School Science Lessons
Food Gardens 7
2015-11-09
Please send comments to: J.Elfick@uq.edu.au
Herb Garden Commercial list of herbs
Table of contents
5.4 "Grow Your Own Herb Garden", by Annette McFarlane
5.1 List of herbs commonly sold commercially
Herbs in plant families
Acanthaceae
Acanthus family, bear's breech, king of bitters, mushroom plant
Amaranthaceae
Amaranth family, bhajhee, grain amaranth, mukunuwenna, purple mukunuwenna,
sambu lettuce, tampala
Amaryllidaceae
Amaryllis family, chives, garlic, leek, onion,, shallots, society garlic,
tree onion
Apiaceae, (Umbelliferae)
Carrot family, ajowan, angelica, anise, arracacha, asafetida, caraway,
carrot, celeriac, celery, chervil, cnidium, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel,
gotu kola, lovage, mitsuba, monsterio, parsley, parsnip, poison hemlock, rock
samphire, sweet cicely, thai coriander
Apocynaceae
Dogbane family, periwinkles
Araceae
Arum family, (aroids), arum, calamus, coco yam, monsterio, taro
Asteraceae, (Compositae)
Daisy family, bellis perennis, blessed thistle, burdock, calendula, camomile,
cardoon, chicory, chop suey greens, chrysanthemum, cobblers pegs, coltsfoot,
cornflower, curry plant, dandelion, echinacea, eclipta, elecampane, emelia,
endive, everlasting daisies, feverfew, globe artichoke, golden rod, groundsel,
Jerusalem artichoke, lettuce, marigold, milk thistle (puah), mouse ears,
mugwort, pyrethum, southernwood, St. Marys thistle, stevia, sunflower, sweet
tarragon, sweet fruit root, tansy, tarragon, toothache plant, wormwoods, yarrow
Boraginaceae
Borage family, alkanet, borage, comfrey, forget-me-not, , heliotrope,
honeywort, hound's tongue, lungwort, vipers bugloss
Brassicaceae, (Cruciferae)
Mustard family, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, cress,
flickweed, horseradish, kale, maca, money plant, mustard, radish, rocket,
shepherds purse, swede, turnip, wasabi, watercress
Cucurbitaceae
Cucumber family, bitter melon, chilacayote, choko, courgette, cucumbers,
gourds, long bean, loofah, pie melons, pumpkins, rockmelons, snake gourd,
squash, watermelons, zucchini
Euphorbaceae
Spurge family, cassava, sweet leaf bush, star gooseberry, petty spurge,
phyllanthus, Queensland asthma weed, candlenut, snow-in-the-mountains
Fabaceae, (Leguminosae)
Pea family
Subfamily Caesalpinioideae, tamarind, carob, bauhinia, cassia
Subfamily Mimosoideae, (Mimosaceae), sensitive plant, wattles, icecream
bean
Subfamily Faboideae, (Papilionaceae, Papilionoideae), alfalfa, fenugreek,
lentils, American ground nut, peanuts, (many bean varieties used as food),
caterpillar plant, jicama, kudzu, binko, lupin, chickpeas, licorice (or
liquorice), mellilot, peas, butterfly pea, indigo, pigeon pea, pinto pea,
guar, red clover, rice beans, mucuna, vegetable hummingbird tree, senna, crotalaria,
gidee-gidee, tree lucerne, bush lucerne, tephrosia, derris, goats rue, leuceana,
sturt desert pea, cancer bush / sutherlandia
Lamiaceae, (Labiatae)
Mint family, alehoof, basils, bergamot, betony, bugle, calamint, catnip,
cat's whiskers, chia, chinese artichokes, germander, hottentot, hyssop, lavender,
lemon balm, marjoram, mints, mother of herbs, motherwort, oregano, patchouli,
pennyroyal, perilla, plectranthus / coleus , ratala/inula, rosemary, sages,
savory, self heal, skullcap, thymes, white horehound, woundwort
Lauraceae
Laurel family, bay, avocado, cinnamon, sassafras, camphor laurel
Liliaceae
Lily family, aloe species, lily-of-the-valley, daly lily, New Zealand
flax
Malvaceae
Mallow family, okra (gumbo), hollyhock, marshmallow, rosella, red lantern
hibiscus, Queensland greens, cotton tree, paddy's lucerne, mallow, curled
salad mallow
Moringaceae
Horse-radish tree family, drumstick tree, phantom tree
Myrtaceae
Myrtle family, allspice, clove, eucalyptus, culinary myrtle, Brazilian
cherry, Indian hill gooseberry, midyim, Cedar Bay cherry, jambolan, nutmeg,
grumichama, lillypilly, bottlebrush, jaboticaba, guava, lemon myrtle, rose
apple, Malay apple, melaleuca, wax jambu, feijoa, leptospermum
Papaveraceae
Poppy family, greater celandine, poppy
Poaceae, (Gramineae)
Grass family, wheat, barley, rice, oats, rye, bamboo, palmarosa, vetiver
grass, lemon grass, Australian native lemon grasses, vanilla grass, corn,
incense grass, citronella grass, reed canary grass, job's tears, zebra grass,
jobs tears
Polygonaceae
Buckwheat family, buckwheat, Vietnamese hot mint, tade, rhubarb, turkey
rhubarb, french sorrel, sheep sorrel, docks
Portulacaceae
Purslane family, purslane, leaf ginseng, jade
Piperaceae
Pepper family, peppercorns, betel leaf, betel pepper, kava
Rosaceae
Rose family, rose, hawthorn, nectarine, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries,
native raspberries, agrimony, salad burnet, meadowsweet, ladies mantle, potentilla,
cinquefoil, avens, apples, pear, quince, almond, peach, cherries, apricot,
prune (all prunus genus)
Rutaceae
Rue family, curry leaf tree, bael fruit, rue, lemon, orange, mandarin,
wampi, pummelo, grape fruit, elephant apple, lime, Australian finger lime,
boronia, kaffir lime, white sapote, kumquat
Scrophulariaceae
Fig wort family, brahmi, rau om, paulownia, black mullein, white mullein,
brooklime, speedwell
Solanaceae
Potato family, tomato, potato, capsicum, chillies, indian ginseng, goji
berry, eggplant, cape gooseberry, chinese lantern, pepino, duboisia, udder
plant, mandrake, henbane, tobacco, datura, jimson weed, shoofly plant, native
gooseberry, Australian native tomato, black nightshade, belladonna, duboisia,
kantikari, devils apple, tamarillo
Tiliaceae
Linden family, salad mallow, jute, linden, grewia
Valerianaceae
Valerian family, lemon verbena, vervain, valerian, chaste tree, corn salad,
aztec sweet herb, lantana
Violaceae
Violet family, sweet violet, heartsease
Zingiberaceae
Ginger family, gingers, cardamom, galangals, turmeric, kenchur, Chinese
keys.
5.4"Grow Your Own Herb
Garden", by
Annette McFarlane 1. Herbs
are easy to grow and are a great option for beginner gardeners. They are
ideal for people with limited space as they adapt well to pots and can be
grown in small garden beds. There is a huge range to choose from. Most herbs
are plants that does not develop a true, woody trunk, and are herbaceous
or soft. Some herbs, e.g. rosemary and lavender, do develop hard stems, but
not really a trunk, so these plants do not respond well when you prune them
back into their tougher stems. The bay tree can grow to become a very big
tree. Herbs are often aromatic and usually have a traditional culinary or
medicinal use.
2. Potting Mix
Use 5 parts potting mix and 1 part coir peat plus organic fertilizers
based on blood and bone. Always check the soil pH with a simple soil test
kit. Add sulphur to lower pH. Add lime to increase pH. Make your own potting
mix using 7 parts compost, 3 parts coir peat and 2 parts washed river sand
+ an organic fertilizer product, but follow the application rate recommended
on the pack.
3. Pots
A planter troughs containing 5-6 litres of potting mix is the minimum
size for most herbs. However, the more vigorous growing herbs, e.g. lemon
grass, lemon verbena, pineapple sage, forms of rosemary ("Tuscan Blue"),
and true trees, e.g. bay tree, will require much larger pots containing
at least 9 litres of potting mix.
4. Plant Selection
Group your herbs according to:
4.1 Life cycle: Annual, biennial /short lived, long lived / perennial.
4.2 Needs: wet, dry, full sun, semi-shade, acid soil, alkaline soil.
5.0 Examples of good combinations:
5.1 Garden mint, spearmint, apple mint, Vietnamese mint, all other mint
types. These plants are perennial, aggressive growers. They require neutral
to slightly acid soil and lots of water.
5.2 Coriander, dill, fennel. These plants are relatively short lived,
like cooler conditions, all hate root disturbance, sow seed direct, and
require slightly acidic to slightly alkaline pH. Sow seeds of these plants
directly into the pot and cover lightly with coir peat, as with other herbs
or vegetables. Apply liquid fertilizer when the seeds germinate. Later
you can harvest entire plants (roots, stems and leaves), just the way you
buy them from the shop.
5.3 Italian parsley, triple-curled parsley, sweet basil, rocket, purple
basil, lemon balm. They are relatively short lived, tender plants, and
require a slightly acidic to slightly alkaline pH.
5.4 Thyme, oregano, marjoram, sage, rosemary, lavender, (the "Mediterranean
herbs"), onion chives, garlic chives, stevia, perennial coriander, golden
oregano are all perennial, like hot, full sun, neutral to slightly alkaline
soil, and can cope with some dryness once established. Include flowering
plants with herb combinations to create a more attractive feature, e.g.
nasturtiums, salvia, marigolds, calendula and viola.
The flowering plants are edible.
6. Maintenance of a herb garden
6.1 Check the herbs every day so put them where you will notice them.
Water the herbs as required and at least every second day if there is no
rain.
6.2 Add mulch to the pots to reduce evaporation and keep the roots cool.
Add stones or pebbles to prevent potting mix splashing out when you add
water to the pots.
6.3 Apply liquid organic fertilizer every fortnight and dry fertilizer
at the beginning of every season. Fertilize the soil, rather than the foliage.
Rinse herbs after harvest to get rid of any fertilizer residue.
6.4 Allow herbs to become established before you begin to harvest them
with kitchen scissors.
6.5 Herbs, including perennial herbs, do not live forever, especially
if you grow them in pots. Potting mix eventually breaks down and turns to
dust. Pots will become filled with roots.
6.6 Days of rain and high humidity suit mint but not the Mediterranean
herbs. Sprinkle of garden lime over the foliage of "grey foliage" or "hairy"
herbs, e.g. rosemary, lavender and sage, to help overcome the effects of
excess humidity during the summer.
5.1 List of herbs commonly sold commercially
Agrimony, (Agrimonia eupatoria), Rosaceae
Alehoof, (Glechoma hederacea), Lamiaceae
American elderberry, (Sambucus canadensis), Adoxaceae
Angelica, (Angelica archangelica), (Apiaceae)
Anise, (Pimpinella anisum), Apiaceae
Anise basil, (Ocimum basilicum 'anise'), Lamiaceae
Anise hyssop, (Agastache foeniculum), Lamiaceae
Aniseed, (Pimpinella anisum), Apiaceae
Asafoetida, (Asafetida), (Ferula assafoetida), Apiaceae
Ashitaba, (Angelica keiskel Koldzumi), Apiaceae
Asian mint, (Mentha asiatica), Lamiaceae
Achiote, (Bixa orellana), Bixaceae
Aibika, (Abelmoschus manihot), Malvaceae
Aloe, (Aloe vera), Asphodelaceae
Arrowroot, (Maranta arundinacea), Marantaceae
Artichoke, (Cynara cardunculus), Asteraceae
Balm, (Melissa officinalis), Lamiaceae
Barberry, common barberry, (Berberis vulgaris), Berberidaceae
Basil, (Ocimum basilicum), Lamiaceae
Bay tree, (Laurus nobilis), Lauraceae
Bilberry, (Vaccinium myrtillus), Ericaceae
Borage, (Borago officinalis), Boraginaceae
Butterfly pea, (Clitoria ternatea), Fabaceae
Brahmi, (Bacopa monnieri), Plantaginaceae
Betel pepper, (Piper betel), Piperaceae
Brazilian spinach, (Alternanthera sessilis), Amaranthaceae
Calendula, (Calendula officinalis), Asteraceae
Caper bush, (Capparis spinosa), Capparaceae
Caraway, (Carum carvi), Apiaceae
Cardamom, (Elattaria cardamomum), Zingiberaceae
Cassava, (Manihot esculenta), Euphorbiaceae
Cat grass, (Dactylis glomerata), Poaceae
Chamomile, (Matricaria chamomilla), Asteraceae
Chard, (Beta vulgaris subsp vulgaris), Amanthaceae
Chaste tree, (Vitex agnus-castus), Verbenaceae
Chervil, (Anthriscus cerefolium), Apiaceae
Chicory, (Cichorium intybus), Asteraceae
Chilli pepper, Chillies, (Capsicum frutescens), Solanaceae
Chinese keys, (Boesenbergia pandurata), Zingiberaceae
Cinnamon, (Cinnamomum verum), Lauraceae
Comfrey, (Symphytum officinale), Boraginaceae
Coriander, (Coriandrum sativum), Apiaceae
Corsican mint, (Mentha requienii), Lamiaceae
Costmary, (Tanacetum balsamita), Asteraceae
Cranberry, large cranberry, (Vaccinium macrocarpon), Ericaceae
Cress, (Lepidium sativum), Brassicaceae
Curry leaf tree, (Murraya koenigii), Rutaceae
Curry plant, (Helichrysum augustifolium), Asteraceae
Damiana, (Turnera diffusa), Turneraceae
Dandelion, (Taraxacum officinale), Asteraceae
Dittany of Crete, (Origanum dictamnus), Lamiaceae
Drumstick tree, (Moringa oleifera), Moringaceae
Elder tree, (Sambucus nigra), Adoxaceae
Elecampane, (Inula helenium), Asteraceae
Epazote, (Dysphania ambrosioides), Amaranthaceae
Feverfew, (Tanacetum parthenium), Asteraceae
Galangal, (Alpinia galanga), Zingiberaceae
Garlic, (Allium sativum var. sativum), Amaryllidaceae
Garlic chives, (Allium tuberosum), Amaryllidaceae
Germander, (Teucrium canadense), Lamiaceae
Ginger, (Zingiber officinale), Zingiberaceae
Gotu kola, (Centella asiatica), Apiaceae
Grey myrtle, (Heimia myrtifolia), Lythraceae
Hawthorn, (Crataegus monogyna), Rosaceae
Henna, (Lawsonia inermis), Lythraceae
Horseradish, (Armoracia rusticana), Brassicaceae
Hyssop, (Hyssopus officinalis), Lamiaceae
Jasmine, (Jasmium officinale), Oleaceae
Juniper, (Juniperus communis), Cupressaceae
Kaffir lime, (Citrus hystrix), Rutaceae
Lady's mantle, (Alchemilla vulgaris), Rosaceae
Lavender, (Lavendula angustifolia), Lamiaceae
Lemon balm, (Melissa officinalis), Lamiaceae
Lemon grass, (Cymbopogon citratus), Poaceae
Lemon verbena, (Aloysia triphylla), Verbenaceae
Licorice, (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Fabaceae
Lime balm, (Melissa officinalis), Lamiaceae
Linden tree, (Tilia vulgaris), Tiliaceae
Lovage, (Levisticum officinale), Apiaceae
Marshmallow, (Althaea officinalis), Malvaceae
Mints, (Mentha aquatica), Lamiaceae
Mother of herbs, (Plectranthus amboinicus), Lamiaceae
Mugwort, (Artemisia vulgaris), Asteraceae
Mullein black, (Verbascum nigrum), Scrophulariaceae
Mushroom plant, (Rungia klossii), (Acanthaceae)
Myrtle, (Myrtus communis), Myrtaceae
Nettle, (Urtica dioica), Urticaceae
Olive tea, (Leptospermum liversidgei), Myrtaceae
Oregon grape, (Berberis aquifolium), Berberidaceae
Pandan, (Pandanus amaryllifolius), Pandanaceae
Parsley, (Petroselinium crispum), Apiaceae
Passionflower, (Passiflora caerulea). Passifloraceae
Patchouli, (Pogostemon patchouli), Lamiaceae
Pepper, (Capsicum annuum var. annuum), Solanaceae
Pepper, (Piper nigrum), Piperaceae
Perennial basil, (Ocimum basilicum 'African Blue'), Lamiaceae
Perennial coriander, (Eryngium foetidum), Apiaceae
Perilla, (Perilla frutescens), Lamiaceae
Purple coneflower, (Echinacea purpurea), Asteraceae
Raspberry leaf, (Rubus ideaus), Rosaceae
Rau om, (Limnophila aromatica), Plantaginaceae
Rosemary, (Rosmarinus officinalis), Lamiaceae
Saffron, (Crocus sativus), Iridaceae
Sage, (Salvia officinalis), Lamiaceae
Saltbush, (Atriplex nummularia), Amaranthaceae
Sambung, (Gynura procumbens), Asteraceae
Savory, (Satureja repandra), Lamiaceae
Scented geranium, (Pelargonium triste), Geraniaceae
Sea grape, (Coccoloba uvifera), Polygonaceae
Self-heal, (Prunella vulgaris), Lamiaceae
Shiso, (Perilla frutescens var. crispa), Lamiaceae
Sloe plum, (Prunus spinosa), Rosaceae
Society garlic, (Tulbaghia violacea), Amaryllidaceae
Star anise, (Illicium verum), Illiciaceae
Sweetleaf, (Stevia rebaudiana), Asteraceae
Sorrel, (Rumex acetosa), Polygonaceae
Tamarind, Tamarindus indica, Fabaceae
Tansy, (Tanacetum vulgare), Asteraceae
Tarragon, (Artemisia dracunculus), Asteraceae
Thyme, (Thymus vulgaris), Lamiaceae
Tree mugwort, (Artemisia verlotiorum), Asteraceae
Tulsi vana basil, (Ocimum gratissimum), Lamiaceae
Turmeric, (Curcuma longa), Zingiberaceae
Vanilla beans, (Vanilla planifolia), Orchidaceae
Vegetable pepper, (Piper sarmentosum), Piperaceae
Violet, (Viola odorata), Violaceae
Warrigal greens, (Tetragonia tetragonioides), Aizoaceae
Wasabi, (Wasabi japonica), Brassicaceae
Water celery, (Oenanthe javanica), Apiaceae
White sage, (Salvia apiana), Lamiaceae
Wild yam, (Dioscorea villosa), Dioscoreaceae
Wild lettuce, (Lactuca virosa), Asteraceae
Withania, (Withania somnifera), Solanaceae
Ylang-ylang vine, (Artabotrys hexapetalus), Annonaceae