School Science Lessons
2024-01-04
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(UNBiolN3TZ.html)

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Genus names, T, (Tabebuia to Turnera)

Table of contents

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Genus names U | Genus names V | Genus names W | Genus names X | Genus names Y | Genus names Z |

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Trumpet tree, (Tabebuia avellanedae), pau d'arco, pink trumpet tree, taheebo, Brazil, Bignoniaceae
Tabebuia avellanedae, Pau D' Arco, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb sold as bark, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Rosy trumpet tree, (Tabebuia rosea), pink poui, ornamental tree, Bignoniaceae
Yellow poui, (Tabebuia serratifolia), ornamental tree, trumpet tree, Bignoniaceae
Pink trumpet tree, (Tabebuia palmeri, Tabebuia impetiginosa), semi-deciduous tree, in spring leafless tree and covered pale pink frilly flowers, South America, Bignoniaceae
Pinwheel-flower, (Tabernaemontana catharinensis), spinwheel-jessamine, semideciduous tree, open crown, up to 8 metres, crooked bole, corky bark, pioneer plant for restoring native woodland, ornamental, | Affinine | South America, Apocynaceae
Crepe jasmine, (Tabernaemontana coronia), milk wood, ornamental shrub, Apocynaceae
Dwarf pinwheel (Tabernaemontana corymbosa), small tree with a dense, rounded crown, elliptic leaf blade with elongated tip, fragrant white flowers with yellow throat and shaped like pinwheels, indole alkaloid Yohimbine C21H26N2O3, Singapore, Apocynaceae
Banana bush, (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui), Apocynaceae
Tabernaemontana pandacaqui. Banana bush, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Becchete, (Tabernaemontana undulata), | Ibogaine, native Amazon eye medicine), Apocynaceae
Iboga, (Tabernanthe iboga), rainforest shrub, | Ibogaine, Apocynaceae
East Indian arrowroot, (Tacca leontopetaloides), Tahiti arrowroot, Fiji arrowroot, East Indies arrowroot, pia, bat plant, Indo-Pacific canoe plant, Southeast Asia, Dioscoreaceae
Large-leaf fameflower, (Talinum calycinum), (calcycinum: persistent calyx), rock pink, perennial, pink flowers, rocky mountains, North America, Talinaceae
Waterleaf, (Talinum fruticosum), Philippine spinach, sweetheart, perennial, herbaceous succulent, up to 100 cm, pink flowers, herbal medicine, in Indonesia, tonic properties as "panax ginseng", culinary uses, leaves in salads and cooked dishes, leaf vegetable, oxalic acid, Mexico, Talinaceae
Fameflower, (Talinum paniculatum), Jewels-of-Opar, pink baby's breath, herbaceous, perennial plant, jewel-like fruits, herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, common ornamental, North and South America, Talinaceae
Surinam spinach, (Talinum triangulare), waterleaf, Surinam purslane, Philippine spinach, sweetheart, flame flower, Florida spinach, herbaceous annual. perennial, edible leafy vegetable, invasive, West Africa, Portulaceae
Talinum triangulare, Surinam spinach, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Cotopriz, (Talisia oliviformis), cotoperis, yellow genip, guayo, medium tree, evergreen, slow growing, dioecious, fruit, ovoid, yellow, small spherical, leathery skin, translucent yellowish or pink pulp, 1 large seed, used fresh, juices, jams, roasted, propagation from seeds or air-layering, Central and South America, Sapindaceae
Tamarind, (Tamarindus indica), tinthinikam, Indian date, asam, large tree, pod, brown, pulp date-like, used drink, preserves, chutney evergreen, herbal medicine, propagation from seeds, grown from air-layering or grafting, one of the best shade trees, fruits high in sugar, calcium, phosphorus and thiamine, herbal medicine, India, Fabaceae
Tamarindus indica was sent to Brisbane City Botanic Gardens from Sydney Botanic Gardens in 1854.
See diagram: Tamarindus
Tamarindus indica, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
See diagram: Brown tamarind.
Athel pine, (Tamarix aphylla), saltcedar, windbreaks, fire barrier, excretes salt so making ground salty, invasive competition with native plants, possible was the eshel tree planted by Abraham in Book of Genesis in the Bible, Genesis 21:33-34, Tamaricaceae
French tamarisk, (Tamarix gallica), saline soils, has waxy exudate that was possibly the "manna" mentioned in the Bible, ornamental, Saudi Arabia, Tamariceaceae
Blue boneset, (Tamaulipa azurea), climbing shrub, blue flowers, beverages, herbal medicine, Mexico, Asteraceae
Mexican tarragon, (Tagetes lucida), Mexican mint marigold, cloud plant, Spanish tarragon, sweet mace, sweet marigold, winter tarragon, Texas tarragon, perennial herb, up to 60 cm, easy to grow from seed or cuttings, 30-45 cm high, leaves give a sweet aniseed flavour to salads, and yellow flowers used as an edible garnish.
The narrow leaves can be added whole to herb salads and fruit salads, and used as a delicious tea and tarragon substitute, oblong leaves with toothed edges have fine oil glands with a distinct aniseed scent and flavour, small yellow flowers in terminal clusters, culinary uses, anise flavour, in savoury dishes, fruit salad, dressings, herb tea, vinegar, tingle taste, tarragon-like flavoured leaves so may be tarragon substitute, but used less than French tarragon in recipes, herbal vinegar medicine, supposed used to anaesthetize Aztec sacrificial victims | Anethole | Estragole | Mexico, Asteraceae
Mexican Tarragon, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Tagetes lucida), See text below Description.
Tagetes lucida, Mexican tarragon, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Mexican marigold, (Tagetes erecta), African marigold, Aztec marigold, flor de muertos | Lutein | Zeaxanthin | Mexico, Asteraceae
See diagram: Tagetes erecta.
Passionfruit marigold, (Tagetes lemmonii), ferny foliage, slight smell, daisy flowers during autumn and winter, Asteraceae
Southern marigold, (Tagetes minuta), black mint, muster John Henry, stinking roger, khakibos, wild marigold, culinary uses, dry leaves for seasoning, South American cuisine where is sold as "black mint paste", herbal medicine respiratory and digestive problems, South America, Asteraceae
French marigold, (Tagetes patula), marigold, "small marigold", popular ornamental edging plant, on butterfly farms, herbal medicine, culinary uses, Mexico, Asteraceae
Feverfew, (Tanacetum parthenium), (Latin febrifuga, fever, fugare drive away), bachelor's buttons, featherfoil, mutterkraut, midsummer daisy, matrem, aromatic perennial, companion plant, bush, up to 60 cm, leaves with citrus smell, daisy-like flowers similar to chamomile, outer florets white, yellow disc florets | Parthenolide | herbal medicine, a health staple, offering migraine relief and treating inflammation, fever, insect bites, menstrual issues, arthritis, migraine headache, skin damage but contact dermatitis, febrifuge, acts against Leishmania infection, essential oil anti-microbial, herbal tea but not for pregnant women, because may cause uterine contractions, avoid using with alcohol, bitter taste and chewing leaves causes mouth sores, may affect platelets, ornamental, invasive, Europe, Asteraceae
Chrysanthemum x morifolium, "Chrysanthemum", (most important hybrid), Asteraceae
Feverfew, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Tanecetum parthenium), See text below Description.
Feverfew - Golden, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Tanecetum parthenium 'Aureum'), Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Tanacetum species are called tansies.
Painted daisy, (Tanacetum coccineum), pyrethrum daisy, popular colourful garden flower, Asteraceae
(Tanacetum gracile), The essential oil of Tanacetum gracile, a cold desert alpine highly aromatic herb, has 40 constituents including: | Camphor | Lavandulol | Alpha-phellendrene | Alpha-bisabool | Chamazulene | Himalayas, Asteraceae
Costmary, (Tanacetum balsamita), alecost, balsam herb, mint geranium, perennial, temperate, up to 40 cm, small button-shaped flowers, sweet aromatic leaves pressed for perfumed, bookmarks, dried for fresh leaves in salads, sauces, soups and beverages, used for flavouring ale, Mediterranean, Asteraceae
Tansy, (Tanacetum vulgare), sweet tansy, bitter buttons, bachelor's buttons, golden buttons, perennial, up to 50 cm, companion plant, dried leaves in sachets in cupboards, garden spray, mulch, culinary uses, to flavour biscuits, Hungary, Asteraceae
Tansy, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Dandelion, (Taraxacum officinale), pepper bush, piss beds, wet-the-bed, piddley bed, (French dent de lion, lion's tooth, leaves have basal rosette, toothed), perennial in grasslands, up to 30 cm, bright yellow florets, stems have milky juice, culinary uses, pickled leaves in salads as dandelion greens, steamed, tea from roasted root, root roasted as coffee substitute | Lactucopicrin | Lactucin | herbal medicine, detoxifies, blood and liver tonic, diuretic, treat rashes, burdock and dandelion cordial for gout, pasture weed, vegetative reproduction by contractile tuberous roots, stalk cross sections used to show osmotic pressure and absorbing pressure, stigmas curve back to allow self fertilization, rich in vitamins A, B, C, and minerals, Asteraceae
A "dandelion clock" is a children's game where the number of puffs needed to blow away all the achenes from the white ball of the seed head, blowball, is supposed to " tell the time".
Dandelion, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Dried herb is sold as root and as leaf.
Brush pepperberry, (Tasmannia insipida), up to 3 m, red stems, crushed lance-shaped leaves have pepper flavour, small white flowers as umbels from leaf axils, separate male and female flowers on the one plant oval-shaped, edible red berries have pepper flavour, Australian native food, Winteraceae
Mountain pepper, (Tasmannia lanceolata), Tasmanian pepperberry, Cornish pepper leaf, compact shrub, up to 2.5 m, up to 10 lanceolate aromatic leaves with pale undersurface, red-crimson young stems, small white flowers, black globose berries, separate male and female plants, frost and snow hardy, shade tolerant, hot spicy leaf and berry, pepper flavour from polygodial, condiment, use to flavour vinegar and casseroles, Australian native food, Winteraceae
Tasmannia lanceolata Tasmanian Native Pepper Berries, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Tasmannia lanceolata, Mountain pepper, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Dorrigo pepper, (Tasmannia stipitata), Australian native food, Winteraceae
Alpine pepper, (Tasmannia xerophila), Australian native food, Winteraceae
Mexican sunflower, (Tithonia diversifolia), arla, perennial, up to 1-3 metres, hardy plant, bees love it, white flowers, seed heads used for dried flower arrangements and painted gold for Christmas decorations, leaves for compost and animal feed, large soft leaves as toilet paper, culinary uses, herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Salsify, (Tragopogon porrifolius), common salsify, goatsbeard, noon flower, Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon, vegetable oyster, gladwin, Jerusalem star, purple salsify, erect, stout, purple daisy flowered, hairless biennial, up to 1.3 m, long grass-like leaves and a fleshy taproot, in damp places, milky sap when damaged. edible taproot has an oyster flavour, environmental weed in Australia, northern Africa, Asteraceae
See diagram: Salsify.
Yellow salsify, (Tragopogon dubius), western salsify, goat's beard, roots were native American food, widespread, Asteraceae
Coltsfoot, (Tussilago farafara), coughwort, perennial, up to 30 cm, hardy plant, bees love the yellow flowers | Retronecine | herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Coltsfoot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Pond cypress, (Taxodium ascendensn), occurs in still blackwater rivers, ponds and swamps, North America, Mexico, Cupressaceae
Bald cypress, (Taxodium distichum), occurs along rivers with silt-rich flood deposits, North America, Mexico, Cupressaceae
Montezuma cypress, (Taxodium mucronatum), occurs on the banks of streams and rivers, North America, Mexico, Cupressaceae
Waratah, (Telopea speciosissima), (floral emblem of the state of New South Wales), shrub up to 4 m, dark green leaves, large showy flower, stems from lignotuber, follicle, Proteaceae
Telopea speciosissima, Tree waratah, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
9.1.0 Plant Classification of (Telopea speciosissima)
based on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia
Classificatrion of the New South Wales's floral emblem, the Waratah flower:
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Subfamily: Grevilleoideae
Genus: Telopea
Species: speciosissima
Latin name: Telopea speciosissima
Common name: Waratah
Plantae - it is a green plant
Magnoliophyta - it has cotyledons, flowers and seeds
Proteales - it has 4 perianth segments in each flower
Proteaceae - it has 3 perianth segments fused and 1 perianth segment free
Grevilleoideae - it has flowers in pairs
Telopea - it has large pink-red bracts surrounding the flowerhead
Telopea (Greek telopos seen from afar)
speciosissima - from speciosissimus (Latin), very handsome or beautiful, very splendid or showy
Trumpet bush, (Tecoma stans), yellow bells, ornamental tree, use shoot to demonstrate suction pressure | Actinidine | Bignoniaceae
Cape honeysuckle, (Tecomaria capensis), ornamental tree, Bignoniaceae
Samphire, (Tecticornia indica), up to 1 m, no leaves, leaf-like jointed stem and branches, scale-like flowers, round green fruit, many hairy seeds in capsule, grows in coastal and inland saline areas, Australia, Amaranthaceae
Tecticornia indica, Magnetic Island Plants
WA samphire, (Tecticornia lepidosperma), sea asparagus, tucker bush, erect shrub, up to 1 m, grows in saline areas and tidal mud flats, grown in pots, Australian native food, Australia, Amaranthaceae
Tecticornia lepidosperma, Tucker Bush
(Samphire is the common name for genus Tecticornia plants,) Tecticornia lepidosperma, Tucker Bush
Teak tree, (Tectona grandis), many local names, hardwood timber tree, up to 45 m, trunk is15 m, most well-known world timber, used in construction and decoration and especially boat-building, in monsoon forests of Southeast Asia, Brazil, Verbenaceae
Kakadu plum, (Terminalia ferdinandiana), billygoat plum, gubinge, murunga, high in vitamin C, strong antimicrobial properties, used to prevent food spoilage, e.g. prawns, similar to olives, Australian native food, Combretaceae
Terminalia ferdinandiana, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Brown damson, (Terminalia arenicola), cultivated along NQ beaches. but fetid odour, Combretaceae
Arjuna tree, (Terminalia arjuna), Ayurvedic medicine, sacred to the Buddha, tassar silk from Antheraea paphia moth which eats leaves, dried herb sold as bark powder, Combretaceae
Myrobalan, (Terminalia bellirica), bahera, beleric, bastard myrobalantanni, Ayuredic medicine, street lining, cattle fodder, India, Combretaceae
Indian almond, (Terminalia catappa), Bengal almond, Malabar almond, sea almond, tropical almond, tropical forest tree, fallen leaves, used as folk medicine, Asia, Africa, Australia, Combretaceae
Terminalia catappa, Indian Almond, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Black myrobalan, (Terminalia chebula), Indian gall nut, chebulic myrobalan, hareetaki, kadukka nut, tropical almond, herbal medicine, South Asia, Combretaceae
Okari nut, (Terminalia kaernbachii), Combretaceae
Australian almond, (Terminalia muelleri), Combretaceae
East Indian almond, (Terminalia myriocarpa), Combretaceae
Damson, (Terminalia sericocarpa), sovereignwood, damson plum, semi-deciduous tree, up to 30 m. stem up to 1 m diameter, used for house framing construction, Combretaceae
Triphala, Emblica officinalis + Terminalia beleria +Terminalia chebula), India, dried herb sold as powder in Ayuredic herbal mixture.
Stoneleaf, (Tetracera scandens), itching, whole plant decoction used to treat snake bite, Dilleniaceae
Nutmeg bush, (Tetradenia riparia), misty plume bush, ginger bush, musk bush, iboza, up to 3 m, sticky aromatic foliage, flowery ornamental, full sun or some shade, fast-growing, dioecious, traditional medicine, use young stems, antiseptic, treat coughs, respiratory problems, stomach ache, diarrhoea, malaria, dengue fever, yaws, toothache, infusion of the leaves and roots as emetic, scent of crushed leaves relieves headaches antispasmodic diterpenes, essential oil contains: Alpha-terpineol Fenchone Beta-fenchyl alcohol Beta-caryophyllene Perillyl alcohol Phytosterols.
Laboratory leaf extracts show antimicrobial activity, Africa, Lamiaceae
See diagram: Tetradenia riparia, nutmeg bush.
Wu zhu yu, (Tetradium ruticarpum), bitter fruit, used in Chinese medicine, China, Korea, Rutaceae
Warrigal greens, (Tetragonia tetragonioides), New Zealand spinach, native spinach, Botany Bay greens, leafy green herb, cultivated vegetable, eaten by mariners to ease scurvy, grows in sun and semi-shade, groundcover, reseeds itself, perennial although slow, grown from seeds or cuttings, grows naturally on sheltered beaches, if harvested often needs extra nitrogen to support leafy habit, survives frost to -3^oC, can be harvested for most of year, eat new stem, leaves and last 5 cm of growing tip, cook or use blanching before eating to eliminate oxalates | Oxalic acid | but do not reuse this water, better-flavoured low oxalate forms are being developed to taste like English spinach, ground cover or pot herb, herbal medicine, South America, Australian native food, Aizoaceae
See diagram: Tetragonia tetragonioides
See diagram: Warrigal greens.
Tetragonia tetragonioides, Warrigal greens, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Tetragonia tetragonioides, Warrigal greens, Tucker Bush
Botany Bay spinach, (Tetragonia cornuts), eaten by Captain Cook after sailing from Botany Bay on 6 May, 1770, Australia, Aizoaceae
Cat thyme, (Teucrium marum), perennial, up to 30 cm, aromatic grey leaves and pink flowers, some cats love to roll in it, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Cat Thyme, (Teucrium marum), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Native germander, (Teucrium argutum), perennial herb, up to 50 cm, scrambling and suckering, densely hairy branches, hairy egg-shaped leaves with wavy edges, pink-purple flowers. Australia, Lamiaceae
Canada germander, (Teucrium canadense), wall germander, wood sage, herbal medicine, tea is diaphoretic and diuretic, used to stimulate menstruation, Lamiaceae
(Teucrium species are commonly known as 'germanders'.)
Tree germander, (Teucrium fruticans), shrubby germander, Mediterranean region, Lamiaceae
Thyme, (Thymus vulgaris), common thyme, garden thyme, French thyme, garden edge perennial, can be walked on, up to 40 cm, beeforage, herbal remedy, antiseptic thyme gargle for sore throat, culinary uses, holds strong flavour so add at beginning of cooking, bouquet garni, casseroles, meat dishes, with zucchini, tomatoes, add to meat, savoury dishes, as a tincture, red thyme oil, white thyme oil, Carvacrol, if taste like oregano or, Thymol, if less penetrating flavour Cymene, Linalool, Pinene, herbal medicine, produces phenol, antiseptic, Egypt, Lamiaceae
Thymus vulgaris, Common Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Thymus vulgaris, Dried herb is sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lemon thyme, (Thymus X citriodorus), lemon-scented thyme, mother of thyme, Breckland thyme, wild thyme, perennial, 20 cm, Lamiaceae
Thymus x citriodorus, Lemon Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
See diagram: Lemon thyme.
Wild thyme, (Thymus serphyllum), creeping thyme, perennial, 5 cm, herbal medicine, oil of thyme, lawn grass, Cymene, Lamiaceae
Thymus serpyllum, Wild Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Spanish wood thyme, (Thymus mastichina), mastic thyme, Spanish marjoram, up to 40 cm, delightful refreshing menthol-eucalyptus fragrance, Lamiaceae
Lavender thyme, (Thymus thracicus), lavender-scented thyme, low growing, sturdy leaves and stem, suitable for rockeries, clean thyme smell with lavender, Lamiaceae
See diagram: Lavender thyme.
| Cineole | Cinnamaldehyde | | Eugenol | Eugenol acetate, | Linalool | Safrole |
Cretan thyme, (Thymus caespititius), tiny thyme, tufted thyme, dwarf, aromatic mat-forming groundcover shrub, Portugal, Spain, Lamiaceae
Headed savory, (Thymus capitatus), conehead thyme, corido thyme, thyme of the ancients, headed savory, evergreen shrub, up to 0.25 m, Spanish oreganum oil, Israeli oreganum oil, harvested from the wild for food and medicine, Lamiaceae
Caraway thyme, (Thymus herba-barona), perennial, groundcover, with delicious caraway flavour and smell, used in some recipes, Lamiaceae
Spanish thyme, (Thymus nummularius), Italian thyme, perennial, up to 30 cm, tiny fragrant round dark green leaves, grown for its edible qualities, use on pizza and spaghetti, ornamental, Lamiaceae
Creeping thyme, (Thymus praecox), mother of thyme, woolly thyme, low-growing, creeping, woody-based perennial, fragrant, but not a culinary herb, lawn substitute, Lamiaceae
Broad-leaved thyme, (Thymus pulegoides), larger wild thyme, Dutch tea thyme, fragrant, dwarf, woody evergreen, edible leaves before flowers open, ornamental groundcover, Lamiaceae
Five-ribbed thyme, (Thymus quinquecostatus), creeping, woody based perennial, essential oil strongly antiseptic, deodorant and disinfectant, dry rocky hillsides, China, Japan, Russia, Lamiaceae
Sauce thyme, (Thymus zygis), Spanish sauce thyme, evergreen shrub, up to 0.3 m, commonly used as a condiment and as a medicinal herb, Thymol, Portugal, Lamiaceae
"Death carrot", (Thapsia garganica), toxic to sheep, but may yield anti-cancer drug, Mediterranean region, Apiaceae
Katemfe fruit, (Thaumatococcus danielli), Yoruba soft cane, "miracle fruit, number 3" | Thaumatin | Marantaceae
Thellungiella halophila, which is a close relative to Arabidopsis thaliana (the model glycophyte weed) and has been ascribed as a new model marine/halophyte plant due to its tolerance to saline environments.
(Plants of genus Thellungiella are called saltwater cresses.) Kangaroo grass, (Themeda triandra), widespread in Australia, large red-brown spikelets on branched stems. Poaceae
Kangaroo grass. DPI, NSW
Cocoa, (Theobroma cacao), Malvaceae
Prairie goldenbanner, (Thermopsis rhombifolia), golden bean, buffalo bean, hardy perennial, up to 30 cm, yellow flowers, cause livestock poisoning, (quinolizidine alkaloids: anagyrine, thermopsine, cytisine, N-methly-cytisine), North America. Fabaceae
Southern toadflax, (Thesium australe), Austral toadflax, slender, bright pale green or yellow green, laxly procumbent herbaceous, short-lived perennial plant to 50cm. hemi-parasitic, nut-like drupes, soft and fleshy seeds in fruit, in grassland, Australia, Santalaceae
Thesium chinense and T. longifolium, popular ingredients in contemporary Asian foods and beverages, folk medicine, Santalaceae
Thesium hystrix, southern Africa, folk medicine, respiratory, bladder and kidney problems, Santalaceae
Thesium minkwitzianum | Thesine | Thesinine | Thesinicine | Thesinine pyrrolizidine alkaloid, C17H21NO3 | South Africa, Santalaceae
Meadowflax, (Thesium pyrenaicum), semiparasite, perennial herb, up to 50 cm, nutlike seeds, Western Europe, Santalaceae
Thesium spicatum, South Africa, folk medicine, Santalaceae
Thesium viride, Nigeria, folk medicine, jaundice, liver enlargement, splenomegaly and ulcers, Santalaceae
Thesium wightianum, India, folk medicine, cheek swelling, Santalaceae
Portia tree, (Thespesia populnea), useful wood, South Pacific region, Malvaceae
Cook tree, (Thevetia neriifolia), yellow oleander | Thevetin, (Thevetine), C42H66O18 | is an active constituent in this highly poisonous plant, West Indies, Apocynaceae
Yellow oleander, (Thevetia peruviana), the be still tree, thevetia, ornamental shrub, up to 2 m, attractive yellow funnel-shaped flowers, popular garden and roadside plant, narrow elongated glossy leaves, hard four-sided fruits with smooth skin, hazardous plant, all parts are poisonous, | Thevetin | Peruvoside | a single dose is toxic to a child, herbal medicine, Central America, Apocynaceae
See diagram Thevetia peruviana.
Thuja species, Cupressaceae
Thujopsis species, Cupressaceae
Thunbergia, (Thunbergia alata), black-eyed susan, orange clock vine, golden glory, sky flower, Bengal clock vine, ornamental climber, Acanthaceae
Annual thunbergia, (Thunbergia annua), Queensland prohibited invasive plant, Africa, Acanthaceae
Mulga grass, (Thyridolepis mulga), Mitchell grass, tufted perennial, woolly at the base, grass-like or herb, 0.1- 0.5 m high green flowers, Australian native pasture, Poaceae
Thryptomene, (Thryptomene saxicola), Thryptomene 'FC Payne', fragrant foliage, Australia, Myrtaceae
Common fringe lily, (Thysanotus tuberosus), Australia, distinctive fringed margins to flowers, Australia, Asparagaceae
Tiger flower, (Tigridia parvona), shellflower, peacock flower, jockey's cap, popular ornamental, Mexico, Iridaceae
Lime tree, (Tilia europaea), linden tree, the most common lime tree / linden tree, also known as (Tilia vulgaris), Malvaceae
Lime tree hybrid, Tilia X europaea, (T. cordata X T. platyphyllos), lime tree, linden tree, natural hybrid, tilleul, herbal medicine, sedative, linden tea to improve excretory system and treat body odours, Malvaceae
Tilia is the only genus of Tiliaceae, linden family, from Europe, but in recent botanical classification systems Tilia is in Malvaceae
Large-leaved linden tree, (Tilia platyphyllos), (large-leaved lime UK), grows in lime-rich soils, dried herb sold as linden flowers, Malvaceae
Basswood, (Tilia americana), American linden tree, Malvaceae
Small-leaved lime tree, (Tilia cordata), garden herb, England, Malvaceae
Silver lime tree, (Tilia tomentosa), Hungary, Malvaceae
Crimean lime tree, (Tilia X euchlora), Malvaceae
Yanang, (Tiliacora triandra), jelly leaf vine, leaves rubbed to extrude green solution used for jellies and soups, Thailand, Vietnam, Menispermaceae
See diagram: Tiliacora triandra, yanang.
Tiliacora triandra, Yanang, Daleys Fruit tree Nursery
Spanish moss, (Tillandsia usneoides), air plant, perennial, epiphyte, cylindrical leaves on slender drooping stems, cascading from plant's support, (novelty plant), (houseplant), hang over fence or tree, no need to water, plant will thicken and lengthen, use as garden mulch, stuffing cushions, herbal medicine, in ointments, Bromeliaceae
Tillandsias (air plants) absorb most, if not all, of their food and water via small scales on the leaf surface, rather than through roots.
Silver-leaved air plant, (Tillandsia argentea), rosettes of narrow, thread-like leaves, (houseplant), Cuba, Jamaica, Bromeliaceae
Pink quill, (Tillandsia cyanea), fan flower, rosette of narrow, grass-like leaves, conspicuous blade-like flower spike, purple-blue pansy-shaped flowers, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae
Poor Man’s tectorum, (Tillandsia magnusiana), thread-like leaves covered in grey scales, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae
Heart-leaved moonseed, (Tinospora cordifolia), gurjo, guruchi, tinosporoside saponin, root, stems, and leaves are used in Ayurvedic medicine for many ailments. but no scientific evidence support, India, Menispermaceae
Quinine plant, (Tinospora crispa), bitter plant, guduchi vine, stalks studded with numerous knobs contain a very bitter, milky sap, many traditional uses. but not verified by science, Laos, Cambodia, Menispermaceae
Tmesipteris elongata, hanging fork fern, Australia, New Zealand, Psilotaceae, Pteridophyta.
Blunt-leaf steelwood, (Toechima dasyrrhache), Sapindaceae
Toechima dasyrrhache, Blunt-leaved steelwood, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Cape tamarind, (Toechima daemelianum), Australia, Sapindaceae
Piggy back plant, (Tolmiea menziesii), grows new plantlets on the back of the older foliage, (houseplant) grows in hanging baskets or shaded areas, Saxifragaceae
Australian red cedar, (Toona ciliata), red cedar, Australia, Meliaceae
Toona ciliata, Australian red cedar, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Kalantas, (Toona calantus), toon tree, medium-sized hardwood, used for decorative applications, South-East Asia, Meliaceae
Florida torreya, (Torreya taxifolia), Florida nutmeg, naya Japan, spiny pointed leaves, male and female organs on separate trees, height to 21 m, endangered species, USA, Taxaceae
Poison ivy, (Toxicodendron radicans), eastern poison ivy | Urushiol | USA, Anacardiaceae
Poison ivy may be 3 different species.
These species can cause severe dermatitis, because they contain Urushiol
Toxicodendron capense, poisonous fruits used to kill hyenas | Hyananchin | Tutin | South Africa, Anacardiaceae
Toxicodendron globosum | Mellitoxin | Anacardiaceae
Asian poison ivy (Toxicodendron orientale, east Asia, Anacardiaceae
Small-flowered poison sumac (Toxicodendron parviflorum, India, Anacardiaceae
Atlantic poison oak (Toxicodendron pubescens, USA, Anacardiaceae
Rhus, (Toxicodendron succedaneun), Japanese wax tree, up to 8 m, spectacular scarlet foliage, formerly a garden plant, but now mostly removed, because of severe painful allergic reactions, Anacardiaceae
Western poison oak, (Toxicodendron diversilobum), in western USA, Anacardiaceae
Atlantic poison oak, (Toxicodendron pubescens) or in southeastern USA, Anacardiaceae
Wax tree (Toxicodendron succedaneum), up to 8 m, beautiful autumn foliage, planted in Australia and New Zealand but not a noxious weed, allergic reactions USA, Anacardiaceae
Western poison oak, (Toxicodendron diversilobum), vine-like low-growing, upright shrub, up to 1 m, leaf shape like oak leaf, lobed or toothed leaflets duller green than poison ivy and with hairs on both sides, tan colour drupes”) has a tan colour.
Folk warning "Leaves of three, let it be".
Ajwain, (Trachyspermum ammi), ajwain, ajowan caraway, carom, ajuan, omum, bishop's weed, leaves and fruit bitter pungent taste of essential oil, small brown oval schizocarp fruits look like caraway, roasted or fries, not eaten raw, used in Indian cooking | essential oil contains mostly| Thymol | Cymene | Pinene | Terpinenes | many terpenoids | herbal medicine, treat stomach disorders, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, India, Apiaceae
Dried herb is sold as seeds.
See diagram Ajwain umbel
Star jasmine, (Trachelospermum jasminoides), Chinese star jasmine, Confederate jasmine, trader's compass, woody liana, green foliage down to the base, white fragrant flowers, perfume oil for incense, white milky sap, ornamental climber, groundcover, trained to cover unsightly walls, Apocynaceae
Chinese windmill palm, (Trachycarpus fortunei), Chusan palm, up to 20 m, single-stemmed fan palm, long cultivated in China and Japan for its coarse. but very strong leaf sheath fibre, used for making rope, sacks, and other coarse cloth, Arecaceae
Wild parsnip, (Trachymene incisa), perennial forest herb, up to 80 cm, thick rootstock, almost hairless, leaves from base of the plant, deeply lobed with long petioles, white flowers, umbels, ovate brown fruit, roots eaten after baking, Australian native food, Araliaceae
Blue Rottnest Island daisy, (Trachymene caerulea), annual, attractive pompom flowers on long stems, used for cut flowers, Australia, Araliaceae
Wandering jew, (Tradescantia andersonia), satin grass, cover plant, bush, straight stems and lanceolate leaves, grows rapidly to 50 cm, delicate flowers opens on each stem in the morning, Commelinaceae
Flowering inch plant, (Tradescantia blossfeldiana), (houseplant), liana with large leaves and short juicy creeping stems. elliptical fleshy leaves in two distinct rows on trailing stems are green above with a red tint; the lower part is purple., Argentina, Commelinaceae
Small-leaf spiderwort, (Tradescantia fluminensis), ('wandering trad' or 'wandering creeper', where invasive), hairless stems with variegated leaves, (houseplant), forms dense mat, seriously invasive in many countries, South America, Commelinaceae
Purple heart, (Tradescantia pallida), Purple Queen, “Purpurea”, most popular Tradescantia garden groundcover plant, narrow, pointed leaves with purple colour, pink-white flowers with three petals, spreads vegetatively, Mexico, Commelinaceae
Spiderwort, (Tradescantia spathacea), oat lily, cradle lily, inch plant, Moses-in-a-cradle, girl-on-a-swing, lady-on-a-hammock, oyster plant, purple heart, spider lily edging plant, perennial herb, the "self-stained" purple hairs on the stamens allow observation of movement of live cell contents raphides, West Indies, Commelinaceae
Tradescantia spathacea Plasmolysis in hairs on the stamens of spiderwort, Commelinaceae
Purple zebrina, (Tradescantia zebrina), zebrina, wandering Jew, large pointed oval leaves on creeping stem, upper surface pale green with silvery sheen, lengthwise purple-silver stripe, popular trailing plant, Mexico, Commelinaceae
Water chestnut, (Trapa natans), floating water chestnut, horn chestnut, water calthrop, Jesuit nut, aquatic weed of ponds, freshwater estuaries and mudflats, forms a rosette of leaves arising from tip of long submerged stem, waxy triangular leaves with toothed margins, inconspicuous four petals white flowers, in centre of rosette, fruit a distinctive four-horned nut, single seed, spreads by seed, Queensland prohibited invasive plant, Trapaceae
Poison peach, (Trema tomentosa), toxic to stock, Australia, Cannabaceae
Southern bog asphodel, (Triantha racemosia), coastal false asphodel, in acidic wetlands, Southeastern United States, Liliaceae
Puncture vine, (Tribulus terrestris), devil's thorn, caltrop, ("goathead fruit"), invasive noxious weed, herbal medicine, impotence, increase birth contractions, Zygophyllaceae
Dried herb sold as powder.
San Pedro cactus, (Trichocereus pachanoi), | Mescaline | Candicine | Cactaceae
Camel bush, (Trichodesma zeylanicum), cattle bush, erect herb, up to 1 m, blue flowers, (covered with stiff irritant hairs so be careful!), Australia, Boraginaceae
Snake gourd, (Trichosanthes cucumerina), serpent gourd, very long fruit eaten immature as a vegetable, Southeast Asia, Cucurbitaceae
Toad lily (Tricyrtis hirta), hairy toad lily, large wide leaves clasping around the stem, white to purple flowers with dark purple spots, grows on shaded rocky cliffs, exotic houseplant, Japan, Liliaceae.
Snake gourd, (Trichosanthes cucumerina), "snake bean" or "New Guinea bean",( but it is not a bean legume), produces many white fruits 10.20 cm long, which can be cooked in soups, strong climber, but needs strong support for such big fruit, Cucurbitaceae.
Lesser trefoil, (Trifolium dubium), suckling clover, may be the shamrock symbol of Ireland
Trifolium, (Latin tres three, folium leaf), species called "trefoils", Fabaceae.
Trifolium species: Biochanin A C16H12O5, Coumestrol, C15H8O5, Formononetin C16H12O4, Genistein, Geraldone C16H12O5, Maackiain C16H12O5, (Inermin) Medicarpin C16H14O4, (Demethylhomopterocarpin), Ononin C22H22O9, (Formononetin glucoside), Pratensein C16H12O6, (3'-hydroxybiochanin A), Vestitol, Fabaceae.
Resveratrol, Fabaceae.
Alsike clover, (Trifolium hybridum), 4-Hydroxyhomopterocarpin C17H16O5, (a pterocarpan), Fabaceae.
Red clover, (Trifolium pratense), meadow trefoil, perennial, up to 30 cm, culinary uses, leaves and flowers in salads, sprouts can be eaten raw
Daidzin, Irilone, Kaempferol Phaseolic acid, Pratensein, Trefolirhizin, herbal medicine, tea for antispasmotic, bronchial problems, do not use during pregnancy or advanced stages of estrogen-driven cancers, do not use with Heparin or Warfarin due to the Coumarin, content, suitable for herbal infusion, Fabaceae.
Red Clover, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as flowers.
White clover, (Trifolium repens), Dutch clover, tropical pasture legume, attracts bees, forage crop, Daidzein, Lotoaustralin, Slaframine, Triacontan-1-ol, herbal tea, Europe, Central Asia, Fabaceae.
Dragon's blood clover, (Trifolium repens 'Dragon's Blood'), perennial, hardy plant, groundcover, very attractive leaf markings of red, white and green, many small flowers aggregated to form a head, use leaves in salads, herbal medicine, tea for coughs and colds, culinary uses, leaves in salads, Fabaceae.
Subterranean clover, (Trifolium subterraneum), "sub clover", weed, but pasture plant, tropical pasture legume, after fertilization fruit grows downward into soil, Cadaverine, Deoxykaempferol Fisetin, Formononetin C16H12O4, Geraldone, C16H12O5, Europe, Australia, Fabaceae.
Fenugreek, (Trigonella foenum-graecum), small hard seed, bitter with sweet flavour from Sotolone lactone, like dried hay, (Latin foenum-graecum Greek hay), food flavouring, in commercial curry pastes, contains, Disogenin, outer layers of soaked seed exude gel used in sauces, herbal medicine, seed extract reduces menopause problems, Asia, Mediterranean region, Fabaceae.
Dried herb is sold as seed.
American wake-robin, (Trillium grandiflorum), white trillium lily, USA, Liliaceae
Porcupine grass, (Triodia irritans), tussock grass, forms dense spiked mounds so keep clear of it, called "spinifex grass". but not genus Spinifex, Australia, Poaceae
Lime berry, (Triphasia trifolia), limeberry, shrub, evergreen, small red fruit with thin skin and mucilaginous pulp, used fresh, preserves, ornamental shrub, propagation from seeds, Malaysia, India, Rutaceae
Bush lily, (Tripladenia cunninghamii, Kreysigia multiflora), (sole species), Australia, Colchidaceae
Creek triplarina. (Triplarina imbricata), tiny white flowers produce frost-like effect, oil glands at back of leaves, Australia, Myrtaceae
Fiveminute grass, (Tripogon loloformis), resurrection grass, five minute grass, shoots initiate autophagy upon dehydration to reinstate homeostasis and suppress cell death, Australia, Poaceae
"Tome", (Triphophyllum peltatum) three types of leaves, liana up to 50 m, second type glandular leaves to capture insects, sole species in the "double-hooked leaves family", largest carnivorous plant, West Africa, Dioncophyllaceae
Brisbane box tree, (Tristania conferta), brush box, timber tree, moderate size, showy bark, small flowers, branches are mostly upright and do not droop, common ornamental street tree in southern California and Australian cities, Myrtaceae
Watergum, (Tristaniopsis laurina), kanooka gum, Australia, Myrtaceae
Wheat, (Triticum aestivum), "bread wheat", vitamin E in wheat germ, edible grain, wheatgrass, hexaploid, dried herb sold as aerials powder, Australia, Poaceae
Durum wheat, (Triticum turgidum, var. durum), edible grain, tetraploid, Poaceae
Glossy spice bush, (Triunia robusta), Australia, Proteaceae
Tree heath, (Trochocarpa laurina), waddy wood, Australian native species, used to make clubs, Ericaceae
Trochocarpa laurina, Tree heath, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
[Note: The following "nasturtium", Tropaeolum species, is NOT related to the watercress, (Nasturtium officinale), Brassicaceae]
Nasturtium, (Tropaeolum majus), 'Alaska' garden nasturtium, Indian cress, monk's cress, perennial, up to 40 cm, flowers pale yellow to deep orange, used as a garnish, peppery leaves variegated with splashes of white over green, | Antheraxanthin | Carotene | Cryptoxanthin | Erucic acid | Glucotropaeolin | herbal medicine, antifungal, tonic, natural antibiotic leaves and flowers, high in vitamin C, culinary uses, salads, pesto and garnish | tincture | herbal medicine, Tropaeolaceae
Nasturtium, (Tropaeolum majus), Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Nasturtium, "Empress of India", (Tropaeolum minus), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, dwarf nasturtium, Tropaeolaceae
The deep orange flowers add a striking contrast of colour to the salad bowl as well as adding a bit of bite.
This variety has deeper green leaves that give more interest to the greens in your salad.
Large leaves can be used as wraps for small amounts of salad.
Damiana, (Turnera diffusa), perennial, shrub, (Acacetin), Southern United States, Mexico, Caribbean.
Damiana, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
See diagram: Turnera flower.
Damiana leaf, (Turnera aphrodisiaca), mild aphrodisiac, Turneraceae

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Genus names U
Elm, (Ulmus minor var. 'vulgaris'), common elm, (mostly destroyed by Dutch Elm Disease, caused by fungus Ophiostoma novoulmi.
Ulmus species are called elms
American elm, (Ulmus americana), white elm, water elm | Catechin 7-0-xyloside | Ulmaceae
Wych elm, (Ulmus glabra), Scotch elm | Mansonone C | Ulmaceae
European white elm, (Ulmus laevis), Russian Elm, England, Ulmaceae
Chinese elm, (Ulmus parvifolia) lacebark elm, (commonly used for bonsai cultivation), roots penetrate under walls to topple them, Ulmaceae
English elm, (Ulmus procera), slippery elm, herbal medicine, Ulmaceae
Slippery elm, (Ulmus rubra), perennial, hardy plant, deciduous, herbal medicine, mucilaginous properties, used to treat disorders of the throat and digestive tract, USA, Ulmaceae
Dried herb is sold as powder and as bark powder, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Nettle, (Urtica dioica), common nettle, stinging nettle, perennial, hardy plant, up to 1 metre, stinging hairs and strongly toothed ovate leaves, aerial parts used in liquid tea for healthy plants and spray for aphids leaves in compost, tea as hair conditioner, and dandruff | Apocynin | Formic acid | Histamine | Serotonin | herbal medicine, temporary relief arthritis, hay fever, blood, liver and diuretic kidney tonic, astringent to dry oily skin, culinary uses, leaves cooked like spinach, stews, blended with fruit juices makes a refreshing smoothie, astincture, Bulgaria, Urticaceae
Nettle, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as leaves or root powder.
Scrub nettle, (Urtica incisa), "stinging nettle", tall nettle, upright perennial rainforest herb, triangular leaves with stinging hairs, leaves edible after baking, folk medicine, Australian native food, Urticaceae
Annual nettle, (Urtica urens), dwarf nettle, small nettle dog nettle, burning nettle, herbal medicine, Eurasia, Urticaceae
See diagram: Urtica urens.
Tsuga species, Pinaceae
Society garlic, (Tulbaghia violacea), wild garlic, pink agapanthus, low growing perennial plant, grow in full sun position, edible leaves have mild peppery onion flavour, may be used as chives, strap-like grey green leaves, star-shaped lilac-mauve flowers at end of long stems, attractive garden plant, South Africa, Amaryllidaceae
Society Garlic, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Society Garlic - Variegated, Tulbaghia violacea, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Yucca, (Yucca filamentosa), common yucca, (Adam's needle, Genesis 3:7), Spanish bayonet, needle palm, hardy perennial, up to 1-2 metres, white bell of beautiful white bell flowers, poisonous, ornamental, woody, the yucca moth Pronuba yuccasella, transfers pollen for fertilization, lays eggs in the ovules, and eats only some of the ovules, herbal medicine, dry regions of South America, Central America, Asparagaceae
Aloe yucca, (Yucca aloifolia), dagger plant, Spanish bayonet, leaves to 20 cm in dense rosette, very sharp points, pronounced trunk, edible fruit and flowers, Asparagaceae
Joshua tree, (Yucca brevifolia), grows only in Mojave Desert, California, Asparagaceae
Spineless yucca, (Yucca elephantipes), stick yucca, leaf tips not sharp, ornamental house plant. Asparagaceae
Mojave yucca, (Yucca shidigera), Spanish dagger, (roots contain saponins), grows in Mojave Desert Asparagaceae
Tulip, (Tulipa gesneriana), Liliaceae, Eurasia, North Africa.
Dwarf voodoo lily, (Typhonium roxburghii), black dead rat lily, up to 15 cm, deep maroon spathe, spiral spadix like a rats tail. ‘maldodorous’ scent, repeat flowering, all parts poisonous, widely naturalised, Southeast Asia, Australia, Araceae
Chilean guava, (Ugni molinae), strawberry myrtle, ugniberry, New Zealand cranberry, 'Tazziberry', Chile, Argentina.
Ugni Molinae, Ugni, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Gorse, (Ulex europaeus), common gorse, furze, whin, Ulex gorse, thorny evergreen shrubs, pea-shaped bright yellow flowers, dark green leaves, egg-shaped pods, ridged hairy stems with many spines, N -Methylcytisine, quinolizidine alkaloids cytisine and jussiaeiines A, C, and D, major invasive weed in Australia, Fabaceae
Ulluco, (Ullucus tuberosus), olluco, ulluku, melloco, chigua, ruba, papa lisa o lisas, ulluma, edible tubers are cylindrical to spherical and white to, red or with red spots on a yellow background, varieties with larger quantity of mucilage must be boiled before preparation, leaves used like spinach, The "ulluco viruses" are a danger to potato crops in other countries, Andean Region, South America, Basellaceae
California bay laurel, (Umbellularia californica), headache tree, California bay tree, Oregon myrtle, strong bay tree smell of, Cineole, Pinene, Sabinene, herbal medicine, traditional headache cure, crushed leaves give temporary headache relief, large hardwood tree, Lauraceae
Navelwort, (Umbilicus semiensis), bright green leaves rimmed with conspicuous hairs, Ethiopia, Crassulaceae
Cat's claw, (Uncaria tomentosa), una de gato, vilcacora | Tryptophan | Serotonin | Carboxystrictosidine | herbal medicine, South America, Rubiaceae
Cat's Claw, Dried herb sold as stem bark, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.

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Genus names V
Blueberry, (Vaccinium corymbosum), northern highbush blueberry, many varieties and hybrids, black-blue berry, acidic fruit, important commercial crop, usually eaten raw, phenolic antioxidants | Anthocyanins | pigments in fruit skin turn green with baking soda, folk medicine, Native Americans used fresh fruit to treat urinary tract infections, cystitis, Ericaceae.
Dried herb is sold as berries infused in raw cane sugar and sunflower oil.
See diagram: Blueberry.
Vaccinium corymbosum, Blueberry 'Margaret', Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Vaccinium species: Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, Peonidin, Petunidin
Cranberry 1, (Vaccinium macrocarpon subgenus Oxycoccus, USA cranberry), perennial vine, uneatable raw, because high acidity so processed to cranberry sauce for turkey dishes or dried, apple taste, manganese, Benzoic acid, polyphenols and phenolic derivatives, Caffeic acid 3-glucoside, Carotenes, Lutein, Myricetin, Ursolic acid herbal medicine, cranberry juice is traditional cure for urinary tract infections, e.g. cystitis, but no evidence for this cure, ingesting large quantities of cranberry juice may be unsafe, e.g. inhibits anticoagulant drug warfarin, in swamp areas, North America, Ericaceae.
Cranberry 2, (Vaccinium oxycoccos, UK), big plant, acid taste stronger than V. macrocarpon, Europe, Ericaceae.
Bilberry, (Vaccinium myrtillus), European blueberry, huckleberry, whortleberry, dwarf shrub, small blue flower, found on moors and waste spaces, edible, rich in flavonoids, herbal medicine, North America and Europe, Ericaceae.
Dried herb is sold as berries.
See diagram: Bilberry.
Bog bilberry, (Vaccinium uliginosum), Malvidin, Ericaceae.
Lingonberry, (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), cowberry, complex flavour, Arbutin, Hydroquinone, Proanthocyanidin, Ericaceae.
Mimosa bush, (Vachellia farnesiana), fragrance acacia, sweet wattle, sweet acacia, cassie, huisache, needle bush, forms thorny thickets, serious weed, bark and seed pods used for tannin, leaves to flavour chutney, perfume from flowers, herbal medicine, malaria, diarrhoea, Mexico, Central America, Fabaceae.
See diagram, Mimosa bush, flowers and pod, See diagram, Mimosa bush, infestation See diagram, Mimosa bush, leaves and spikes,
Karroo thorn, (Vachellia karroo), Kangaroo thorn, shrub up to 12 m, white paired thorns up to 10cm long, yellow ball-shaped flowers, rough red-brown to black bark, light-green fern-like leaves, sickle-shaped woody pod, drought-tolerant, Queensland prohibited invasive plant, Fabaceae.
Prickly acacia, (Vachellia nilotica), thorny shrub, up to 10 m, paired thorns 1–5 cm long, yellow ball-shaped flowers, fern-like leaves, flat pods, invasive, forms dense thorny thickets See diagram, Prickly acacia flowers, See diagram, Prickly acacia plant,
Valerian, (Valeriana officinalis), garden valerian, all-heal, Hercules woundwort, perennial, heads of pink or white flowers, up to 50 cm, for perfume, shade lover, rich phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, potassium, add to compost, companion plant, in garden said to stimulate earth worms, leaves tea spray to promote disease-resistant plants from dampening-off disease Actinidine, Hydroxyphenethyl Isovaleric acid, Bornyl acetate Valerenic acid, Valerianine, herbal medicine, use valerian capsules of tincture, tea to treat anxiety, for temporary relief of pain, headache, hiccups, irritable bowel syndrome, as a sedative, anticonvulsive, stop taking if heart palpitations or nervousness, do not use if taking sleep-enhancing or mood-regulating medications, amino acid valine, Bulgaria, Kenya, Mexico, Poland, Caprifoliaceae.
Valerian, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as root, and as root powder.
(Valerianaceae, Valerian family, is now considered part of the Caprifoliaceae, e.g. lemon verbena, vervain, chaste tree, corn salad, Aztec sweet herb, lantana.)
Lamb's lettuce, (Valerianella locusta), corn salad, Rapunzel, dark green rounded leaves, vitamin C β-carotenes, used in salads, occupies waste spaces, Europe, Asia, Caprifoliaceae.
Pearlberry, (Vallesia glabra), smooth vallesia, tear shrub | Akuammidine | Aspidospermine | Acetylaspidoalbidine | tropical America, Apocynaceae
Eelgrass, (Vallisneria species), freshwater eelgrass, tape grass, vallis, used in tropical and subtropical aquaria
American eel grass, (Vallisneria americana), but not "eel grass", aquatic weed, Hydrocharitaceae
Vallisneria tortifolia, thin tightly coiled leaves up to 20 cm in length, Hydrocharitaceae
Another eelgrass is the marine eelgrass, Zostera marina, seawrack, Zosteraceae
Spanish tamarind, (Vangueria edulis), edible green fruit, Rubiaceae
Vangueria edulis, Spanish tamarind, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Vanilla, (Vanilla planifolia), flat-leaved vanilla, vanilla vine, bourbon vanilla, Mexican vanilla, Reunion vanilla, perennial, climbing orchid, warm climate, aromatic pods used in soup, flavour ice cream, cakes, icing, drinks, fruit salad | Eugenol | Linalool | Vanillin | dried herb is sold as whole pods, cut pods 1-2 mm, pods powder, Mexico, India, Indonesia, Orchidaceae
Vanilla planifolia, Vanilla vine, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Vanilla beans, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
West Indian vanilla, (Vanilla pompona), vanillon, Pompona vanilla, Guadeloupe vanilla, Orchidaceae
Rosewood, (Vauquelinia californica), evergreen, woody stems, long slender dark-green leaves, clusters of fragrant creamy-white flowers, USA, Rosaceae
Dwarf royal palm, (Veitchia merrillii), Manila palm, single trunk, to 7 m, separate male and female flowers in a single inflorescence, popular garden plant, Arecaceae
[It is like a dwarf version of the royal palm (Roystonea regia).]
Sand lily, (Veltheimia capensis), elephant's eye, winter veltheimia, strap-shaped wavy-edged leaves, bell-like flowers on spike, (houseplant), South Africa, Hyacinthaceae
Forest lily, (Veltheimia bracteata), clusters of tubular pink flowers, South Africa, Hyacinthaceae
Supplejack, (Ventilago viminalis), whip vine, vine tree, weeping tree, up to 10 m, pendent branches, juvenile plants with vine-like growth habit intertwine and climb up parent plant, Australia, Rhamnaceae
White hellebore, (Veratrum album), false hellebore, corn lily, perennial, vertical rhizome, poisonous, protoveratrines | veratridine | herbal medicine, Europe, west Asia, Melanthiaceae
California lily, (Veratrum californicum), california false hellebore, poisonous | teratogens | Cyclopromine | Jervine | Melanthiaceae
Green hellebore, (Veratrum viride) | Cevadine | Melanthiaceae
Mullein, (Verbascum thapsus), common mullein, great mullein, white mullein, velvet plant, perennial, more than 1 metre, biennial, grey furry leaves, yellow, flowers seed stalks attractive dried flower arrangement, culinary uses, flowers in salads, herbal medicine, "mullein leaf" provides temporary relief for bronchial coughs, catarrh, mucous congestion, used as a divining rod, Scrophulariaceae
Mullein, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Mullein Tea Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Mullein black, (Verbascum nigrum), dark mullein, perennial, more than 1 metre, yellow flowers, seed stalks, attractive dried flower arrangement, culinary uses, flowers in salads, herbal medicine, temporary relief of bronchial coughs, catarrh, mucous congestion, Scrophulariaceae
Vervain, (Verbena officinalis), common vervain, common verbena, herba sacra, the "divine weed", the Roman feast Verbenalia in its honour, holy herb, Juno's tears, pigeons' grass, simpler's joy | Verbenalin | herbal medicine, perennial, up to 50 cm, herbal medicine, bedtime tea, treat insomnia, stress, fevers, stimulant, formerly believed to stop poison action and cure the plague, Australia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Verbenaceae
Vervain, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Blue vervain,(Verbena hastata), wild hyssop, up to 150 cm, purple flowers, garden plant, North America, Verbenaceae
Blue Vervain, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Verbena hastata), Verbenaceae
Purpletop vervain, (Verbena bonariensis), Argentinian vervain, bright lavender flowers, ornamental, invasive, Verbenaceae
Garden verbena, (Verbena X hybrida) | Delphinidin | Verbenaceae
Crownbeard, (Verbesina encelioides), golden crownbeard, butter daisy, up to 150 cm, stock poison, weed, Australia), USA. Asteraceae
Bitter leaf, (Vernonia amygdalina), tooth brush tree, tree vernonia, popular African folk medicine, bushy shrub, up to 7 m tall, grey-brown rough bark, dark green leathery leaves, small white thistle-like flower heads, small nutlet fruit, in rainforests, bitter leaves and 'chewsticks' eaten as raw vegetables, good fodder species, used for fuelwood and charcoal, infusions used in many medicinal applications, soil conservation, ornamental, termite-resistant stakes and live fence, tropical Africa, Asteraceae
Purple fleabane, (Vernonia cinerea), little ironweed, ash-coloured speedwell, common vernonia, iron weed, ground cover, herbal medicine, Turkey, Syria, Asteraceae
Speedwell, (Veronica officinalis), common speedwell, heath speedwell, Paul's betony, perennial, groundcover, herbal medicine, wash on wounds, skin, conditions, tea for stress, blood tonic, indigestion, Hungary, Plantaginaceae
Speedwell, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb sold as aerials.
Veronica species are called speedwells
| Catalpol | Plantaginaceae
Brooklime, (Veronica beccabunga), European speedwell, perennial, hardy plant, groundcover, wet places, leaves raw and cooked, rich in chlorophyll, vitamins A and C and minerals, culinary uses, leaves in salads and as garnish, herbal medicine, diuretic, high nutritional value, Plantaginaceae
Slender Speedwell, (Veronica filiformis) | Isoscutellarein | creeping speedwell, whetzel weed, Plantaginaceae
Birdeye speedwell, (Veronica persica) | Catalposide | Plantaginaceae
Culver's root, (Veronicastrum virginicum), black root, herbal medicine, North America, Plantaginaceae
Seychelles stilt palm, (Verschaffeitia splendida), Seychelles, Arecaceae
Vetiver grass, (Vetiveria zizanioides), khus khus grass, cuscus grass, vetiveria grass, usiram vetivert oil, aromatic roots, herbal medicine, oils and soaps, used for erosion control and perfumes, India, Sri Lanka, Poaceae
Cramp bark, (Viburnum opulus), guelder-rose, water elder, arrowwood, European cranberry bush, long-living tree, up to 4 m, three-lobed leaves shed every year, dried bark collected from stem when plant in flower, herbal medicine, relaxes muscle tension and spasm, painful menstruation, biliary colic, renal colic, irritable bowel syndrome, relaxes blood vessels to the brain to treat tension headaches, migraine, Europe, Asia, Adoxaceae
Commercial medicines for night cramps, e.g. "Crampeze" capsules, contain Viburnum opulus extract dry concentration from dry stem bark, magnesium as heavy magnesium oxide, rutoside (rutin), pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6), Ginko biloba extract dry concentrate from dry leaf.
Viburnum opulus, Crampbark, Dried herb sold as bark, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
David Viburnum, (Viburnum davidii), attractive leaves and flowers, separate male and female plants, garden plant, used as hedge or screen | davidoside glucoside, C15H14O4 | Adoxaceae
Forked viburnum, (Viburnum furcatum) scarlet leaved viburnum, up to 4 m, white scented flowers, black fruit, self-sterile | phenylpropanoid Furcatin C20H28O10 | Adoxaceae
Sweet viburnum, (Viburnum odoratissimum), hedging plant, East Asia, Adoxaceae
Blackhaw, (Viburnum prunifolium), plum leaf viburnum, edible berries | phenol Salicin C13H18O7 | herbal medicine, analgesic, stress-related muscle pain, Adoxaceae
Laurustinus, (Viburnum tinus), evergreen, | sugar alcohol Viburnitol C6H12O5 | popular garden plant, hedging plant. Mediterranean, Adoxaceae
Broad bean, (Vicia faba), fava bean, vetch, tare | Catechin | Fabaceae
Seed and seed pods used for food and plants used as a cover crop.
Varieties called field bean, tic bean, tick bean fed to horses.
Outer seed coat may cause the hemolytic response called favism.
Experiment: Make ink equidistant marks on the radicle to find zones of elongation.
Broad bean, Exalbuminous seed, Vicia faba (Experiments)
Broad bean, Geotropism responses in shoots
Woolly pod vetch, (Vicia villosa), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Royal water lily, (Victoria amazonica), giant water lily, huge floating leaves, nocturnal flowers, largest known water lily, South America, Nymphaeaceae
Santa Cruz water lily, (Victoria cruziana), very large floating leaves, South America, Nymphaeaceae
Pencil yam, (Vigna lanceolata), native bean, Maloga bean, parsnip bean, small yam, bush carrot, slender twining desert plant, yellow pea flowers, roots edible after baking, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Moth bean, (Vigna aconitifolia), mat bean, arid regions, grain legume, drought-resistant, India, Fabaceae
Adzuki bean, (Vigna angularuis), azuki bean, red ming bean, grain legume, in red bean paste, East Asia, Fabaceae
Hairy cowpea, (Vigna luteola), hairypod cowpea, tropical wet pasture legume, widespread, Fabaceae
Black gram, (Vigna mungo), mungo bean, urad dal, grain legume, India, Fabaceae
Shaw creeping vigna, (Vigna parken), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Mung bean, (Vigna radiata), green bean, green gram, golden gram, moong dal, Fabaceae
Bambara groundnut, (Vigna subterranea), edible pods ripen underground, West Africa, Fabaceae
Rice bean, (Vigna umbellata), ricebean, dried pulse, south Asia, Fabaceae
Cowpea, (Vigna unguiculata), black eye pea, crowder, southern bean, China pea, Kaffir pea, marble pea, drier tropics, widespread legume food crop, Fabaceae
Greater periwinkle, (Vinca major), blue leaf periwinkle, pink periwinkle, large periwinkle, perennial, evergreen, pairs of glossy dark green leaves, taller stems spread rapidly, from rooted runners, groundcover under trees, weed, herbal medicine, astringent, former laxative, poisonous, Southern Europe, Apocynaceae
Lesser periwinkle, (Vinca minor), not so tall as greater periwinkle, perennial, groundcover, herbal medicine, source of | Vincamine | Bulgaria, Apocynaceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Vinca species are called periwinkles.
Mistletoe, (Viscum album), European mistletoe, hemiparasite on different host trees, worshipped by druids, who thought it was the "ethereal tree", which increased the species by preventing sterility, traditional ancient herbal medicine, Europe, Santalaceae
Viscum album, Mistletoe, Dried herb sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Viscum articulatum, leafless parasite with flattened green stems, Santalaceae
Viscum crusiatum, red-berry mistletoe | Lupanine | Mediterranean, Syria, Santalaceae
Caesarweed, (Urena lobata), Congo jute, up to 0.5 m, perennial urena, aramina, cadillo, stems with minute star-like purols hairs. fibres for coffee sacks, invasive in USA, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Malvaceae
Bushveld signal grass, (Urochloa mosambicensis), white buffalo grass, herringbone grass, perennial, occasional pasture grass, signal grass, Poaceae
Uromyrtus tenella, small understory tree in rainforest, Australia, Myrtaceae
Lamington peach myrtle, (Uromyrtus lamingtonensis), Australia, Myrtaceae
Leafy bladderwort, (Utricularia foliosa), perennial, groundcover, lichen like, thrives in damp area and shade, carnivorous plant with capillary leaves bearing bladders to catch insects, Lentibulariaceae
Bladderwort, (Utricularia vulgaris), common bladderwort, groundcover, lichen-like plant, thrives in damp area and shade, carnivorous plant with tiny pods that trap insects, Lentibulariaceae
LentibulariaceaeH">Family Lentibulariaceae, the bladderwort family, (carnivorous), only 3 genera: Utricularia, Pinguicula and Enlisea.
Sweet violet, (Viola odorata), English violet, "violet", common violet, garden violet, blue violet, perennial, groundcover, hardy plant, fragrant flowers | perfumery Violet leaf aldehyde | herbal medicine, culinary uses, salads, desserts, dried herb sold as leaves, Croatia, Violaceae
Viola odorata, Sweet Violet, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Viola species, violets, | alpha-Irone | Piperonal | Violaceae
Field pansy, (Viola arvensis), European field pansy, two-toned fragrant flowers, invasive, Violaceae
Pansy, (Viola × wittrockiana), garden pansy, hybrid perennial used as an annual, slow growing up to 20 cm, (French pensee, thought, the flowers look like they are thinking), used for borders and hanging pots Violaceae
Native violet, (Viola banksii), wild violet, perennial, kidney-shaped leaves, richly coloured lavender/white flowers herbal medicine, culinary uses, groundcover, Violaceae
Mountain violet, (Viola betonicifolia), arrowhead violet, Australia, Violaceae
Native violet, (Viola hederacea), small plant, distinctive rounded leaves, pale mauve to white flowers, anterior petal widest towards its apex, mature seeds are brown, dark green above, pale green beneath common in Australia, rarely cultivated, groundcover, up to 150 mm, in damp shady areas, small round light green leaves, violet flowers grow in rockeries, mass plantings, pots and hanging baskets, Violaceae
Viola hederacea, Native Violet, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Wild pansy, (Viola tricolor), heartsease, pansy, (wild pansy USA), butterfly flower, herb trinity, love-in-idleness, johnny-jump-up, kiss-me-quick, tickle-my-fancy, love-in-idleness, wildflower perennial, up to 10 cm | Violaxanthin | herbal medicine, love potion, culinary uses, edible garnish, common wild flower, dried herb sold as aerials, Europe, Asia, Bulgaria, Violaceae
See diagram: Viola tricolor.
Shea butter tree, (Vitellaria paradoxa), West Africa, produces shea butter for cooking, hairdressing, soap, candles, Sapotaceae
Vitex, (Vitex melicopea), finely fluted stem, leaflet blades with yellow glands, tubular flowers, globular fruits, seed enclosed in a stone, dry rainforest, Australia, Lamiaceae
Chaste tree, (Vitex agnus-castus), chasteberry tree, monk's pepper, Abraham's balm, vitex, (Latin agnus castus chaste lamb), perennial, up to 1-3 metres, hardy plant, aromatic shrub, deciduous, hemp tree, 1-3 m, attractive fragrant violet-lavender flowers, culinary uses, aromatic leaves and flowers used in dried flower arrangements, aromatic seeds alternative to peppercorns, Agnuside, Casticin, herbal medicine, affects pituitary gland, used to treat muscular cramps, premenstrual disorders, menopause problems, do not use if taking contraceptive pill or hormone replacement therapy, reputed anaphrodisiac for men, so is called the "chaste tree", used in basket weaving, Southern Europe, Lamiaceae
Chaste Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as berries.
Dried herb is sold as berry powder.
Black plum, (Vitex acuminata), scrub vitex, up to 15 m, blue-purple to white-cream flowers, globular fruits, grows in gullies, Australia, Lamiaceae
Satinwood, (Vitex lignum-vitae), yellow hollywood, lignum-vitae, up 30 m, purple flowers, red drupe, rainforest tree, Australia, Lamiaceae
Rough fingerleaf, (Vitex madiensis), shrub, up to 5 metres, woody rootstock, black ovoid edible fruit, harvested from the wild, essential oil in leaves, Ajugasterone, Zimbabwe, Lamiaceae
Chinese vitex, (Vitex negundo), five-leaved chaste tree, nirgundi, Acerosin, Agnuside, herbal medicine, India, Lamiaceae
Chinese Vitex, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Roundleaf chaste tree, (Vitex rotundifolia), beach vitex, Agnuside, herbal medicine, premenstrual syndrome, Pacific region, Lamiaceae
Simple-leaf chaste tree, (Vitex trifolia), herbal medicine, women's health, relieve fevers, coastal east Africa, Lamiaceae
Purple vitex, (Vitex trifoliata purpurea), traditional herbal medicine, ornamental, Lamiaceae
Grape vine, (Vitis vinifera), common grape, many varieties, small vine, liana, grows to 32 m, flaky bark, alternate leaves palmately lobed, the berry fruit is called a "grape", deciduous, fruit, small, round, sweet, in bunches, used fresh, juice, jelly, grown from cuttings, grafting, Vitaceae
| Catechin | (E163 Anthocyanins), America, Europe, Asia, Vitaceae
Vitis varieties Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Grapes DPI, NSW
Gapeseed oil, extracted from the seeds of grapes, is used in cooking and cosmetics and for topical medicinal purposes.
Grapeseed oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and contains tocopherol, linolenic acid, quercetin, resveratrol, procyanidins, carotenoids, and phytosterols.
Use the cold-pressed grapeseed oil, rather than commercail products produced with hexane.
Voacanga, (Voacanga Africana), to 6 m, white flowers, green spherical fruits, seeds yellow pulp | Ibogaine | Voacangine | psychodelic effects, ataxia, used in African magic rituals, no modern medical use, major export from tropical Africa, Apocynaceae
Volvox, green algae, 9.1.4 Division Chlorophyta.
Parasitic ghost plant, (Voyria parasitica), saprophyte, up to 35 cm, no chlorophyll, leaves reduced to small scales, 5 white fused sepals, 5 white fused petals, 5 stamens, many seeded capsule, Gentianaceae
King of the Bromeliads, (Vriesea hieroglyphica), large rosette of wide, strap-shaped leaves, dark green markings, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae
Flaming sword, (Vriesea splendens), rosette of strap-shaped leaves, brown cross-bands, colourful red bracts, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae

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Genus names W
Bushy bluebell, (Wahlenbergia multicaulis), up to 0.75 m, Australian native food, Australia, Campanulaceae
Large-flowered bluebell, (Wahlenbergia stricta), Campanulaceae
Tufted bluebell, (Wahlenbergia communis, Australian native food, Australia, Campanulaceae
Wasabi, Japanese horseradish, (Wasabia japonica), (Eutrema japonicum), semi-aquatic perennial, grows naturally partly submerged or along cool mountain streams, kidney-shaped rounded green leaves, small white flowers on thin stems, hotly pungent rhizome, first grown in a pot, whole plant edible if cooked, used with sushi, stems used as pungent condiment, vapours stimulate the nasal passages more than the tongue, matures in eighteen months-two years, also leaves used in salads, curries, pickles, use small amount of finely-grated large stem with soy sauce as dipping sauce for sushi sauce, Myrosinase, Allyl isothiocyanate, and many enzymes are released by grating cell rupture, dried for a seasoning paste, or grated fresh as a garnish, Japan, Brassicaceae
Eutrema japonicum, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Commercial "wasabi" may be mainly horseradish, e.g. "S&B Wasabi, Prepared wasabi in tube. Ingredients: Horseradish, (31%), Wasabi Japonica, (4.5%).
Excessive consumption of this food may have a laxative effect.
Partly used root, stem and even whole plants can be kept in a household refrigerator for several weeks.
If overdose of wasabi, to avoid drawing irritants into the lungs, breathe only in through the nose and out through the mouth.
Extremely strong pungency from vapours that stimulate the nasal passages more than the tongue.
See diagram: Wasabi
Japan, Brassicaceae.
Wasabia japonica, Wasabi, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
American cotton palm, (Washingtonia filifera), desert fan palm, petticoat palm, fan-shaped, long-stalked, grey-green leaves with fibrous threads at ends, Arecaceae
Washington palm, (Washingtonia robusta), desert fan palm, Mexican washingtonia, sky duster, very tall distinctive palm for parks, Mexico, Arecaceae
Native rosemary, (Westringia fruticosa), coastal rosemary, Australian rosemary, hardy, stiff and bushy growth, up to 2 m and 5 m across, large type of ground-cover plant, dark even green foliage, two strap-like leaves up to 2 cm long, white flowers 2 cm across, Lamiaceae.
See diagram: Westringia fruticosa
Westringia fruticosa, Native rosemary, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Tree tumbo, (Welwitschia mirabilis), tumboa, short hollow stem with two strap-like leaves, slow growing, male and female cones, Namibia deserts, Welwitschiaceae, Phylum Gnetophyta.
Whisk-ferns, Psilotum species, Psilotopsida Division
Mountain widdringtonia, (Widdringtonia cupressoides), mlange cedar, compact shrub, South Africa, Cupressaceae
Large-leaved wilkea, (Wilkea macrophylla), Monimiaceae
Tie bush, (Wikstromia indica), bootlace bush, toxic, traditional Chinese medicine, Thymelaeaceae
Winteraceae, wintera family
Wisteria, (Wisteria floribunda 'Macrobotrys'), wisteria, (named after Caspar Wistar), poisonous pods and seeds, Fabaceae
W. floribunda ‘Macrobotrys’ are often grown over high pergolas or tunnel frames, with long flowers hanging down gracefully and form a fragrant colourful tunnel.
American wisteria, (Wisteria frutescens), very popular climbing ornamental, North America, Fabaceae
Chinese wisteris, (Wisteria sinensis), pinnate leaves, lilac-purple flowers, China, Fabaceae
Wisteria, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Withania, (Withania somnifera), Indian ginseng, ashwagandha, poison gooseberry, winter cherry, (Latin somnifera sleep inducing), ("ashva" Sanskrit: "horse", "gandha" Sanskrit: "smell", root has strong horse-like smell.), perennial, up to 60 cm, small branching shrub, 1 metre high and 75 cm wide, herbaceous plant, stems green and soft, branches and leaves downy grey fuzz, flowers small and light green, bright orange-red berry with tiny seeds, esteemed Indian folklore herbal medicine, mild sedative, primary strengthening tonic, sleeplessness, fatigue, immune system, root called "Ashwagandha", said to calm the brain, lower blood pressure, reduce pain and inflammation, alter the immune system, anti-stress "adaptogen" | 3-tropanol, (C8H15NO), Tropine | Withaferin A, (C28H38O6) | used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, easing lower back pain and sciatica, but pregnant and breast-feeding women should avoid ingesting any part of the plant, may cause severe stomach pain, fruit rich in | Saponins | as soap substitute, insect repellent, cultivated in India, Solanaceae
Withania, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as ashwagandha root.
Indian rennet, (Withania coagulans), panirband, vegetable rennet, ashutosh booti, Solanaceae
Foxtail palm, (Wodyetia bifurcate), attractive palm, long leaves, up to 10 m, large orange fruit, world-wide distribution, Australia, Arecaceae
Wodyetia bifurcate, Foxtail palm, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Wollostonia uniflora, (Melanthera biflora), straggling perennial herb, Australia, Asteraceae
Wollemi pine, (Wollemia nobilis), discovered Australia 1994, height to 36 m, now being widely and extensively propagated, Araucariaceae
Wollemia nobilis, Wollemi pine
Fire flame bush, (Woodfordia fructicosa), dhataki, herbal medicine, India, Lythraceae
Spotless watermeal, (Wolffia arrhiza), rootless duckweed, smallest known flowering plant, Lemnaceae
Coral swirl, (Wrightia antidysenterica), tellicherry bark, arctic snow, milky way plant, bark is said to have anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties, Apocynaceae
Pala indigo plant, (Wrightia tinctoria), dyers' oleander, up to 15 m, forest plant, used for traditional treatment of sickle cell anaemia, Australia, Vietnam, India, Apocynaceae

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Genus names X
Noogoora burr, (Xanthium occidentale), syn. X. pungens, X. strumarium), upright shrub, up to 2.5 m, short-lived annual, widespread weed, abundant after floods, fruits are hard, woody, spiny burrs with hooked spines containing 2 seeds, burrs an tangle in sheep fleece, injure livestock, increase wool processing costs, impede stock access to watering points, compete with crops, USA. Asteraceae
Cocklebur, (Xanthium spinosum), Bathust burr, wind pollinated, world-wide invasive weed, poisonous to humans and livestock, traditional herbal medicine, Chile, Asteraceae
Clotbur, (Xanthium strumarium), rough cocklebur, large cocklebur, woolgarie bur, traditional herbal medicine, North America, Asteraceae
Xanthium species contain glycoside toxin carboxyatractyloside which causes severe hypoglycemia and massive hepatic necrosis
Grass-tree, (Xanthorrhoea australis), black boy, blue-green leaves hang down to skirt trunk blackened by bush fires, widespread in Australia | Aloe-emodin | Asphodelaceae
Blue grass tree, (Xanthorrhoea glauca), up to 5 m, grey-blue leaves, Australian native food, Asphodelaceae
Xanthorrhoea glauca Grass tree, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Stemless grass tree, (Xanthorrhoea macronema), bottlebrush grass tree, "long thread", dwarf grass tree, Asphodelaceae
Australian grass tree, (Xanthorrhoea preissii) | Paeonol | spread of 1 m, flower spike, black trunk in later years, Asphodelaceae
Balga, (Xanthorrhoea preissii, X. reflexa) | Paeonol | Asphodelaceae
Chinese taro, Xanthosoma saggittifolium, tannia, Chinese taro, Araceae
Blue taro, (Xanthosoma violaceum), black elephants ear blue tannia, purple stem taro, pot plant or under-story filler with large dark green leaves with black veins on the back, cultivated for its edible roots and leaves. but needs thorough cooking, because of calcium oxalate crystals, tropical America, Araceae
Golden penda, (Xanthostemon chrysanthus), first love, up to 8 m, showy, dense cluster of golden yellow flowers, grown in full sun to part shade, well-drained soil, hedge, windbreak, screen or as feature tree, native flora emblem of Cairns, Myrtaceae
Little penda, (Xanthostemon verticillatus), bloomfield penda, hardy, shrub, up to 2 m, glossy dark green leaves, clusters of pale lemon flowers, prune after flowering for bushy growth, grow in moist, well-drained soils in full sun, in tubs and containers, Myrtaceae
Golden everlasting daisy, (Xerochrysum bracteatum), everlasting daisy, golden everlasting, paper daisy, straw daisy, strawflower, yellow paper daisy, garden plant, very long lasting golden yellow flowers, used as cut flowers and dried flowers, grown as an annual or perennial herbaceous shrub growing from 10-120 cm high, with multiple branches and large, soft and sometimes sticky leaves. Australia, Asteraceae
Yellow plum, (Ximenia americana), tallow wood, hog plum, sea lemon, small sprawling tree, oval-shaped bright green leaves have smell of almonds, pale flowers, lemon-yellow or orange-red fruits, plum-like taste, young leaves may be cooked as a vegetable, but contains cyanide herbal medicine to treat sore muscles and gums, roots contain tartaric acid, Australian native food, Olacaceae
Woody pear, (Xylomelum occidentale), large woody pear-shaped seed capsules, winged seeds, Australia, Proteaceae
Ethiopian pepper, (Xylopia aethiopica), evergreen, aromatic tree, up to 20 m, dried fruits (grains of Selim) used as spice / herbal medicine, (Alkaloids: | Oxophoebine | Liriodenine | Oxoglaucine | O-methylmoschatoline | Lysicamine | ornamental, Africa, Annonaceae

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Genus names Z
Zamia species, Zamiaceae, Phylum Cycadophyta.
Arum lily, (Zantedeschia aethiopica), white callas, calla lily, pig lily, lily-of-the-Nile, long-lived herbaceous plant, upright leaves, flowering stems, up to 1 m. large leathery leaves, long thick, stalks with wavy margins, perennial herb, ornamental and used in funerals, usually showy white funnel-shaped spathe with central finger-like spadix, poisonous, home garden plant, environmental weed of wetlands, Southern Africa, Araceae
Winged prickly ash, (Zanthoxylum alatum), deciduous shrub, up to 4 m, dioecious, flowers either male or female, only one sex on the plant, is not self-fertile, seed powder used as pepper substitute in Chinese 'five spice' mixture, seeds and the bark herbal remedy for fevers and other ailments, China, Rutaceae
Prickly ash, (Zanthoxylum americanum), common prickly ash, up to 10 m, membranous leaflets, axillary flower clusters, antifungal oil from bark used as folk medicine, North America, Rutaceae
Dried herb sold as bark.
West Indian satinwood, (Zanthoxylum flavum) | Psoralen | durable wood used for carving, West Indies, Rutaceae
East African satinwood, (Zanthoxylum gilletii) | Hesperidin amide and acridone alkaloids | Africa, Rutaceae
Japanese pepper, (Zanthoxylum piperitum), sansho, Japanese prickly ash | Citronellal | Linalool | Myrcene | Japan, Rutaceae
Indian prickly ash, (Zanthoxylum rhetsa), mullillam, up to 26 m, dioecious, bark and immature fruits used as spice, seeds used as black pepper, young leaves use as seasoning or are cooked, mullillam oil extracted from the fruits used for folk medicine for many ailments, India, Rutaceae
Chinese pepper, (Zanthoxylum simulans), Sichuan peppercorn, Chinese prickly ash, prickly oil, eaten with chilli peppers in Sichuan Province, China, which give a numb tingle sensation to the lips, Rutaceae
| Citronellol | Geraniol | Linalool |
Methyl cinnamate | Myrcene | Phellandrene | Pinene | Sanshool | (Chelerythrine chloride) in root) | herbal medicine, China, Rutaceae
Maize, (Zea mays, Indian corn)
Zelkova, (Zelkova carpinifolia), Caucasian zelkova, Caucasian elm, up to 25 m, fluted bole, valuable timber. street ornamental, south-west Asia and Europe, Ulmaceae
Japanese elm, ( Zelkova serrata), keaki, smooth bole, commonly planted ornamental and used in bonsai, New York "street tree", Korea, China, Japan, Ulmaceae
Autumn rain-lily, (Zephyranthes candida), fairy Lily, Peruvian swamp-lily, rain lily zephyr flower, flowering bulb, grass-like leaves, crocus-like white flowers, (houseplant), South America, Amaryllidaceae
Camas, (Zigadenus glaberrimus), large death camus, large-flowered zigadenus, sandbog, death camas, snakeroot, thick and twisted rhizome, two conspicuous glands per tepal, short-lived native perennial wildflower, large showy white flowers, 30 to 70 blooms in a panicle, grows in low elevation, contains toxic alkaloids, all parts of plant are poisonous to both humans and animals, especially dried seed and capsules, USA. Melanthiaceae
Ginger, (Zingiber officinale), Chinese ginger, Thai ginger, East Indian ginger, garden ginger, Jamaica ginger, more than 1 metre, white flowers, ginger-shaped, root, narrow leaves, similar growth and uses to greater galangal | Cineole | Galangin | folk medicine, treat coughs, Zingiberaceae
Ginger, (Zingiber officinale), garden ginger, eating ginger, herbaceous, perennial, to 1 metre, narrow green leaves, yellow flowers, deciduous, foliage dies down in late Autumn then rhizomes harvested as cooking spice, pungent flavour, not-volatile, rhizome contains phenols, mainly 6-gingerol, culinary uses, savoury and sweetener, dried ginger more pungent than fresh ginger, curries, pickles, chutneys, Chinese and Thai dishes, cakes, biscuits called "ginger nuts", gingerbread cake, ginger beer, ginger ale, as | Tincture | Cineole | Citral | Linalool | Phellandrene | , herbal medicine, ginger tea after meals to cut gas production, reduce burping and heartburn, crystalline or root ginger for motion sickness, ginger ale or ginger nut biscuit for mild nausea and vomiting, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, southern China, Nepal, Zingiberaceae
Ginger is said to have a hot, spicy and woody taste.
Ginger helps to relieve nausea and digestive issues.
Ginger reduces inflammation which may, in turn, bring relief to the pain of arthritis and muscle soreness.
Dried herb is sold as root, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
See diagram: Zingiber.
See diagram: Zingiber officinale.
[Ginger (Zingiber officinale), ornamental gingers (Alpinia sp., Hedychium sp.), crepe ginger (Costus sp.), torch ginger (Etlingera sp.)]
[Shell Ginger, (Alpinia zerumbet), (Languas speciosa, Costus zerumbet, Alpinia speciosa)]
[Red Back Australian Ginger, (Alpinia caerulea ‘Atherton’)
[Javanese ginger, (Curcuma zanthorrhiza, Curcuma xanthorrhiza), Java ginger, Javanese turmeric, Zingiberaceae
Temulawak.jpg
Myoga ginger, (Zingiber mioga), Japanese ginger, herbaceous perennial, flower buds and shoots shredded for miso soup garnish Japan, China, Zingiberaceae
Zingiber mioga, Myoga Ginger, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Beehive ginger, (Zingiber spectabilis), garden plant, beehive-shaped long lasting flowers, Zingiberaceae
Essential oils:16.3.6.7: Gingerol.
Dried herb is sold as root and root powder.
See diagram: Native ginger, (Australia), Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
See diagram: Zingiber.
See diagram: Zingiber officinale.
See diagram: Garden ginger, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Ginger, Zingiber officinale, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as root, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Zingiber officinale, Ginger QLD, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Ginger, Zingiber officinale, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Ginger, Zingiber officinale, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Zingiber officinale, Ginger QLD, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Ginger beer, "plant"
Ginger rhizome
A "galangal" is a Zingiberaceae rhizome.
Youth-and-old-age, (Zinnia elegans), common zinnia, ornamental, upright daisy-like annual, flowers profusely, grown from seed South America, Asteraceae
Small-flowered zinnia, (Zinnia pauciflora), single long-stem orange-red flowers, annual, South America, Asteraceae
Southern wild rice, (Zizania aquatica), wild rice, Indian rice, vegetable, grows on river and lake shores, Native American food. North America, Poaceae
Jujube, (Zizyphus jujuba), Chinese date, Chinese jujube, Chinese red date, shrub or small tree small, oval, yellow or brown, sweet, used fresh, dried, preserved, from cuttings, fruit red to purple black, like small dates, dried fruit Persian "annab", folk medicine, different parts used to treat different diseases and complaints including anemia, anxiety, bronchitis, cancer, diabetes, diarrhoea, fever, insomnia, liver disorders, obesity, pharyngitis, skin infections, urinary disorders, and for blood purification and improve tone of the gastrointestinal tract, Rhamnaceae
Jujube contains fatty acids, (mainly oleic, linoleic, (omega-6), palmitic, and palmitoleic acids), and also amino acids, proteins, bioactive compounds (flavonoids cerebrosides), phenolic acids (alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene), polysaccharides, Triterpenic acids, said to have anticarcinogenic and antitumor properties, Asia, Rhamnaceae
Dried Chinese date sold as whole seed.
See diagram: Zizyphus jujuba, Chinese date.
Zizyphus jujuba, Jujube, Daly's Fruit Trees.
Christ's thorn, (Zizyphus spina-christata), Queensland prohibited invasive plant, Rhamnaceae
Indian plum, (Zizyphus mauritiana), Malay jujube, Chinese apple, ber tree, masau, shrub or small tree, thorny, evergreen, weed in Australia, fruit small, oval yellow or brown, sweet, used fresh, dried, jelly, candied, evergreen, propagation from seed, Asia, Rhamnaceae
Eelgrass, (Zostera marina), sea wrack, usually submerged tidewater plant, dried leaves used for packing glass, Europe, Asia, Zosteraceae
Korean no-mow grass, (Zoysia tenuifolia), Mascarene grass, lawn grass, ground hugger, grows to only 10 cm, always green, likes moist conditions, ideal feature grass, Poaceae
Banished stink bush, (Zieria exsul), Mooloolabah Zieria, Rutaceae
Downy zieria, (Zieria cytisoides), Australia, Rutaceae
Zieria obovata, small hirsute shrub, up 1 m, understory of wet open eucalypt forest, Australia, Rutaceae
Gurgeena stink bush, (Zieria vagans), Rutaceae
Deathcamas, (Zigadenus species are poisonous to livestock), the most toxic are Nuttall's death camas, (Zygadenus nuttallii), Foothill death camas, (Zygadenus paniculatus), Meadow death camas, (Zygadenus venenosus), USA, Liliaceae
Zygnema, Spirogyra, Zygnema, Chlorophyta Division, Phylum Chlorophyta, (Zygnemataceae, Charophyta)
Christmas cactus, (Zygocactus truncatus, Schlumbergera truncata), crab cactus, flattened segments, exotic flowers, (houseplant), USA, Actaceae
Indian jujube, (Zyzyphus mauritania), Chinese date, tropical fruit tree, eaten fresh and dried or candied fruit, Ramnaceae
Arum Lily Araceae
Aroids, (spadix inflorescence inside spathe) may contain calcium oxalate raphides, e.g. calamus, coco yam, monsterio, taro.

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Genus names Y
Joshua tree, (Yucca brevifolia) yucca palm, Asparagaceae

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