School Science Lessons
(UNBiolN3PP)
2024-12-11
Genus names, PP, (Picrasma to Pyrus)
Please send comments to: j.elfick@uq.edu.au
Contents
Picea species, Pinaceae.
Jamaican quassia, (Picrasma excelsa), hill pastures and tropical forests, quassia chips from white bark contains | Quassin (Nigakilactone D) C22H28O6 | an astringent resin and insecticide, South America, Caribbean region, Simaroubaceae
Picrasma excelsa, Quassia Chips, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Wanga palm, (Pigafetta filaris), The Pigafetta Palm, The "most graceful palm", Banga, Malaysia, Celebes, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
(This plant named after Antonio Pigafetta, 1491- 1531, who joined Ferdinand Magellan, took part in the first journey around the world and completed an accurate journal of the voyage.)
Pigafetta filaris, Palmpedia
Pigafetta filaris, Tropical
Friendship plant, (Pilea involucrata), oval, slightly-fleshy leaves, (houseplant), Urticaceae
Artillery plant, (Pilea microphylla), small, pale green leaves, much-branched stem, (houseplant), Urticaceae
Small-leaved plum myrtle, (Pilidiostigma rhytispermum), up to 5 m, white perfumed flowers, edible black fruit. Australia, Myrtaceae
Pilidiostigma rhytispermum, Daleys Fruit Trees
Jaborandi, (Pilocarpus jaborandi), sup to 5 m, small, green leaves, source of alkaloid | Pilocarpine, C11H16N2O2), folk medicine, used to treat glaucome, fever, toxification, in hair care products, Amazon rainforest, South America, herbal medicine, Rutaceae.
Allspice, (Pimenta dioica), Myrtaceae, Jamaican pepper, pimenta, perennial, attractive hardy tree, dense foliage, bush or more than 3 metres, tree or trim to bush size, young plants need shade and water, need male and female plants for pollination, small flowers, flowers contain both types of reproductive organs, but in some trees. "female flowers" have infertile pollen and "male flowers" have sterile eggs, hard woody red-brown berries, the spice is the brown dried unripe fruit, the "berry", aroma and flavour combination of nutmeg, cinnamon and cloves, culinary uses, essential oil from distilled leaves to make tea, leaves and seeds in pickling pie meat and vegetables, apple pie, cakes, biscuits, essential oil has high concentration of, Eugenol,
Caryophyllene, Cineole, herbal medicine, arthritis, muscular disorders, supposed aphrodisiac, but may irritate mucous membranes, ancient Mayas used it for embalming, male or female plants as ornamental, Central America, Jamaica, Myrtaceae
Dried herb is sold as berries.
See diagram Allspice.
Pimenta dioica, Allspice, Daleys Fruit Trees
Bay rum tree, (Pimenta racemosa), West Indian bay tree, up to 12 m, white flowers, oval fruits, essential oil from distilled leaves with distilled rum used to make bay rum | Lusitanicoside | essential oil contains: | Chavicol | Eugenol | Methyl eugenol | Citral, |
Myrcene | Phellandrene | concentrated oil is toxic, invasive, West Indies, Myrtaceae
See diagram Bay rum tree.
Anise, (Pimpinella anisum), aniseed, sweet cumin, black caraway, great burnet saxifrage, culinary uses, used for food flavour, fresh leaves in salads, steamed vegetables, shellfish, aniseed in biscuits and apple pie, used in Greek cuisine for meat and tomato sauce, many health benefits recorded for essential oil, herbal medicine, sedative, antirheumatic, antiseptic, sleeplessness, (in the Bible, "anise" is probably Dill), used to make arak, ouzo and Pedrnod | Anise oil, from steam distillation of dried fruits, high content of phenolic compounds | Anethole, (trans-anethole) 75% to 90%) | Anisaldehyde | Hydroquinone
| Estragole, (methyl chavicol 1% to 2%) |
Methoxyphenylacetone | beta-Caryophyllene | Anisic acid | Limonene | Alpha-pinene | Acetaldehyde | Cresol | Myristicin | central Asia, Apiaceae
Anise, Pimpinella anisum, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Solid-stemmed burnet-saxifrage, (Pimpinella saxafraga), burnet saxifrage, traditional medicine,
| Isopimpinellin | Europe, Apiaceae
Fevertree, (Pinckneya pubens), bitter inner bark used to treat fevers, small tree, white or rose sepals become petal-like similar to poinsettias, North America, Rubiaceae.
Large-flowered butterwort, (Pinguicula grandiflora), bog plant, broad, flat, ground-hugging, spatula-shaped leaves, Lentibulariaceae.
Mexican butterwort, (Pinguicula moranensis), insectivorous, widely grown to study a carnivorous plant, Mexico, Lentibulariaceae
Pinophyta, Conifers
Spiked pepper, (Piper aduncum), matico, pioneers species on bare ground, | Dihydroxy-methoxydihydrochalcone | Dillapiole | Dimethyl-8-prenylchromene 6-carbolic acid
| Piperine | ornamental, invasive, West Indies, tropical America, Piperaceae
Matico, (Piper angustifolium), evergreen shrub, up to 3 m | Apiol | Asarone | popular folk medicine, harvested from wild and cultivated, Piperaceae
Lan yu feng teng, (Piper arborescens) | Demethoxypiplatine | Philippines, Piperaceae
Mexican pepperleaf, (Piper auritum), hoja santa, yerba santa, root beer plant, large heart-shaped leaves with velvet hairs, Mexican cuisine, tamales, soups, tea, wrap foods when cooked, complex taste | Safrole | Mexico, Piperaceae
Betel pepper, (Piper betel), perennial, warm climate, leaves and berries masticatory, | Estragole
| Eugenol | Lusitanicoside | herbal medicine, Melanesia, Piperaceae
(Paan = Betel leaf + nut of Areca catechu)
Tailed peppe, (Piper cubeba), cubeb pepper, Java pepper, culinary uses, dried fruit with stalks attached so "tailed", hard white oily seed, | Cubebene | Cubebin | Dipentene C10H16 | essential oil
| Cineole | Sabinene
| Terpineol | gin flavouring, grown mainly in Indonesia, Piperaceae
Japanese pepper, (Piper futokadsura), pepper stem | Futoquinol | Kadsurenone | Kadsurin A | Piperaceae
Ashanti pepper, (Piper guineense), Benin pepper | Dihydrocubebin | Trichostachine | West Africa, Piperaceae
Australian pepper vine, (Piper hederaceum), native pepper vine, giant pepper vine, climbing pepper, rainforest vine, zig zag branchlets, young plants have broad heart-shaped leaves and stems, smooth dark leaves creamy inconspicuous flowers, ovoid fruit forming red cylinder cluster matured, herbal medicine, stimulant tonic, Australian native food, Piperaceae
Long pepper, (Piper longum), Indian long pepper | Phenethyl alcohol | Piplartine | Sesamin | Caryophyllene | India, Piperaceae
Wild pepper, (Piper lolot), lolot pepper, vegetable pepper, wild betel, wild leaf pepper, pointed pepper, betel leaves,
garden herb, perennial, fast-growing, 60 cm to 1m, hardy understory plant, large glossy leaves form dense cover, shallow roots, shades out weeds, heart-shaped leaves used to wrap grilling meat, digestive stimulant, carminative, antibacterial, tea to relieve pain in old people, culinary uses, leaf mild pungent flavour, used raw, cooked, as beef wraps, leaves on flat dishes topped with san choy bao, in meat dishes, picked green as condiment, ripe seeds embedded in a soft pulp are tasty morsels, aromatic and tasty, eaten raw or cooked, used as food wraps, leaves used as a food, fruit used as a herbal tonic to remedy asthma, and coughs, India, Thailand, Piperaceae
Kava, (Piper methysticum), kava kava, Piperaceae, pepper family
| Dihydrokarvain | Dihydromethysticin | Karwain | Methysticin | Yangonin | drink prepared from roots for sedative and euphoriant, Melanesia, Piperaceae
| Hentriacontan-16-one
| Phellandrene
| Piperine | Trichostachine | Piperaceae
Black pepper, (Piper nigrum), "pepper", commercial pepper, table pepper, (Greek peperi, pepper), woody perennial climber,
herbal medicine, dried drupe called a peppercorn is ground to form "pepper", culinary uses, savoury dishes, "black pepper" is unripe fruit dried and cooked, "green pepper" is unripe fruit fried, "white pepper" is ripe fruit seeds, the active constituent is | Piperine, C17H19NO3 | (E160c Paprika extract)
| Caryophyllene | Limonene
| Pinene | Sabinene | herbal medicine, India, Piperaceae
Dried herb sold as peppercorns black whole, peppercorns black cracked, and peppercorns black powder.
Dried herb sold as peppercorns white whole, peppercorns white seed powder.
Black Pepper, Daleys Fruit Trees
Picaridin, C12H23NO3, Icaridin, a carboxylic acid, a piperidine, hydroxy-ethyl isobutyl piperidine carboxylate, cyclic amine, a piperidine component of piperine
used as a topically-applied insect repellent, less irritating than[Diethyltoluamide], another common insect repellant, safe for long-term use in adults.
Giant pepper vine, (Piper novae-hollandae) | Dillapiole | Piperaceae
Mountain long pepper, (Piper sylvaticum) | Piplartine | India, Bangladesh, China, Piperaceae
Pimenta darta (Brazil), (Piper tuburculatum) | Demethoxypiplartine | extracts used to kill Schistosoma mansoni, accumulates peptides as a defence mechanism, widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, South America, Piperaceae
Native mulberry, (Pipturus argenteus), height 1 - 5 m, width 2 m, false stinger, white mulberry, white nettle, dioecious, small white edible fruits with seeds held on the outside like strawberries, used for rainforest restoration, Australian native food, Pacific Islands, Urticaceae
Pipturus argenteus, Daleys Fruit Trees
Pipturus argenteus, Tucker Bush
Jamaican dogwood, (Piscidia piscipula), Florida fish poison tree, fish fuddle, herbal medicine, West Indies, Fabaceae
Bird lime tree, (Pisonia umbellifera), bird catcher tree, catch bird tree, Australia, Nyctaginaceae
Mt. Atlas mastic tree, (Pistacia atlantica), Cyprus turpentine tree, Persian turpentine tree, slow-growing and long-living deciduous tree, edible resin and oils from the fruit used in traditional medicine, perfumes and for manufacturing alcohol, street ornamental, reforestation, timber, rootstock for Pistacia vera, Iran to North Africa, Anacardiaceae
Chinese pistache, (Pistacia chinensis), green almond, mastic tree, balm, ornamental tree, Anacardiaceae.
Mastic gum tree, (Pistacia lenticus, var. Chia), mastic, mastix, lentisk, for gum mastic, mastic resin, Chios Island, Anacardiaceae
Terpentine tree, (Pistacia palaestina), terebinth tree, turpentine oil, Mediterranean region, Anacardiaceae
Terebinth tree, (Pistacia terebinthus), terpentine tree, Chian turpentine oil, Mediterranean region, Anacardiaceae
Pistachio tree, (Pistacia vera), small tress, edible seeds, roasted seed with hard shell, grown in dry lands, Central Asia, Anacardiaceae.
Nile cabbage, (Pistia stratiote), water cabbage, tropical duckwed, water lettuce, free-floating tropical weed, causes dense river infestations, herbal medicine,
banned from sale in Australia, Asia. Africa, equatorial America, Araceae
Field pea, (Pisum sativum, var. arvense), partridge pea, pulse used for dal and green manure, vegetable, prostrate or climbing annual herb, glabrous stems to 2 m long, leaves with mostly 6 leaflets, solitary flowers or up to 3 in axillary racemes, white to pink or purple corolla, pod up to 12 cm long, 4–10, seeds often cultivated, Fabaceae
Garden pea, (Pisum sativum, var. hortense), pea,, table pea, Austrian winter pea, leaf-like stipules, leaves modified to tendrils, Fabaceae.
Snow Peas (Pisum sativum var. saccharatum): Snow peas are typically ready for harvest in about 60 to 70 days after planting, Fabaceae.
Snap Peas (Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon): Snap peas are also ready for harvest in approximately 60 to 70 days after planting, Fabaceae.
Shelling Peas (Pisum sativum var. sativum): Shelling peas may take a bit longer to mature, usually around 70 to 80 days from planting to harvest, Fabaceae.
9.2.0 Latin names, Pisum sativum, garden pea
4.3.16 Food preservation of peas, Experiment
5.4a Peas, Agriculture
Rain tree, (Pithecolobrium genisaro), guango, genisaro, ("rain" caused by ejection of fluid by cicadas), Fabaceae
Gumbi gumbi, (Pittosporum angustifolium), native apricot, berrigan, weeping pittosporum, butterbush, cattle bush, apricot tree, meemeei, poison berry bush, berrigan, folk medicine, small leaves used for tea, erect form shrub, up to 8 m, drought resistant, deep roots, usually blackbutt, folk medicine, used to treat of skin irritations induce milk flow in new mothers, chewable gum, Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum angustifolium, Gumbi gumbi, Pittosporaceae
Rough-fruited pittosporum, (Pittosporum revolutum), yellow pittosporum, busy evergreen, glossy leaves, popular garden plant, Pittosporaceae
Tawhiwhi, (Pittosporum tenuifolium) kohuhu, karo, tarata, white bolly, garden hedge, New Zealand, Pittosporaceae
Native foxglove, (Pityrodia terminalis), perennial shrub, up to 1 m, white to purple flowers, garden plant, Australia, Lamiaceae
Black apple, (Planchonella australis), up to 25 m, shiny dark green leaves, small white flowers, black globose fruits eaten raw, wood used for high quality cabinet making, Australia, Sapotaceae
Planchonella australis Black Apple, Daleys Fruit Trees
Shiny-leaved condoo, (Planchonella beerwah), rare species, up to 10 m, scaly bark on trunk, oval dark fruit, Australia, Sapotaceae
Thin-leaved plum, (Planchonella chartacea), general purpose timber, Australia, Sapotaceae
Eerwah plum, (Planchonella eerwah), shiny-leaf coondoo, Australia, Sapotaceae
Northern yellow-boxwood, (Planchonella obovata), chelangel, medium tree, evergreen, slow growing, fruit medium, ovate, sweet yellow pulp, similar to canistel, used fresh, propagation from seeds, South America, Sapotaceae.
Northern yellow-boxwood, (Planchonella obovoidea), chelangel, medium tree, evergreen, slow growing, fruit medium, ovate, sweet yellow pulp, similar to canistel, used fresh, propagation from seeds, South America, Sapotaceae
Yellow boxwood, (Planchonella pohlmaniana), engraver's wood, black apple, bushy tree, up to 12 m, glossy leaves, yellow timber, small hairy cream flowers, small black fruit, subtropical plant, Australia, Sapotaceae
Sand plantain, (Plantago arenaria), French psillium, dark psillium, branched plantain, dietary fibre, | Arenaine | herbal medicine, used as a bulk-forming laxative, India, Plantaginaceae
Dried herb sold as psyllium seed husks.
| Catapol | Planteose | Plantaginaceae
Plantago species, seeds used for producing mucilage
Che Qian Zi, (Plantago asiatica) | Helicoside | Plantaginaceae
Erba Stella, (Plantago coronopus), buck's horn plantain, perennial with persistent taproot, basal leaves, compact cylindrical spike, compressed flowers, inner sepals winged on the keel, ovate corolla lobes and capsule, widespread growth in disturbed sites and maritime environments, environmental weed in Australia, USA, Plantaginaceae
Erba Stella, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Plantago coronopus, Herbguide
Plantain, (Plantago lanceolata), common plantain, English plantain, ribwort plantain, narrowleaf plantain, buck thorn, lamb's tongue, ribwort plantago, perennial, up to 0.6 m, weed in cultivated land | Aucubin | herbal medicine, used as herbal tea, respiratory tract problems, skin infections, insect bites, bee stings, good poulticing herb, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, contains phenylethanoids and iridoid glycosides, Europe, Plantaginaceae
See diagram Plantago
Broad-leaved plantain, (Plantago major), common plantain, narrowleaf plantain, greater plantain, widely distributed, seed pods used by children to make "guns" also seed pods in Metamucil "natural fibre commercial product and high in mucilage | Plantamajoside | herbal medicine, used for wound healing and as a poultice, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, astringent, diarrhoea, weakly antibiotic, wounds, insect bites, haemorrhoids, culinary uses, young leaves eaten raw, potherb, as tincture, weed, Plantaginaceae
Red Plantain, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Plantago major 'Rubifolia'), Plantaginaceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Psyllium, (Plantago ovata), ispaghula, blond plantain, desert Indian wheat, husks seeds used as dietary fibre, mixture of polysaccharides: pentoses, hexoses, and uronic acids, seed and husk preparations contain 47 - 70% soluble fibre and 85% total fibre by weight, the highest level of soluble dietary fibre of any grain source, hydrophilic, because high content of hemicelluloses, resistant to fermentation
| Arabinose and Xylose | sugars "digestible," herbal medicine, take with at least 250 ml water, but do not if have bowel obstruction, southwestern United States, Plantaginaceae
Other Plantago species may be used to produce psyllium, e.g. Planto syllium.
Evergreen plantain, (Plantago sempervirens) | Boschniakine | Plantaginaceae
American sycamore, (Platanus occidentalis), mottled exfoliating bark, very large tree, North America, Plantaginaceae
Oriental plane tree, (Platanus orientalis), X (Platanus occidentalis), (American "sycamore"), Platanaceae
London plane tree, (Platanus X hispanica), natural hybrid, up to 44 m, Platanaceae
Platanaceae, plane tree family
Platycladus orientalis Chinese thuja, Cupressaceae.
Youlk, (Platysace deflexa), Ravensthorpe radish, up to 50 cm, edible tubers, Australian native food, Australia, Apiaceae
Platysace deflexa, Tucker Bush
Mother of herbs, (Plectranthus amboinicus), five seasons herb, French thyme, Spanish thyme, Indian borage, Mexican mint, Mexican oregano, country borage, "Cuban oregano", three-in-one-herb, thick leaf thyme, up to 40 cm, ground sprawler, succulent round aromatic leaves for meat flavouring like oregano, fleshy perennial, up to 50 cm, hardy plant, very attractive white / green leaves, lavender flowers, culinary uses, seasoning, bedtime tea, aromatic leaves with meat and vegetables, chopped and toasted on bread with butter, used chopped finely for soup, herbal medicine, antiseptic leaves are chewed for sore throat, grown from cuttings, plant has strong odour and taste like oregano, rub on skin to deter mosquito bite, Camphor, frilly-edged thick leaves, Carvacrol, herbal medicine, Southern and Eastern Africa, Jamaica, Samoa, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as root particles or root powder.
Mother of Herbs, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Plectranthus species, Lamiaceae
Forskohlii, (Plectranthus barbatus), Forskolin, herbal medicine, anti-hypertensive, Lamiaceae
Forskohlii, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Scary cat plant, (Plectranthus caninus), cat scat plant, reputed cat repellent, perennial, hardy plant, 40 cm, aromatic leaves, roots easily from cuttings or from just touching the ground, leaves and flowers sticky to the touch, mild odour like marijuana, East Africa and Southeast Asia, Lamiaceae
Candle plant, (Plectranthus coleoides), low-growing creeper, green, scalloped leaves, (houseplant), Lamiaceae
Kaffir potato, (Plectranthus esculentus), Livingstone potato, dazo, hause potato, perennial, up to 2 m, branches form ground tubers "potatoes", nutritious, easy to grow, herbal medicine, treat digestive problems, Africa, Lamiaceae
Forest spurflower, (Plectranthus fruticosus), up to 2 m, erect evergreen shrub, light green, oval to heart-shaped hairy leaves, spike of blue-mauve flowers, (houseplant), Mozambique, Lamiaceae
(Latin fruticosus "shrubby")
Burdekin plum, (Pleiogynium timorense), tulip plum, spreading tree, up to 30 m, trunk often irregular in cross-section, glossy dark green pinnate leaves, rough dark bark, yellow-green flowers, small plum-coloured edible fruit 3 to 4 cm broad, like flattened plums, acid flesh around the large ribbed of reasonable flavour only if completely ripe, thin subacid pulp, large irregular seed, deciduous, propagation from seeds, deep purple fleshy plum-like fruits, must be ripened in dark place or buried in the ground, to soften and increase palatability, fruit eaten raw, or used in wines, jams and jellies, very hardy plant, can cope with long dry periods if in free-draining soil, Australian native food, wood used for decorative objects and handles, Anacardiaceae
See diagram Burdekin plum, Daleys Fruit Trees
Pleiogynium timoriense, Daleys Fruit Trees
Pleiogynium timoriense, Tucker Bush
Cape plumbago, (Plumbago auriculata), Cape leadwort, blue flowers, garden hedge, popular garden plant, South Africa, the leadwort family, Plumbaginaceae
Indian leadwort, (Plumbago indica), to 2 m, scarlet flowers, ornamental, Southeast Asia, Plumbaginaceae
Native plumbago, (Plumbago zeylanica), chitrack, source of yellow dye | plumbagin C11H8O3 | traditional Indian medicine, Australia, Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae, leadwort family.
Frangipani, (Plumeria acuminate), plumeria, temple tree, many cultivars, succulent, popular garden ornamental, bare blunt branches rich in white latex | Plumericin terpene lactone C15H14O6 in bark causes diarrhoea), large simple leaves, bunches of white flowers, Central America, Apocynaceae
Winter grass, (Poa annua), low growing turf grass, soft, drooping green leaves grown in tufts, triangular-shaped seed heads.
Poa annua, Grasses of Australia
Silver tussock grass, (Poa cita, formerly Poa caespitosa), wī Māori blue grass, up to 1.0, hangs down up to 2 metres on steep banksm very fine narrow leaves, New Zealand, Poaceae
Common tussock-grass, (Poa labillardieri), low maintenance native grass, used along fence lines and in roadside plantings beneath trees including Eucalypts.
Poa labillardieri, Poa grass, Southern Harvest
Kentucky blue grass, (Poa pratensis), meadow poa, meadow grass, common poa, poa grass, perennial, grows in most well-drained soils at from 10°C to 18°C but not clay soils, slow to germinate and grow, blue green "V" shape leaves and youngest on the stem is folded, not invasive, in Australia used on sports grounds and outdoor playgrounds, Europe, northern Asia, Algeria and Morocco. (not Kentucky, USA!), Poaceae
Queensland poa grass, (Poa queenslandica), Poaceae
Poa queenslandica, NSW Government
Poaceae, grass family
Patchouli, (Pogostemon cablin), true patchouli, perennial, up to 1 metre, delightful aromatic, bath bags, perfumery, moth repellent, companion plant, culinary uses, use a leaf to flavour a green salad, in essential oil, Patchouli oil perfume fixative, odour to carpets, may be infected by soil-borne root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), Barbados, India, China, Lamiaceae
Patchouli, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as leaf.
Java patchouli, (Pogostemon heyneanus), intensely coloured flowers, herbal remedy, anti-depressant, insect repellent, perfume industry, Lamiaceae
Java Patchouli, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Jacob's ladder, (Polemonium caeruleum), Greek valerian, deciduous clump forming perennial, up to 60 cm, foliage resembling a ladder, fragrant blue or white bell-shaped flowers, Europe, Polemoniaceae
Mexican origano, (Poliomintha longiflora), high total phenolic content, 1751 mg of gallic acid / g fresh weight, Asteraceae.
This genus plants called rosemary-mints.
Indian mast tree, (Polyalthia longifolia), false ashoka, up to 20 m, evergreen tree, small green flowers, red fruit, downward sloping branches, straight trunk for sailing ships' masts, planted for screening or noise reduction, useful in subtropical to tropical areas, planted in avenues, Pakistan, India, Annonaceae
Polyalthia longifolia, Indian Mast tree, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Canary beech, (Polyalthia nitidissima, Huberantha nitidissima) shiny leaf tree, up to 18 m, understory tree, dark bark, very dark green leaves, orange-red fruit, Australia, Annonaceae
Tuberose, (Polyanthes tuberosa), Asparagaceae
Smooth Solomon's seal, (Polygonatum biflorum), drooping white-green flowers, seal-like scars between sections of rhizome, herbal medicine, potato-like food,
Asparagaceae
See diagram: Polygonatum biflorum.
Solomon's seal, (Polygonatum multiflorum) | azetine-2-carboxylic acid | Diaminobutyric acid | Asparagaceae
Angular Solomon's seal, (Polygonatum odoratum), fragrant Solomon's seal, jointed rhizome, scented tubular flowers, young shoots cooked, poisonous red or black berries, poisonous | azetine-2-carboxylic acid | ancient herbal medicine, poultice for bruising, tonic for many disorders, Europe, Asparagaceae
See diagram: Polygonatum odoratum.
Coastal jointweed, (Polygonella articulata), North America, Polygonaceae.
Bear's paw fern, (Polypodium aureum "Mandianum"), Polypodiaceae.
Ming Aralia, (Polyscias fruticosa), dinner plate palm, dinner plate aralia, up to 2 m, finely divided feathery green leaves, in indirect, Arecaceae.
Fijian longan, (Pometia pinnata), matoa, taun tree, island lychee, large hardwood tree, evergreen, small brown fruit, leathery skin, translucent subacid fleshy seed, used fresh,
propagation from seeds, Tropical Asia, Sapindaceae.
Pometia pinnata, Fijian longan, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Dwarf jade plant, (Portulacaria afra), elephant bush, purslane tree, perennial, hardy succulent plant, potted jade is placed either side of house front door and is said to invite prosperity into house, culinary uses, succulent, pleasantly sour flavoured leaves, added to salads, Didiereaceae.
Winged bean, (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), Fabaceae
Podocarpaceae, podocarpus family.
(Poncirus trifoliata), hardy orange, trifoliate orange, bitter orange, citrus rootstock, leaf has 3 leaflets, Rutaceae.
(Pongamia pinnata, Millettia pinnata), mempari, Australian biofuel, herbal medicine, Fabaceae.
Poplar, (Populus alba), white poplar, silver poplar, abele tree, Morocco, Salicaceae.
Populus alba, Weeds, Australia
Eastern cottonwood tree, (Populus deltoides), >3 species called 'Populus section Aigeiros', (Greece) or cottonwoods, North America, Salicaceae
Black poplar, (Populus nigra), Europe, >3 species called 'Populus section Aigeiros', (Greece) or cottonwoods, Salicaceae.
Trembling poplar, (Populus tremuloides), quaking aspen, quaking aspen, common aspen, Salicaceae.
Purslane, (Portulacca oleracea), common purslane, pigweed, munyeroo, perennial, hardy plant, succulent, groundcover, culinary uses, all parts edible, rich source of vitamins, high in minerals and omega-3 fatty acids, culinary uses, salads and cooked, potherb, herbal medicine, oleraceins alkaloids, Chinese "longevity herb", ornamental, Australian native food, Portulacaceae
Large pigweed, (Portulaca intraterranea), succulent leaves, tap-root tastes like potato, Australian native food, central Australia desert, Portulacaceae
Small's purslane, (Portulaca smallii), succulent annual, grows on thin soils of granite rocks, oleraceins alkaloids, USA, Portulacaceae
Tormentilla, (Potentilla erecta), common tormentil, septfoil, erect cinquefoil, hardy plant, more than 8 cm, herbal medicine, tonic, astringent, inflammation, Poland, Rosaceae.
Potentilla tormentilla, Tormentil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb sold as rhizome.
Cinquefoil, (Potentilla reptans), creeping cinquefoil, European cinquefoil, perennial, up to 40 cm, dainty yellow flowers, in love potions, in baits to catch fish, herbal medicine, temporary relief of fevers, healing sores, Rosaceae.
Amazon tree-grape, (Pourouma cecropiifolia), Amazon grape, evergreen tree, up to 15 m, clusters of purple grape-like fruits with flavour of a grape. used to make wine and jams. warmed bark is used as a poultice for treating hard boils, grows in rainforests that do not usually become inundated, Western Amazon, Brazil, Peru, Colombia. Ecuador, Urticaceae
Black apple, (Pouteria australis), yellow buttonbush, wild plum, black plum, fast growing and easy to grow, adapts to cultivation, rainforest tree up to 30 m, fluted trunk, rough bark, milky latex when cut, thick leaves, female parts mature before the male parts, large edible fruit like plums, sweet and fibrous flesh but taste variable, best carving wood, Australian native food, Sapotaceae.
Abiu, (Pouteria caimito), medium tree, deciduous, slow growing, fruit sessile subglobose berry, solitary seed, yellow, sweet, used fresh, propagation from seeds, grafting, America,
Africa, Queensland, Sapotaceae.
See diagram Pouteria.
See diagram Pouteria caimito, (Kew Gardens).
Pouteria caimito, Abiu, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Canistel, (Pouteria campechiana), plant called "eggfruit", because fruit like hard-boiled egg yolk, yellow sapote, small to medium tree, evergreen, fruit variable in size, shape, yellow,
used fresh, smoothies, cooked, fast growing, propagation from seeds, grafting, fruit flesh characteristics vary from dry to moist, Central America and SouthAmerica, Sapotaceae.
Pouteria campechiana, Canistel, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Mamey sapote, (Pouteria sapota), mamey Colorado, large tree, fruit large, reddish brown, used fresh, ice cream, sherbets, propagation from seeds, grafting, up to 20 m tall, cut bark exudes white latex, many small flowers, fruit mainly (spindle shaped), weigh up to 3 kg, popular sweet fruit with mainly red pulp, used in ice cream, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean region, Sapotaceae
Pouteria sapota, Mamey Sapote, Daleys Fruit Trees
Ceylon Pouzolzia, (Pouzolzia zeylanica), perennial, hardy plant, up to 30 cm, herbal medicine, juice of plant is a folk remedy for boils, cuts, wounds, skin itches, temporary relieves fevers, diarrhoea, urinary conditions, culinary uses, leaves as cooked vegetable, Africa, Urticaceae
Fiji fan palm, (Pritchardia pacifica), loulu palm, piu, solitary palm, up to 10 m, slow-growing, straight, smooth trunk with some fibre patterning at the base, many large palmate lime green leaves with many pleats and yellow, fragrant brown flowers, small red then black spherical fruit, popular house plant, Tonga, Arecaceae.
African mesquite, (Prosopis africana) iron tree, used as food, tannins | Patuletin | arid western Asia, Fabaceae.
Mesquite, (Prosopis glandulosa), honey mesquite, screw bean, multi-stemmed thorny shrub, up to 6 m, paired spines on twigs, small zigzag-shaped branches with smooth, dark red or green bark, fern-like leaves, paired thorns above each leaf axil, can form dense, impenetrable thickets, once used for soil stabilisation and as a shade tree around homesteads, large seedpods, used to make flour | Mesquite gum =arabinogalactan + sugar components, clear light coloured exudate | folk medicine, used as adhesive to make the sweet "gum drops", pods and shoots used as cattlefodder, significantly invasive in Queensland, North and South America, Fabaceae
Dried herb is sold as root powder.
"Mesquite" is common name for genus Prosopis plants, from southwestern United States and Mexico, all spp. and hybrids Queenslnd prohibited invasive plants, Fabaceae.
Bayahonda blanca, (Prosopis juliflora) | Juliflorine | Mesquite gum | tryptamine | widespread invasive, Mexico, Fabaceae.
Vinal, (Prosopis ruscifolia) | Cassine | folk medicine, useful timber, invasive, Argentina, Fabaceae.
Pleurococcus, (Protococcus), green algae, Phylum Chlorophyta Pleuropogon, semaphore grass, Poaceae.
Winged bean, (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), Goa bean, "as bean", four-angled bean, manila bean, tropical crop, climbing twinning plant, up to 5 m, green trifoliate leaves with three leaflets, flowers with range of colours, tuberous roots, elongated pods with four corners each bearing a wing, al lparts of the plant edible, Papua New Guinea, Fabaceae.
Babchi, (Psoralea corylifolia), bu gu zhi, scurf pea | trioxsalen | isoflavone | genistein | psoralen | Indian and Chinese herbal medicine, Fabaceae.
Psoralea, (Psoralea glandulosa), deciduous shrub, hermaphrodite, tea substitute, South America, Fabaceae.
Chacruna, (Psychotria viridis), wild coffee, alkaloids | Dimethyltryptamine, (DMT), C13H16N2 | used in the Ayahuasca brew. herbal medicine, hallucinogenic, Ecuador, Rubiaceae.
Amboyna wood, (Pterocarpus indicus), Papua New Guinea rosewood, angsana, deciduous, wayside tree, reaches 21 metres, used for furniture, herbal medicine, South China, Fabaceae.
(Pterocarpus santalinus) purple or red sandalwood, purple rosewood, zitan, slow growing, denser than water, zitan wood reserved for Qing dynasty royalty because of purple colour, South China, Fabaceae.
Muirapuama, (Ptychopetalum olacoides), "Muira Puama, potency wood" | Coumarin |.
Lupeol | Sterols | folk medicine from bark and root, Brazil,
Olacaceae.
Dried herb sold as bark.
(Ptychosperma elegans), solitaire palm, raphides, North East Australia, Arecaceae.
(Ptychosperma macarthurii), Macarthur palm, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae.
(Ptychosperma salomonense), Solomon Islands, Arecaceae.
Kudzu, (Pueraria lobata), invasive weed, Fabaceae.
(Pueraria montana, var. lobata), "kudzu", dangerous invasive weed in USA, ornamental, Fabaceae.
(Pueraria phaseoloides, var, "puero"), "pueraria", "tropical kudzu", tropical pasture legume, invasive, Fabaceae.
(Pueraria tuberosa), kudzu, Nepalese kudzu, climbing vine, woody stem, big tuberous roots, contains steroid sapogenin | disogenin, C27H42O3 | used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, may cause death of human colon carcinoma cells, South Asia, Fabaceae.
Spreading hogweed, (Boerhavia diffusa), Punarnava, , tahvine, widespread because of sticky fruit, green vegetable, herbal medicine, Australia, India, Nyctaginaceae.
Pomegranate, (Punica granatum), shrub, deep-green leaves, round orange-size fruit with yellow-brown rind, many seeds in juicy pulp, in Bible Exodos 28:33, Lythraceae.
(Pyrostegia venusta), flame vine, bignonia, orange-flowered Stephanotis, ornamental tree, Brazil, Bignoniaceae.
White star creeper, (Pratia pedunculata), blue star creeper, perennial herb, ground cover, small white or blue flowers, garden plant. but garden invasive, Australia, Campanulaceae
Primrose, (Primula vulgaris), common primrose, English primrose, (houseplant), flowers and leaves edible in salads, Primulaceae
the primrose family, Primulaceae
German primrose, (Primula obconica), large rounded heads, pink and blue flowers, hairy leaves allergic reactions, (houseplant), China, Primulaceae
Cowslip, (Primula veris), common cowslip, paigles, herb Peter, St. Peter's keys, herbal medicine, herbal tea, Primulaceae
Kerguelen cabbage, (Pringlea antiscorbutica), Kerguelen Island, (first identified by Captain Cook's botanist, Mr Anerson, as "a miracle food for sailors" in 1776), harvested from the wild for local use as a food and medicine, contains oil reich in Vitamin C, only genus of Brassicaceae
Loulu palm, (Pritchardia pacifica), Fiji fan palm, Fiji, Pacific islands, Arecaceae
Brisbane lily, (Proiphys cunninghamii), Moreton Bay lily, grow from bulbs in lightly shaded areas, fragrant white flowers, garden plant Australia, Liliaceae
Bayahonda blanca, (Prosopis juliflora), Juliflorine, Mesquite gum, tryptamine, widespread invasive, Mexico, Fabaceae.
Vinal, (Prosopis ruscifolia), Cassine, folk medicine, useful timber, invasive, Argentina, Fabaceae.
velvet mesquite, (Prosopis velutina), Mesquite gum, herbal medicine, used to treat sore throat and stomach ache, desert plant, native American food, USA, Fabaceae.
Velvet mesquite, (Prosopis velutina) | Mesquite gum | herbal medicine, used to treat sore throat and stomach ache, desert plant, native American food, USA, Fabaceae.
Monarto mint bush, (Prostanthera euphrasioides), spreading shrub, less than 1 m high, purple petals purple flowers with purple dots, Australia, Lamiaceae
Cut-leaf mintbush, (Prostanthera incisa var. incisa), highly aromatic, leaves give off mint smell when rubbed, Australian native food, Lamiaceae.
Prostanthera incisa, Cut-leaf Mintbush, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Oval leaf mint bush, (Prostanthera ovalifolia), mintbush, purple mintbush, shrub, purple flowers, Australian native food, Australia, Lamiaceae
Mountain mint bush, (Prostanthera phylicifolia), spiked mint bush, up to 1.6 m, masses of violet/purple flowers, Australia, Lamiaceae
Round-leaf mint bush, (Prostranthera rotundifolia), native bush mint, round-leaved mintbush, native thyme mint, evergreen branched shrub, up to 4 m, dark green, aromatic, round leaves, cup-shaped purple flowers, cultivated, essential oils extracted from leaves, Australian native food, Lamiaceae
Prostranthera rotundifolia, Tucker Bush
Native mint bush, (Prostanthera sieberi 'Minty'™), up to 1.2 m, aromatic edible leaves, mauve flowers, Australia, Lamiaceae
Brown Pine, (Prumnopitys ladei), Mount Spurgeon black pine, Australia, conifer, Podocarpaceae
Self-heal, (Prunella vulgaris), heal-all, halal, sicklewort, woundwort, heart-of-the-earth, perennial, garden herb, groundcover, herbal medicine sore throats, wash, sprains, Lamiaceae
Self-heal, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Almond, (Prunus amygdalus, P. dulcis) | Geraniin | Amygdalin | (occurs in Bible: Numbers 17: 8), India, Mediterranean region, Rosaceae
Prunus dulcis, Almond, Daleys Fruit Trees
Almond fruit is a drupe, eaten raw or cooked, green or mature, whole or sliced or ground, as almond oil, almond butter, almond milk.
It is used in marzipan, nougat, cookies, cakes and is a source of nutrients especially antioxidant vitamin E.
Almond extract flavouring purchased in small bottles used in cooking, contains | Benzaldehyde | from Cassia bark, but no cyanide.
See diagram Almond self-pollinating, Daleys Fruit Trees
| Prunus armeniaca, Daley's Fruit Trees.
African cherry, (Prunus africana), red stinkwood, pygeum extract, traditional medicine | 1-Docosanol | herbal remedy, bark extract "pygeum", used to treat enlarged prostate gland, Cameroon, USA, Rosaceae
Dried herb sold as bark
Apricot, (Prunus armeniaca), (similar species are called "apricots"), leaves and seeds poisonous, North China, Rosaceae
Prunus armeniaca, Apricot, Daleys Fruit Trees
Prunus armeniaca, Apricot - Glengarry, Daleys Fruit Trees
Cherry, (Prunus avium), wild cherry, sweet cherry, bird cherry, all parts of plant except ripe fruit slightly toxic, cyanogenic glycosides, England, Rosaceae
9.3.3 Cherry flower
Prunus avium, Cherry, Daleys Fruit Trees
Myrobalan plum, (Prunus cerasifera), abundant, used as rootstock, England, Rosaceae
Prunus cerasifera, myrobalan-h29c rootstock, Daleys Fruit Trees
Plum, (Prunus domestica), common plum, English plum, (naturalized), Rosaceae
Prunus domestica, Plum tree, Daleys Fruit Trees
The "plums" in plum cakes by Little Jack Horner and Xmas plum puddings are raisins!
Damson plum, (Prunus domestica subsp. institia), damascene, small plum used in preserves, Great Britain, Rosaceae
Bitter almond, (Prunus dulcis var. amara), essential oil mostly contains | Benzaldehyde | causing bitter taste, and is used for cleaning bone and ivory.
When almonds are damaged or bitten, enzymes convert the glucoside amygdalin to Benzaldehyde and cyanide.
So the essential oil contains mostly benzaldehyde and some cyanide.
Bitter almonds or bitter almond essential oil is toxic, not to be ingested and may irritate skin, but in Europe may be added as spice to flavour marzipan, amaretto cookies and liqueur.
Mandelic acid, C8H8O3, C6H5CH(OH)CO2H, hydroxyphenylacetic acid, occurs in bitter almonds and is used to treat urinary infection.
Prunus dulcis, almond:16.3.6.21.
Bitter almond, (Prunus dulcis var. amara)16.3.6.22.
Prunus dulcis, Almond, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Prunus species: | Genistein
| Isosakuranetin | Lutein
| Pincembrin | Prunasin
| Prunetin | Amygdalin |
in apricot kernels, almond, peach, plum, but no evidence it is an anti-cancer agent
| Amygdalin | in apricot kernels, almond, peach, plum, but no evidence it is an anti-cancer agent.
Cherry laurel, (Prunus laurocerasus), "common laurel", English laurel, evergreen ornamental, poisonous leaves contain prussic acid, England, Rosaceae
Peach, (Prunus persica), small tree, fruit medium, yellow and red, sweet, used fresh, frozen, cooked, deciduous, fast growing, propagation from seeds, grafting, poisonous leaves and seeds, Rosaceae
Prunus persica, Peach, Daleys Fruit Trees
Peachcot ora tree, hybrid between a peach and an apricot, firmer flesh with a sweeter and less tart flavour than an apricot, small orange fruit like an Apricot, small clingstone seed that is easy to remove when the fruit is ripe, white flowers, plant in pots
Peachcot Ora A, Daleys Fruit Trees
Nectarine, (Prunus persica var. nucipersica), hairless smooth skin, fruit is smaller, firmer and more aromatic than peach, Rosaceae
Prunus persica, Nectarine, Daleys Fruit Trees
Chinese plum, (Prunus salicina), Japanese plum, North China, Rosaceae
Prunus salicina, Daleys Fruit Trees
Capulin cherry, (Prunus salicifolia), aromatic fruit eaten raw or stewed, preserved whole, made into jam, in Mexican
tamales, South America, Rosaceae
Prunus salicifolia, Capulin cherry, Daleys Fruit Trees
Sargent's cherry, (Prunus sargentii), large timber tree, Korea, Rosaceae
Black cherry, (Prunus serotina), wild cherry, herbal medicine, wild cherry bark, for coughs and tonic | Prunasin | England, (naturalized), Rosaceae
Black cherry, (Prunus serotina), wild cherry, herbal medicine, wild cherry bark, for coughs and tonic | Prunasin | England, (naturalized), Rosaceae.
Sloe plum, (Prunus spinosa), blackthorn , (fruit called a sloe), long sharp thorns, white flowers, hedgerow tree, small astringent fruits used to make sloe gin, stem used to make walking sticks, England, Europe, western Asia, Rosaceae
Nanking cherry, (Prunus tomentosa), fast-growing, sets fruit within two years, up to 4.5 m, white flowers, dark red fruit about 1 cm diameter, edible, tart taste, used for juice and syrup, China, Rosaceae
Prunus tomentosa, Nanking Cherry, Daleys Fruit Trees
Monos plum, (Pseudanamomis umbellulifera), ciruelas, medium shrub, evergreen, fast growing, up to 5 metres tall. fruit small, yellow, juicy sweet pulp, used fresh, from reeds, gathered in wild hot, tropical lowlands, Northwestern S. America, Myrtaceae
Love flower, (Pseuderanthemum variabile), pastel flower, night and afternoon, small perennial herb, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Acanthaceae
Guava, (Psidium guajava), common guava, yellow guava pine guava, small to medium tree, evergreen, fast growing, prolific, fruit medium to large, round, sweet or sour, aromatic, high in vitamin C, few seeds, pear-like flavour, high nutritional value, used fresh, jelly, preserves, juice, propagation from seeds, air-layering, grafting, Casuarictin, Casuarinin, Gallic acid, Tellimagrandin I (C34H26O12), herbal medicine, Mexico, South America, Myrtaceae
Psidium guajava, Guava, Daleys Fruit Trees
Brazilian guava, (Psidium guineense) Guinea guava, sour guava, has been naturalized in parts of Australia and is regarded as a good fruit, but sour, Americas, Myrtaceae.
Cherry guava, (Psidium cattleianum), cattley guava, cattleianum, cattley guava, strawberry guaval, shrub or small tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit small, round, red or yellow, subacid, used fresh, jelly, propagation from seeds, Brazil, Myrtaceae
See diagram Cattley guava.
Costa Rican guava, (Psidium friedrichsthalianum), small to medium tree, evergreen, attractive ornamental, fruit yellow, soft acid pulp,
many seeds, used fresh, jelly, juice, propagation from seeds, attractive ornamental, Central America, Myrtaceae
Winged bean, (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), Goa bean, "as bean", Fabaceae
Babchi, (Psoralea corylifolia), bu gu zhi, scurf pea | Trioxsalen | Isoflavone | Genistein | psoralen | Indian and Chinese herbal medicine, Fabaceae
Psoralea glandulosa, deciduous shrub, hermaphrodite, tea substitute, South America, Fabaceae
Small-leaved psychotria, (Psychotria daphnoides), smooth psychotria, smooth turkey bush, dense clumping bushy shrub, up to 4m, small cream flowers & fruit, rainforests, Australia, Rubiaceae
Hairy psychotria, (Psychotria loniceroides), attractive garden shrub, narrow glossy leaves, small white flowers, edible translucent white fruit, Australia, Rubiaceae
Chacruna, (Psychotria viridis), wild coffee, alkaloids | dimethyltryptamine, (DMT), C13H16N2 | herbal medicine, hallucinogenic, Ecuador, Rubiaceae
(Pterocarpus indicus), angsana, deciduous, wayside tree, reaches 21 metres, used for furniture, herbal medicine, South China, Fabaceae
(Pterocarpus santalinus), purple or red sandalwood, purple rosewood, zitan, slow growing, denser than water, zitan wood reserved for Qing dynasty royalty, because of purple colour, South China, Fabaceae
Marapuama, (Ptychopetalum olacoides), "Muira Puama, potency wood" | Coumarin
| Lupeol | Sterols | folk medicine from bark and root, Brazil,
Dried herb sold as bark, Olacaceae
Solitaire palm, (Ptychosperma elegans), raphides, North East Australia, Arecaceae
Macarthur palm, (Ptychosperma macarthurii), Australia, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
Ptychosperma salomonense, Solomon Islands, Arecaceae
Kudzu, (Pueraria montana, var. lobata), Japanese arrowroot, perennial vine, climbing up to 30 m, purple-pink, fragrant flowers, fleshy roots, massive taproot, compound leaves with three broad leaflets, brown, flat, hairy pods, small, hard, oval seeds, dangerous invasive weed, ornamental, Fabaceae
Pueraria montana var. thomsonii, invasive, Fabaceae
Thai kudzu, (Pueraria montana var. chinensis), phytoestrogens with estrogen-like effects, folk medicine, anti-aging, menopausal symptoms, Thailand, Burma, Fabaceae
Tropical kudzu, (Pueraria phaseoloides), "puero", "pueraria", tropical pasture legume, invasive, Australia, Fabaceae
Nepalese kudzu, (Pueraria tuberosa), climbing vine, woody stem, big tuberous roots, contains steroid sapogenin | Disogenin, C27H42O3 | used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, may cause death of human colon carcinoma cells, South Asia, Fabaceae
Lungwort, (Pulmonaria officinalis), Our Lady's milk drops, herbaceous, evergreen, rhizome, ovate spotted leaves, red to purple trumpet-like flowers, herbal medicine, chest diseases, acid-base dye, Boraginaceae.
Eastern pasqueflower, (Pulsatilla patens), prairie crocus, cutleaf anemone, purple flowers, dangerous herbal medicine, poisonous, Northern Europe, USA, Ranunculaceae
See diagram: Eastern pasqueflower, (The word "pasque" refers to Easter)
Orange bush pea, (Pultenaea euchila), orange pultenaea, erect shrub, hairless stems, dry sclerophyll forest, tough drought tolerant shrub, showy yellow flowers. Australia, Fabaceae
Notched bush pea, (Pultenaea retusa), blunt leaf pea, Australia, Fabaceae
Hairy bush pea, (Pultenaea villosa), Australia, Fabaceae
Pultenaea species may be called "eggs and bacon"
Pomegranate, (Punica granatum), dadima, (French pome, apple | Latin granatum many seeds), hardy shrub, more than 2 metres, semi-deciduous, deep-green leaves poisonous to sheep and cattle, slow growing, grown from seeds and cuttings, round orange-size fruit with yellow-brown rind, many seeds in juicy pulp, herbal medicine, anxiety, menopause, rich in antioxidants, Punicalagin C48H28O30 antioxidant polyphenol, Pelletirrine alkaloid C8H15NO expulsion of tapeworms, fruit eaten raw, juice, in fruit salad, tannins extracted from root bark, in Bible Exodos 28:33, Ayurvedic medicine, cultivated throughout India, North America, China, Lythraceae
Dried herb is sold as freeze-dried fruit juice dried powder.
See diagram Punica granatum.
Pomegranate, Daleys Fruit Trees
Billy buttons, (Pycnosorus globosus), drumsticks, perennial, long stem golden globe "flowers", narrow wooly grey-green leaves, long flowering, (pseudanthium of florets surrounded by bracts), popular garden plant, used for cut flowers or dried flowers, Australia, Asteraceae
Pycnosorus globosus, Billy buttons, Southern Harvest
Flame vine, (Pyrostegia venusta), bignonia, orange-flowered Stephanotis, orange tubular flowers, ornamental tree, Brazil, Bignoniaceae
Callery pear, (Pyrus calleryana), up to 11 m, deciduous, attractive white flowers, inedible fruit, ornamental garden plant, Rosaceae
Pear, (Pyrus communis), common pear, European pear. (Latin pirium, pear), dioecious, attractive deciduous tree, clusters of pink flowers in corymbs, edible fruit, juice ferments to "Perry", Rosaceae
Pyrus species, Daleys Fruit Trees
Plymouth pear, (Pyrus cordata), wild pear, unpleasant smell, rare tree, was used as a hedge, England, Rosaceae
(Pyrus cydonia), pear, quince, herbal medicine, Rosaceae.
Nashi pear, (Pyrus pyrifolia), nashi fruit, Asian pear, Chinese pear, sand pear, served raw and peeled, high water content and crisp grainy texture, Australian native food, India, New Zealand, and USA, Rosaceae