UNChemTableH">UNChemTable</a><br> <a href="#9.0H"> Prefixes and suffixes</a>, Chemistry<br> <a href="../chemistry/UNChemPrepare.html#PrepareYH">Prepare</a><br> <a href="../topics/topic07.html#PedriodictableH">Periodic table</a><br> <a href="../topics/topicIndexQR.html#ReactionsofH"> Reactions of</a><br> <a href="../topics/topic07.html#Table2H">Table of the elements</a><br> <a href="../chemistry/UNChemTests.html#INDEXH">Tests</a><br> Topics<br> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexAaAc.html#ChemistryAatoAcH">topics AaAc.</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexAd-Az.html#ChemistryAdtoAzH">topics Ad-Az</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexB.html#ChemistryBH">topics B.</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexCaCh.html#ChemistryCatoCH">topics Ca to Ch</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexCiCy.html#ChemistryCitoCyH">topics Ci to Cy</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexD.html#ChemistryDH">topics D</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexE.html#ChemistryEH">topics E</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexF.html#ChemistryFH">topics F</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexG.html#ChemistryGH">topics G</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexH.html#ChemistryH">topics H</a><br> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexIJK.html#ChemistryIJKH">topics IJK</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexL.html#ChemistryLH">topics L</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexM.html#ChemistryMH">topics M</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexN.html#ChemistryNH">N</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexO.html#ChemistryOH">topics O</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexP.html#ChemistryPH">topics P</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexQR.html#QXXH">topics Q</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexQR.html#RXXH">topics R</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexS.html#ChemistrySH">topics S</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexT.html#ChemistryTH">topics T</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexUVW.html#UXXH">topics U</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexUVW.html#VXXH">topics V</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexUVW.html#WXXH">topicsW</a> | <a href="../topics/topicIndexXYZ.html#XXXH">topics XYZ</a> |<br> | <a href="../topics/topic01.html#1.0H">topic01<a> | <a href="../topics/topic03.html#3.0H">topic03<a> | <a href="../topics/topic03a.html#3a.0H">topic03a<a> | <a href="../topics/topic04.html#4.0H">topic04<a> | <a href="../topics/topic05.html#5.0H">topic05<a> | <a href="../topics/topic06.html#6.0H">topic06<a> | <a href="../topics/topic06a.html#6a.0H">topic06a<a> | <a href="../topics/topic03a.html#3a.0H">topic03a<a> | <a href="../topics/topic07.html#7.0H">topic07<a> | <a href="../topics/topic07a.html#7a.0H">topic07a<a> | <a href="../topics/topic07b.html#7b.0H">topic07b<a> |<br> <a href="../topics/topic08.html#8.0H">topic08<a> | <a href="../topics/topic09.html#9.0H">topic09<a> | <a href="../topics/topic10.html#10.0H">topic10<a> | <a href="../topics/topic11.html#11.0H">topic11<a> | <a href="../topics/topic12.html#12.0H">topic12<a> | <a href="../topics/topic12A.html#12A.0H">topic12A<a> |<a href="../topics/topic12B.html#12B.0H">topic12B<a> | <a href="../topics/topic12C.html#12C.0H">topic12C<a> | <a href="../topics/topic12D.html#12D.0H">topic12D<a> | <a href="../topics/topic12E.html#topic12EH">topic12E<a> | <a href="../topics/topic12F.html#12F.0H">topic12F<a> |<br> <a href="../topics/topic13.html#13.0H">topic13<a> | <a href="../topics/topic14.html#14.0H">topic14<a> | <a href="../topics/topic15.html#15.0H">topic15<a> | <a href="../topics/topic15a.html#15a.0H">topic15a<a> | <a href="../topics/topic16.html#16.0H">topic16<a> | <a href="../topics/topic16a.html#16a.0H">topic16a<a> | <a href="../topics/topic16b.html#16b.0H">topic16b<a> | <a href="../topics/topic16c.html#16c.0H">topic16c<a> | <a href="../topics/topic16d.html#16d.0H">topic16d<a> | <a href="../topics/topic16e.html#16e.0H">topic16e<a> | <a href="../topics/topic16f.html#16f.0H">topic16f<a> |<br> <a href="../topics/topic17.html#17.0H">topic17<a> | <a href="../topics/topic18.html#18.0H">topic18<a> | <a href="../topics/topic18a.html#18a.0H">topic18a<a> | <a href="../topics/topic19.html#19.0H">topic19<a> | <a href="../topics/topic19a.html#19a.0H">topic19a<a> | <a href="../topics/topic19b.html#19b.0H">topic19b<a><br> <hr width="100%" size="2H"> </body> </html>