Plants, Scientific names, M, N.

School Science Lessons
2023-01-04
Please send comments to: J.Elfick@uq.edu.au
(UNBiolN3MN.html)

Genus names, M, (Macfadyena to Myrsine)
Genus names N
Cat's claw creeper, (Macfadyena unguis-cati), large woody climbing vine, yellow bell-shaped flowers, leaves have 2 leaflets with 3-clawed tendril (cat's claw) growing between them, pods contain many seeds, vigorous root s and tubers, ornamental, invasive, can smother native vegetation and change soil chemistry, tropical America, Bignoniaceae
Macadamia nut, (Macadamia integrifolia), Queensland nut, bauple nut, ornamental tree, smooth shell, white flowers, most common species in cultivation usually as hybrid X (M. tetraphylla), leaves usually in whorls of three, leaves may have no marginal teeth. seed contains 70% fats, planted Brisbane City Botanic Gardens 1858, Australian native food, Australia, Proteaceae
Macadamia praealta, rainforest tree, round fruits, up to 5 cm across, one or two nuts with shells thinner than the macadamia nut, Australia, Proteaceae
Macadamia ruhelanii, rainforest tree, resembles macadamia nut, but kernel is poisonous and extremely bitter, Australia, Proteaceae
Rough-shell Queensland nut, (Macadamia tetraphylla), bush nut, prickly macadamia, up to 20 m, attractive tree, leaves mostly in whorls of four, leaf margins always toothed, hard wrinkled brown fruit shell, high sugar content, white kernel, delicious nut, used fresh, roasted, propagation from seeds, grafting, air layering, Australian native food, widely cultivated in commercial plantations usually as a hybrid, Australia, Proteaceae
Macadamia species Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
See: 5.16 Macadamia research
Macaranda tanarius, Australia, Proteaceae
Macfadyena ungis-cati, claw creeper, aggressive climber that can smother native vegetation restricted invasive plant in Queensland, tropical America, Bignoniaceae
See diagram: Macfadyena ungis-cati
Blue umbrella, (Mackinlaya macrosciadea), dwarf umbrella bush, Australia, Apiaceae
Plume poppy, (Macleaya cordata), five-seeded plume poppy, pink plume poppy | Sanguinarine, Bocconine alkaloids | China, Australia
Phasey bean, (Macroptilium lathyroides), tropical pasture forage green manure or cover crop, herbaceous twining vine, up to 1 m, trifolioate leaves, red to red-purple flowers, linear pods contain up to 20 brown seeds with brown and black markings, serious environmental invader in Australia. Fabaceae
Siratro, (Macroptilium atropurpureum), purple bush-bean, climbing, green vines, purple flowers. tropical pasture stock food, invasive in Australia, South America North America Fabaceae
Macrozamia species, Zamiaceae
Champak, (Magnolia champaca), joy perfume tree, in India strong perfumed flowers used for worship, to 30 m, Honokiol, bark used as herbal medicine, treat stress, in "Joy" perfume, (champaca essential oil, attar holy fragrance, not used for therapeutic purposes), valuable timber, cultivated ornamental, Southeast Asia, Magnoliaceae
Cucumber tree, (Magnolia acuminata), beetle-pollinated flowers, Magnoliaceae
Campbell's magnolia, (Magnolia campbelli), widely grown spectacular tree, (pink tulip tree), Magnoliaceae
Yulan magnolia, (Magnolia denudata), lilytree, deciduous, alabaster white flowers, China, Magnoliaceae
Southern magnolia, (Magnolia grandiflora, bull bay, laurel-leaved magnolia, bull bay, up to 15-20 m, thin, scaly fissured bark, fragrant showy flowers, North America, Magnoliaceae
Kobus magnolia, (Magnolia kobus), ancient magnolia, Magnoliaceae
Lily magnolia, (Magnolia liliflora), tulip magnolia, xinyin hus, nigra lily, flowered magnolia, herbal medicine, Magnoliaceae
Big leaf magnolia, (Magnolia macrophylla), Magnoliaceae
Japanese bigleaf magnolia, (Magnolia obovata), up to 30 m, large leaves used as wrapping or dishes, cup-shaped flowers with strong aroma, strong light wood used for carvings, herbal medicine, bark decoction used to prevent vomiting during pregnancy, Japan, Magnoliaceae
Willow-leaved magnolia, (Magnolia salicifolia), Magnoliaceae
Star magnolia, (Magnolia stellata), Magnoliaceae
‘Saucer magnolia’, (Magnolia soulangeana), hybrid (M. denudata x M. liliiflora), up to 9 m, bushy habit, Magnoliaceae
Magnolia soulangeana, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Magnolia virginica, (Pulmonaria virginica) Virginian bluebells, clump-forming perennial, violet-blue flowers, North America, Magnoliaceae
Saucer magnolia, (Magnolia X soulangiana), commonest magnolia in small gardens, Magnoliaceae
Magnolia x alba, (hybrid), Michelia Alba - Pak Lan. Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Mahonia aquifolium, (similar to Berberis), holly-leaved barberry, Berberidaceae
Mahonia japonica, (similar to Berberis), barberry, Berberidaceae
Small leaf bluebush, (Maireana brevifolia), Australian blue bush, cotton bush, eastern cotton-bush, short-leaf bluebush, yanga bush, up to 1 m, fruits with thin wings, fodder plant for dry seasons, used to revegetate disturbed land, Australia, Chenopodiaceae
Green kamala (Mallotus claoxyloides), smell-of-the-bush, smell-of-the-bed, odour bush, up to 11 m, green-yellow flowers form on clusters, female flowers are without petals grow on different trees, odour is offensive to some people, Australia, Euphorbiaceae
Red kamala, (Mallotus philippensis), red kamals, dry rainforest, Australia, Euphorbiaceae
Acerola cherry, (Malpighia emarginata), Barbados cherry, West Indian cherry, acerola, attractive shrub, 2-5 m in height, can be kept small with pot culture pruning and still bear fruits, many crops each year bright red cherry-like fruit, taste changes during maturity, fruit juicy and aromatic when fully ripe, sweet acid apple-like flavour previously grown for very high Vitamin C content, | vitamins A, B1, B2, and B3 | antioxidants | used fresh mainly by children, propagation from air-layering, cuttings, hedge, shallow root system so susceptible to strong winds foliage has minute, irritating stinging hairs causing allergic reaction, so prune wearing a long sleeved shirt and gloves folk medicine, liver ailments, diarrhoea, dysentery, coughs, colds, sore throat, West Indies, Central and South America, Malpighiaceae
See diagram: Acerola cherry.
See diagram: Barbados cherry.
Malpighia emarginata, Acerola Cherry, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Wild crepe myrtle, (Malpighia glabra, M. punicifolia), Barbados cherry, West Indian cherry, tasteless fruit, Malpighiaceae
Apple, (Malus pumila, Malus domestica), apple, common apple, cyanogenic glycoside | Amygdalin | in apple seeds, Rosaceae
Apple
Any fruit resembling the fruit of Malus domestica may be called an "apple".
Malus domestica, Granny Smith, Daley's Fruit Farm
An apple grown from seed, not from grafts, is called a pippin.
Apple, common apple
9.6.1 Apple, pome, (Experiment)
9.2.3 Apple, Control of evaporation by apple peel, (Experiment)
4.4.1 Apple, Prepare apple juice gel, (Experiment)
4.4.2 Apple, Prepare cider from apple juice, (Experiment)
4.3.1 Measure the amount of juice from apple mash with and without pectinase, (Experiment).
Orchid apple, (Malus pumila), medium tree, deciduous, lenticels on fruit, fruit large, sweet, used fresh, canned preserved, deciduous, propagation from grafting, Europe, England, (naturalized), Rosaceae
Pilar apple, (Malus tschonoskii), ornamental, planted in parks, Rosaceae
Crab apples, Malus sp.
Prairie crab apple, (Malus ioensis), North America, Rosaceae
Japanese crab apple, (Malus floribunda), ornamental crab apple, Rosaceae
See diagram: Malus floribunda, Crab apple.
See diagram: Malus domestica, common apple.
Chinese crabapple, (Malus prunifolia), plum-leaved crab apple, deciduous, up to 8m, white flowers, astringent fruit, flowering ornamental, apple rootstock, China, Rosaceae
Malus prunifolia Chinese crabapple, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Wild crab apple, (Malus sylvestris), European crab apple, wild tree has thorns, seeds and leaves poisonous, England, Rosaceae
Purple crab apple, (Malus X purpurea), common garden hybrid, Rosaceae
Cherry crab apple. (Malus X robusta), common garden hybrid, Rosaceae
Musk mallow, (Malva moschata), musk-mallow, up to 60 cm, herbaceous perennial, hairy stems and foliage, pink saucer-shaped flower, Europe, southwestern Asia, Malvaceae
Malva moschata, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Mallow, (Malva sylvestris), common mallow, tall mallow, perennial, hardy plant, up to 1 metre, culinary uses, herbal medicine, digestive, anti-inflammatory, laxative, Poland, Malvaceae
Malva sylvestris, Mallow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Dried herb sold as mallow flowers blue.
Mamey apple, (Mammea americana), medium to large tree, evergreen, fruit large, round, sweet to subacid, brown, used fresh, cooked, jam, preserves, propagation from seeds, grafting, West Indies, South America, Clusiaceae
Nipple cactus, (Mammillaria bocasana), spherical, hooked thorns, white hairs, red flowers white inside, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Lace cactus, (Mammillaria elongata), yellow-brown spines, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Brain cactus, (Mammillaria wildii), white thorns, long hairs, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Rose pincushion cactus, (Mammillaria zeilmanniana), up to 12 cm, rose pincushion, hooked spines, bell-shaped flowers, (houseplant), rare in the wild, Mexico, Cactaceae
White mandevilla, (Mandevilla boliviensis), Chilean jasmine, cultivar "White fantasy", ornamental, Apocynaceae
Brazilian jasmine, (Mandevilla sanderi), "scarlet pimpernel" cultivar has red flowers with yellow throat, Apocynaceae
(Mandevilla species are called rocktrumpets.)
Mandrake, (Mandrogora officinarum), European Mandrake, satan's apple, hand of glory, hallucinogenic and narcotic, tropane alkaloids | Atropine | Hyoscamine | Scopolamine | used in magic practices, herbal medicine, former anaesthetic, in Bible Genesis 30:14-22, Mediterranean region, Solanaceae
Mango, (Mangifera indica), common mango, Indian mango, large tree, fruit medium to large, variable colour, good flavour, used fresh, preserved, frozen, propagation from seeds, grafting, carotenoids, yellow-orange pigmentation from beta-carotene | Butin | Carotene epoxide | Resorcinol | Mangiferin | Rubrofusarin | Violaxanthin | herbal medicine, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, Anacardiaceae
Mango leaves contain | xanthonoids | mangiferin | gallic acid.
Mango skin contains Urushiol, (in Toxicodendron species), which can cause allergies, itchy rashes and swelling of the human skin.
Dried herb is sold as mango fruit chips.
Mangoes in subtropical winter
Mango
Kuwini, (Mangifera odorata), large tree, evergreen, easy to grow, large, oval fruit, green skin, sweet orange aromatic, pulp, used fresh, propagation from seeds, grafting, Guam, Anacardiaceae
See diagram: Mangifera indica
Mangifera species, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Cassava, (Manihot esculenta), manioc, tapioca, Euphorbiaceae
Cassava project Euphorbiaceae
Ceara rubber tree, (Manihot glaziovii), Euphorbiaceae
Bulletwood, (Manilkara bidentata), balata, ausubo, massaranduba, "cow-tree", latex used for non-elastic rubber, sticky pulp eaten, Sapotaceae
Caqui, (Manilkara kauki), wongi, wongai plum, leaves dark-green on the upper surface. but pale below, edible, orange-red fruit, Australian native food, wood used for carving, tropical Asia, northern, Australia, Sapotaceae
Manilkara kauki, Wongai Plum, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Sapodilla, (Manilkara zapota), chikoo, naseberry, sapota, chiku, nispero, chicozapote tree, medium, slow growing, fruit large, brown, sweet tang pulp, flat black seeds, used fresh, sherbets, chicle polyterpene, desert fruit, | Saponin | sap causes irritation, latex chicle used in chewing gum, propagation from seeds, grafting, herbal medicine, invasive, Mexico, Southeast Asia, Sapotaceae
Manilkara zapota, Sapodilla, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Rayan, (Manilkara hexandra), represents Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand, Sapotaceae
Arrowroot, (Maranta arundinacea), obedience plant, West Indian arrowroot, perennial, but may go deciduous in winter, hardy plant, more than 1 metre, large starchy rhizomes, source of commercial arrowroot flour, culinary uses, root raw and cooked, made into flour for thickening and baking, high nutritional value, herbal medicine, digestive aid, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Central America, Marantaceae
The edible starch from Maranta arundinacea may be called "arrowroot", may be sold as Curcuma angustifolia.
Prayer plant, (Maranta bicolor, M. cristata), round to oval leaves with brown blotches either side of main vein, (houseplant), Marantaceae
Red-veined prayer plant, (Maranta leuconeura), green prayer plant, cathedral windows, herringbone, plant rabbit tracks, slightly tubular leaves with red veins and yellow markings near main vein, leaves flat in the day, but fold up at night as in prayer, (houseplant), groundcover, harmful if eaten / skin and eye irritant | Rosmarinic Acid | Urosmarinic acid | Brazil, Marantaceae
Maranta Leuconeura variety called Maranta Kerchoveana, Maranta Rabbit’s foot, Maranta Green Stripe, has foliage pattern of mint green colour with dark green big spots that look like rabbit tracks across the midrib and silvery-blue colour on the lower side of the leaf.
Marchantia Liverworts Marchantiophyta Division.
Horehound, (Marrubium vulgare), white horehound, common horehound, hairy white, leaves, musky bitter flavour, in candies, in horehound beer soft drink, garden herb, herbal medicine, Europe, Asia, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Bush banana, (Marsdenia australis), silky pear, green vine, doubah, small fruit, Australian native food, Apocynaceae
Chamomile, (Matricaria chamomilla, M. recutita), German chamomile, camomile, wild chamomile, scented mayweed, the usual source of the herb chamomile, annual, raised from seed, self-sews drought-tolerant, up to 60 cm, multi-branched, feathery foliage, white and yellow small "daisy" flowers with apple-like fragrance, dried flowers for camomile tea, used to treat gastrointestinal problems and skin irritations, sedative grown commercially for herbal tea, self seeds to regrow each season, stems do not take root but bear many flowers and branches, Europe, Asia, Asteraceae
| Apigenin | Bisabolol | Chamazulene | α-bisabol | α-bisabol oxides A and B | Spathulenol | Farnesene | Luteolin | herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, chamomile tea used to treat acne, coughs, colds, gingivitis, headache temporary relief, hives, infant colic, indigestion, irritability, insomnia, anxiety, phobias, morning sickness, period pain, skin problems, teething problems, Asteraceae
See diagram: Chamomile flowers German Chamomile, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried Chamomile, Dried herb is sold as flowers heads, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as flowers, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Stock, (Matthiola incana) scented colourful flowers, called a "gillyflower", because it smells of clove, ornamental, Brassicaceae
Ita palm, (Mauritia flexuosa), red fruit with yellow flesh, Arecaceae
Bog moss, (Mayaca fluviatilis), aquatic plant, moss-like leaves in dense spirals, can form dense mats that block water bodies, ornamental aquarium and pond plant, invasive, North, Central and South America, Mayacaceae
Large leaf orange bark, (Maytenus bilocularis), orangebark, up to 12 m, in dry and subtropical rainforest, orange brown bark, branchlets with fine vertical ridges, stiff glossy dark green leaves, yellow fruit, black seed with orange aril, used as a screening plant, Australia, Celastraceae
Swamp mazus, (Mazus pumilio), used as groundcover, ornamental, Australia, Mazaceae
Alfalfa, (Medicago sativa), lucerne, perennial, hardy plant, green fodder, nitrogen-fixing legume, up to 1 metre, quick regrowth, used for mulch, animal and poultry fodder, liquid fertilizer, culinary uses, cut for tea, salads, sprouts can be eaten raw or cooked | Arginine | Citramalic acid, Cryptoxanthin | Homostachydrine | Liquiritigenin | Medicagenic acid triglucoside | Ononitol | Spinastrol | Succinic acid | Tricin | Trigonelline| Vitamin K 1 | herbal medicine, infusion, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae.
Dried herb is sold as aerial parts.
(Medicago species is called a "medick", or "medic"(originally from Medea, Iran), or "bur clover".)
Annual medics are temperature legumes from the mediterranean region which have become naturalised in sub tropic regions by accidental or deliberate introduction and now make a valuable contribution to grazing and grain-growing industries, e.g. bur medic, woolly bur medic, cut-leaf medic, black medic.
Annual medics usually have a hard impermeable seed coat seed coat, which softens over the years and allows them to survive drought periods.
A "burr" is usually a fruit with hooks, some burrs may injure grazing animals, medicago is usually used as a fodder or green manure plant.
Cutleaf medic, (Medicago laciniata), very early maturing, wedge-shaped leaflets as if eaten by insects, not as productive as burr medic, very palatable to livestock.
Black medick, (Medicago lupulina), nonsuch, hop clover, annual, up to 30 cm, 3 leaves, yellow flower, wide distribution, Liquiritigenin, Fabaceae.
Burr medic, (Medicago polymorpha), hairless stems and leaves, spirally coiled fruit covered with slender spines, environmental weed in Australia, Fabaceae.
Woolly burr medic, (Medicago minima), pods much smaller than burr medic, prostrate plants with many trailing branches, Fabaceae.
Snail medic, (Medicago scutellata), a sown medic, different varieties are early, mid-season and late flowering types. has the largest pods and seeds of the commercial medics, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae.
Barrel medic, (Medicago truncatula), are more suited to become permanent pasture than snail medic types and many are aphid-tolerant tropical pasture legumes, Fabaceae.
Tea tree, (Melaleuca alternifolia), paper bark tree, melaleuca, narrow-leaved paperbark, ti-trol, melasol, cork layers separate into alternate thick and degenerating thin layers, Myrtaceae
Used for commercial production of tea tree oil, ti-tree oil
See: Tea tree oil
(Melaleuca species are called bottlebrushes or tea trees)
(Species of genus Camellia, Melaleuca, Kunzea, Leptospermum, Taxandria, and Lycium may be called "tea tree".)
Tea tree oil
Melaleuca armillaris (pink), Australia, Myrtaceae
Cajeput, (Melaleuca cajeputi), white samet, paperbark tree, white tea tree, white wood, swamp tea tree, punk tree, gelam, herbal medicine, cajuput oil, Myrtaceae
Melaleuca ‘Claret Tops’, native Australian species, 1-2 M, recommended by Brisbane City Council, Myrtaceae
Swamp tea-tree, (Melaleuca irbyana), Australia, Myrtaceae
Kingaroy bottlebrush, (Melaleuca formosa), Australia, Myrtaceae
Kingaroy / Cliff Bottlebrush, (Melaleuca formosus), Australia, Myrtaceae
Robin redbreast dwarf, (Melaleuca lateritia), Australia, Myrtaceae
Weeping paperbark, (Melaleuca leucadendra), river tea tree, weeping tea tree, herbal medicine, produce pungent, volatile oil called cajeput oil, used as with clove oil, as a counter-irritant, and in liniments, Australian native food, Sulawesi, Myrtaceae
Snow-in-summer, (Melaleuca linarifolia), narrow-leaved bottlebrush ('Claret Tops'), dense and compact shrub, up to 1.5 m, claret-coloured new growth, white flowers grow in shrubberies or in containers, hedge plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Melaleuca linariifolia, Narrow-leaved Bottlebrush ('Claret Tops'), Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Narrow-leaved bottlebrush, (Melaleuca linearis), Australia, Myrtaceae
Prickly-leaf paperbark, (Melaleuca nodosa), spiny paperbark, Australia, Myrtaceae
Wallum bottlebrush, (Melaleuca pachyphylla), Australia, Myrtaceae
Lemon bottlebrush, (Melaleuca pallida), Australia, Myrtaceae
Melaleuca qauercina, Australia, Myrtaceae
Paperbark tree, (Melaleuca viridiflora), broad-leaf paperbark, (niaouli essential oil from steam distillation of twigs and leaves), Madagascar.
White bottlebrush, (Melaleuca salicina), Australia, Myrtaceae
Scented paperbark, (Melaleuca squarrosa), Australia, Myrtaceae
Melaleuca squarrosa, Scented paperbark, Southern Harvest
Thyme honey myrtle, (Melaleuca thymifolia), small hardy shrub, up to 1 metre, mauve claw-type flowers in clusters, grow in full sun with good drainage, in large pots or containers, Australia, Myrtaceae
Broad-leaved paperbark, (Melaleuca viridiflora), red flowering paperbark 'kitcha-kontoo', up to 10 m, open canopy, papery bark, spikes of cream, yellow, green red flower, 10 m, white, brownish grey bark, fruit woody capsules, described in 1788 by Daniel Solander, Australian native food, Papua New Guinea, Myrtaceae
Blue tongue, (Melastoma affine) native lasiandra, dhumulu, fast growth up to 3 m, dark green foliage, red stems, showy mauve to purple flowers, small black berries, eaten fresh, stain the mouth, ornamental garden plant, attract bees, Australian native food, Melastomataceae
Melastoma affine, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
See diagram Melastoma affine.
Asian melastoma, (Melastoma candidum), bright purple flowers, Melastomaceae
Blue tongue, (Melastoma malabathricum), Singapore rhododendron, sendudok, dull purple flowers, herbal medicine, Melastomaceae
Chinaberry tree, (Melia azedarach), white cedar, pride of India, Cape lilac, timber tree, toxic fruit if eaten in quantity, rainforest margin, invasive, Australia, Meliaceae
White cedar, (Melia azedarach), high quality timber, Australia, melianthus family, Meliaceae
Spanish lime, (Melicoccus bijugatus), genipe, limoncillo, mamoncillo, large tree, evergreen, slow growing, male and female, fruit medium, green, whitish pulp, subacid fresh, from seeds, air-layering, Tropical America, Sapotaceae
Lemon balm, (Melissa officinalis), balm, sweet balm, bee balm, heart's delight, honey plant, perennial, up to 40 cm, shiny leaves easy to grow from seed, sun to part shade, white flowers attractive to butterflies, cut back to ground after flowering so it comes back with fresh, green growth for the cooler months, with strong lemon scent, non-running mint, grows in cooler semi-shaded areas, companion plant, culinary uses, leaves in salads, with pork, lamb, chicken stuffing, soups, sweet fruit dishes, summer drinks for light lemon flavour | Citral, | Citronellal | Citronellol | Geraniol, | Linalyl acetate | herbal medicine, use leaves in sedative tea to treat stress, insomnia, students before exams, headaches, indigestion, antidepressant, astringent to dry oily skin, cream for cold sores and inflamed skin, Lamiaceae
Lemon Balm, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as aerials or "balm leaf", Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lime balm, (Melissa officinalis var. 'lime'), perennial, hardy plant, similar growth and uses to lemon balm, lime aroma, culinary uses, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Lime Balm, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Pink evodia, (Melicope elleryana, Evodia elleryana), pink-flowered doughwood, pin-flowered evodia, corkwood, butterfly tree, glossy green foliage, dark brown fruit, New Guinea, Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Australia, Rutaceae
Melicope elleryana, Australian Botanic Garden
Mokihana, (Melicope anisata), small tree, crushed leaves and fruit anise fragrance, used for leis | Citropten C11H10O4 | lethal photosensitisation, Rutaceae
Little evodia, (Melicope rubra), Australia, Rutaceae
Melicope rubra, Oxley Nursery
Yellow evodia, (Melicope xanthoxyloides), Australia, Papua New Guinea, Rutaceae
Melicope xanthoxyloides, Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
“Wu-Chu-Yu”, (Evodia rutaecarpa), Chinese medicine | appendixF.html#EvodiamineH">Evodiamine | Berberine | Rutaecarpine | China, Rutaceae
White melilot, (Melilotus albus), honey clover, white sweet clover, Bokhara clover, tropical pasture legume, sweet odour when dried, used for honey production and forage | Coumaric acid | Melilotic acid | Dicoumarol | herbal medicine, invasive, widespread use, Fabaceae.
Melilot, (Melilotus officinalis), common melilot, yellow melilot, yellow sweet clover, melilot trefoil, white clover, sweet clover, plaster clover, sweet lucerne, wild laburnum, king's clover, perennial, annual, up to 60 cm, vanilla-like fragrance when crushed, new mown hay smell, leaves contains bitter-tasting, Coumarin, may cause damp hay poisonous to cattle, Melitonin in flowers, Melilotic acid as flavouring agent, herbal medicine, flowers and flowering stems used for diuretic, throat infections, anti-inflammatory tea for congestion of the lymph system, Fabaceae.
Southern melilot, (Melilotus messanensis), Messagenin, Fabaceae.
Zig-zag vine, (Melodorum leichhardtii), climbing to rainforest canopy, evergreen shrub with large stems, orange fruit, used in sauces, Australian native food, Australia, Annonaceae
Melothria scabra, mouse melon, Mexican sour gherkin, Cucurbitaceae
Melinis minutiflora, molasses grass, pasture grass, stink grass, Poaceae
Bastard balm, (Melittis melissophyllum), ornamental, orchid-like flowers, aromatic honey-scented foliage, Europe, Lamiaceae
Water mint, (Mentha aquatica, Mentha aquatica var. citrata), bergamot mint, Eau de Cologne mint, orange mint, druid's mint, marsh mint, European watermint, perennial, strong peppermint aroma and bergamot flavouring, Menthofuran, herbal medicine, garden herb, Europe, Lamiaceae
Mentha species: mints, rubefacients (make skin red), Hesperidin, Limonene, Menthol, Menthone, Piperitone, Pulegone, Lamiaceae
Mints, spreading, perennial, best grown in separate bed or pot, pick just before use, because aroma dissipates quickly, used with lamb or pork dishes, carrots, potatoes, peas, and in desserts, herbal teas, but may increase oesophageal heartburn.
Marvellous Mints, Basilea Living Herbs.
See diagram: Mint flower.
See diagram: Peppermint 1.
Wild mint, (Mentha arvensis), field mint, corn mint, Japanese peppermint, perennial, up to 40 cm, may be deciduous, rub leaves to sniff aroma of, Menthol, Menthone, herbal medicine, volatile oil helps to clear head and chest, or infuse leaves in boiling water, put a towel over head and inhale vapour for temporary relief colds, bronchial coughs, sinus, nervous stress, headaches, chew leaves for sore throat, culinary uses, Lamiaceae
Japanese Menthol Mint, (Mentha arvensis subsp. piperascens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Asian mint, (Mentha asiatica), fragrant purple flowers, evergreen opposite phyllotaxy leaves, propagate from root cuttings not seed, Lamiaceae
River mint, (Mentha australis), Australian mint, native peppermint, native river mint, swamp mint, groundcover, herbal leaf, peppermint-like flavour, Australian native food, Lamiaceae
Native Mint, (Mentha australis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
American wild mint, (Mentha canadensis), American corn mint, Japanese peppermint, North American field mint, Lamiaceae
Hart's pennyroyal mint, (Mentha cervina), (similar to pennyroyal mint), up to 30 cm, fragrant leaves, Pulegone, in essential oil, western Mediterranean, Lamiaceae
Native mint, (Mentha diemenica), wild mint, slender mint, native peppermin, Australian native food, Lamiaceae
Native Mint, (Mentha diemenica), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, Lamiaceae
Horse mint, (Mentha longifolia), Rotundifolone, folk medicine, Europe, central Asia, Africa, Lamiaceae
Egyptian mint, (Mentha niliaca), spreading perennial, up to 90 cm, (hybrid Mentha x niliaca.), spikes of lavender flowers, propagated by root divisions and stem cuttings, invasive, Lamiaceae
Egyptian Mint, (Mentha niliaca), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Pennyroyal, (Mentha pulegium), pennyroyal mint, squaw mint, mosquito plant, crushed leaves strong smell like spearmint, culinary herb, folk remedy, strong smell like spearmint, aromatherapy oil, but toxic so use with caution, Pulegone, folk medicine, abortifacient, Europe, North Africa, Lamiaceae
Pennyroyal
Pennyroyal Mint, (Mentha pulegium), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Corsican mint, (Mentha requienii), perennial, up to 10 cm, carpet form, smalle strongly-scented oval leaves, tiny mauve flowers, peppermint aroma, invasive in United States, Corsica, Sardinia, Lamiaceae
Corsican Mint, (Mentha requienii), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Rust free mint, (Mentha rubra raripila), rust free spearmint, spicy cooling spearmint flavour, Lamiaceae
Rust Free Mint Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Sachalin mint, (Mentha sachalinensis), used in teas, easy to grow, Japan, Lamiaceae
Bush mint, (Mentha satureioides), native pennyroyal, creeping mint, clumping, perennial, groundcover, up to 20 cm, small white flowers, a "delicate" mint, edible, use fresh for salads or as a tea, fragrant Australian native folk medicine for colds and influenza, grown in pots, Australia, Lamiaceae
Apple mint, (Mentha suaveolens), woolly mint, round-leafed mint, ornamental, green and cream variegated leaves, sweet smell like pineapple, so sometimes called "pineapple mint", hardy, easy to grow, full sun, attracts bees, used to make apple mint jelly, salads, drinks.
Variegated Apple Mint, (Mentha suaveolens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Apple Mint, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Apple Mint, (variegated), Mentha suaveolens 'variegata', Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Spearmint, (Mentha spicata subsp. spicata), "mint", garden mint, common mint, lamb mint, mackerel mint. perennial, up to 20-40 cm, well-limed soil, best not planted in garden with other plants as most mints spread underground, so plant in large pot or bed just for mints, terpenes gives distinct aroma, pyridines, distinctive smell from Carvone, D-Carvone 1.8 Cineole, Limonene, Myrcene, Pinene, herbal medicine, culinary uses, with meats, gravies, mint jelly, used for mint sauce, toothpaste, chewing gum, vegetable, vinegar, drinks, serve with fruit, mints make refreshing teas, Balkan Peninsula and Turkey, naturalized in Europe and Asia, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as leaves.
Spearmint, (Mentha spicata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Mentha spicata Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Mentha varieties
Mentha X gracilis, Lamiaceae
Ginger Mint, (Mentha X gracilis), (M. arvensis X M. spicata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Ginger mint, (Mentha spicata X Mentha arvensis), Lamiaceae
Ginger Mint, Mentha spicata species, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Scotch spearmint, (Mentha X gracilis), red mint, Lamiaceae
Hung Cay Mint, (Mentha x gracilis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Peppermint, (Mentha x piperita), (watermint x spearmint), herbaceous perennial, smooth stems with square cross-section, fast growing, spreads easily so grow in pots, cut stems before flowering and hang branches to dry, older leaves give cooling sensation, chew raw leaves, used for herbal tea, mint sauce, herbal remedy, headaches, indigestion, nausea, stale breath, main components: Menthol, Menthone, Peppermint oil, Pinene, Europe, Middle East, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as leaf.
Peppermint, (Mentha X piperita), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Peppermint, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
White peppermint, (Mentha piperita officinalis), perennial, grey / green leaves, milder taste than peppermint, Lamiaceae
White Peppermint, Mentha piperita officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Candymint peppermint, (Mentha × piperita 'Candymint'), (mentha x piperita), perennial, hairy red-purple stems, aromatic leaves, crisp flavour, invasive, Lamiaceae
Chocolate mint, (Mentha X piperita), Lamiaceae
(Mentha × piperita 'Chocolate Mint'), flower opens upwards leaving bracts and elongating tip, popular confection, Lamiaceae
Up to 60 cm, spread to 60cm, large ovate dark bronze-green leaves, lilac-purple flowers open from the bottom of false whorl to top of inflorescence, aroma and flavour like peppermint with some chocolate, but some people cannot detect chocolate.
Chocolate Mint, (Mentha X piperita f. citrata 'Chocolate'), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Chocolate Mint, Mentha X piperita f. citrata, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
(Mentha × piperita 'Citrata' includes varieties such as 'Eau De Cologne Mint', 'Grapefruit Mint', 'Lemon Mint' and 'Orange Mint'.
Leaves are aromatic and hairless.
Orange mint, (Mentha X piperita var citrata), lemon mint, eau de cologne mint, strong citrus smell, Lamiaceae
Eau de Cologne Mint, (Mentha citrata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
(Mentha X piperita 'Crispa'), wrinkled leaves, Lamiaceae
Moroccan Mint, (Mentha spicata var. crispa), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Moroccan green mint, (Mentha spicata, var. Spicata), Green Mint, Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Lavender Mint', Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Lime Mint'), lime-scented leaves, Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Variegata'), green and pale yellow leaves, Lamiaceae
Whorled mint, (Mentha X verticillata), Lamiaceae
Cuban Mint, (Mentha X villosa), mojito Mint Lamiaceae
Mint, Old Fashioned Mint, (Mentha X villosa), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lemon Mint, (Mentha citrata, Mentha X piperita var. citrata), bergamot mint, Eau-de-cologne mint, citrata, horse mint, water mint, perennial, perfume-like lemon odour, used in herbal teas, herbal medicine, analgesic, antiseptic, nausea, stomach ache, not for pregnant women, Lamiaceae
Bergamot mint may refer to Eau de Cologne mint, probably a cultivar of Mentha aquatica.
See diagram Variegated Mint, Lamiaceae
Mentha x piperita, Peppermint, Daleys Fruit tree Nursery
Mentha satureioides Native Mint, Australia
Bog bean, (Menyanthes trifoliata), (monotypic), herbal medicine, buckbean family, Menyanthaceae
Dog's mercury, (Mercurialis perennis), French mercury, resembles a cactus, poisonous, Euphorbiaceae
Ice plant, (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), common ice plant, pigface, trailing ice plant, hardy ice plant, pink carpet, purple hardy ice plant, perennial, dense lawn, fleshy leaves, trailing hanging stem, magenta-pink flowers, bladder-like hairs on leaves sparkle like ice crystals, halucinogen chemicals DMT and 5-MeO-DMT in leaves, prostrate, up to 1m wide, robust succulent plant, large glistening bladder cells, water vesicles, edible leaves, densely papillose with glistening appearance so "ice-plant", on beach strands, South Africa, Aizoaceae
Mesembryanthemum conspicuum, (Lampranthus conspicuus) | Indicaxanthin | Betanin | Aizoaceae
Ice plant, (Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum), similar to M. crystallinum, but smaller parts, conspicuous bladder cells, Aizoaceae
(About 10 genera in 3 different families are called "ice plants".)
See diagram Ice plant
Medlar, (Mespilus germanica), common medlar pear, hard acidic fruit, England, (naturalized), Rosaceae
Medlar, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Sri Lankan ironwood tree, (Mesua ferrea), Indian rose chestnut, cobra's saffron, penaga, mesua, gau-gau, large hardwood tree used for Qing dynasty furniture, heavy, hard wood, herbal medicine, Myanmar, Nepal, Southeast Asia, Calophyllaceae
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, dawn redwood, Cupressaceae
Queensland golden myrtle, (Metrosideros queenslandica), ornamental tree, up to 10 m, dense foliage, showy golden heads of flowers, used as a windbreak, Australia, Myrtaceae
Ohia lehua, (Metrosideros polymorpha), Lehuapapa, foundation forest trees in wet tropical forests, Hawaii, Myrtaceae
True sago palm, (Metroxylon sagu), sac sac, rumbia, freshwater swamp plant, starchy food, roof thatch, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
Solomon ivory nut palm (Metroxylon salomonense), Hebe nut palm, Ivory-nut palm, Solomon's sago palm, scaly fruits look like snakeskin, Solomon Islands, Arecaceae
Ivory nuts, (Metroxylon warburgii), natangura palm, seeds as "vegetable ivory", Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Arecaceae
Meum, (Meum athamanticum), broad-leaved spignel, meu, baldmoney, monotypic, vegetable, folk medicine., Apiaceae
Yellow jade orchid, (Michelia champaca), up to 10 m, thin leathery leaves, India, south Asia, Magnoliaceae
Port wine michelia, (Michelia figo), champak, Magnoliaceae
Michelia x alba, fragrant white flowers, up to 17 m, thin leathery leaves, Indonesia, Magnoliaceae
Velvet tree, (Miconia calvescens), miconia, bush currant, forms invasive monocultural forests in Tahiti, Queensland restricted invasive plant, flowers several times a year and bears fruit, inflorescences large panicles white to light pink flowers, tiny purple fruits packed with tiny seeds, fruits attractive to birds, to 15 metres, purple and green large leaves up to 1 metre in length out all the space below them, attractive ornamental, Mexico, South America, Melastomataceae
See diagram: Miconia calvescens.
Micromelum grossum, Australia, Rutaceae
Micromelum minutum Lime Berry, Australia, Rutaceae
Murnong, (Microseris lanceolata), yam daisy, yellow flower like dandelion, edible tuberous roots, cooked by roasting, sweet flavour, Australian native food, Asteraceae
Weeping grass, (Microlaena stipoides), Australia
Mikania vine, (Mikania micrantha), climbing hemp vine, American rope, bitter vine, guaco, mile-a-minute vine, Australian native food, Queensland restricted invasive plant, Asteraceae
Indian beech tree, (Millettia pinnata, Pongamia pinnata), pongamia tree, karanj, Australian biofuel, Fabaceae
Tree jasmine, (Millingtonia hortensis), dried flowers used to treat lung ailments, Bignoniaceae
Sensitive plant, (Mimosa pudica), sensitive mimosa, shame plant, (touch-me-not - also Impatiens species), perennial, up to 50 cm, nastic movement, feathery leaves with leaflets responsive to touch, then resume position after about one hour, at night fold naturally, (mimosa "mimics" the motion of animals), fascinating to grow, children and adults love to touch and watch leaves fold up, culinary uses, Mimosine, Noradrenaline, Turgorin, herbal medicine, food for nervous system, poisonous seeds cause kidney damage, L-Djenkolic acid, L-Mimosine, weed, Fabaceae.
Giant sensitive tree, (Mimosa pigra), woody shrub, forms thorny impenetrable thickets, wet areas, widespread invasive plant, South America, Fabaceae
Tanjong tree, (Mimusops elengi), Spanish cherry, medlar, bullet wood, up to 16 m, shade tree, fragrant flowers, ornamental tree, valuable timber, herbal medicine, different parts used in Ayurvedic medicine mainly for dental ailments, ripe edible fruit bright red-orange, Australian native food, India, Southeast Asia, Sapotaceae
Four o'clock flower, (Mirabilis jalapa), showy four o'clock, marvel of Peru, beauty-of-the-night, Indicaxanthin, Miraxanthin I to V, Vulgaxanthin I, herbal medicine, opens in mid-to-late-afternoon and closes again the next morning, purgative, many-coloured, fragrant ornamental, Nyctaginaceae
Mauka, (Mirabilis expansa), chago, root vegetable, Andes region, South America, Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis expansa, Mauka, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Zebra grass, (Miscanthus zebrinus), perennial, hardy plant, striking green and cream, stripes cross-ways on the leaves, for landscaping, erosion control, mulch, Poaceae
Corduroy tamarind tree, (Mischarytera lautereriana), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Mischarytera lautereriana, Corduroy tamarind, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Woolly pear-fruit, (Mischocarpus ailae), Australia, Sapindaceae
Mischocarpus exangulatus, Australia, Sapindaceae
Mischocarpus lachinocarpus, Australia, Sapindaceae
Yellow pear-fruit, (Mischocarpus pyriformis), Australia, Sapindaceae
Squaw vine, (Mitchella repens), partridge berry, herbal medicine, USA, Rubiaceae
Dried herb sold as aerials.
Brewer's miterwort, (Mitella breweri), Brewer's bishop's cap, Saxifragaceae
Kratom tree, (Mitragyna speciosa), biak-biak, up to 25 m, psychoactive plant, analgesic, used to reduce fever, opioid agonist activity of its many alkaloids, Thailand, Malaysia, Rubiaceae
Gac, (Momordica cochinhinensis), red melon, baby jackfruit, bitter gourd, spring bitter gourd, orange colour, highest concentration of, β-carotenes, herbal medicine, Vietnam, Cucurbitaceae.
Momordica cochinhinensis, Gac (female), Daleys fruit Tree Nursery
Momordica species are like a climbing cucumber with a knobbly skin.
Bitter melon, (Momordica charantia), balsam gourd, bitter gourd, balsam pear, Charantin, Momordicine, Lycopene, herbal medicine, Cucurbitaceae.
Dried herb is sold as sliced fruit.
Lemon bergamot, (Monarda citriodora), lemon beebalm, purple horsemint, annual, pale purple-pink flowers, easy to grow, flowers in the subtropics, up to 50 cm, bees love flowers, companion plant, grown from tiny black seed, cuttings or root division, in rich, loose, moist soil, in full sun, but better, leaves in some shade, dormant in winter if in cold region, culinary uses, leaves with citrus-like flavour when crushed in salads, garnish, citronella, phenolic monoterpenes, thymol, wine, herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, North America and Mexico, Lamiaceae
Lemon Bergamot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
White bergamot, (Monarda clinopodia), basil bee balm, white bee balm, perennial wild flower, native to North America, Lamiaceae
Bergamot, (Monarda didyma), red bergamot, bergamot mint, beebalm, scarlet beebalm, wild bergamot, Oswego tea, (infusion from Oswega Indians), ornamental, bright whorl of scarlet flowers, but not in subtropics, herbaceous, clump-forming spreading perennial, ovate pointed leaves, forms a clump, up to 1 metre, lemon-like odour, Isosakuranetin, Monardaein, Pelargonin, Linalyl acetate, in essential oil addition to Earl Grey Tea, North America, culinary uses, young leaves in salads, cook with pork, Lamiaceae
(Monarda didyma, red bergamot has no botanic relationship to Citrus aurantium, bergamot orange, Rutaceae, in Earl Grey tea, but it smells like bergamot orange).
Bergamot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Wild bergamot, (Monarda fistulosa), bee balm, horse mint, many varieties with different odours, clumps of creeping rhizomes, common on prairies, Thymoquinone, folk medicine of native Americans, used to treat colds, North America, Lamiaceae
Spotted beebalm, (Monarda punctata), horsemint, Thymol, Folk medicine, Lamiaceae
Monbretia, (Crocosmia X crocosmiiflora), large orange flowers, invasive, noxious weed, Iridaceae
Indian mast tree, (Monoon longifolium, Polyalthia longifolia), false ashoka, up to 20 m tall, 4 m wide, pendulous swaying branches, widely planted tropical garden plant, Sri Lanka, India, Annonaceae
Monotropaceae, Indian pipe family
Fruit salad plant, (Monstera deliciosa), Mexican breadfruit, Swiss cheese plant, ceriman, shrub-like vine, climber, evergreen, large pinnate leaves, plant and unripe fruit poisonous, grown for large unusual leaves with holes in them and fruit, fruit sweet, aromatic, raphides, propagation from cuttings, seeds, Mexico, Guatemala, Araceae
Monstera deliciosa, Fruit salad plant, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
African nutmeg, (Monodora myristica), calabash nutmeg, Jamaica nutmeg, lush crown, huge, purple to deep green huge oblong leaves, fragrant blooms dangle on long cords, heavily waxy flowers, large woody syncarp fruit filled with aromatic pulp. large pungent seeds in the pulp used like nutmeg to flavour food or as folk medicine, West Africa, Annonaceae
Monodora myristica, African nutmeg, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
See diagram: Jambolan.
Indian pipe, (Montropa uniflora), ghost plant, corpse plant, white, because does not contain chlorophyll, parasitic, fungal host, Ericaceae
Bayberry, (Morella cerifera), small wax myrtle, candle berry, herbal medicine, Myricaceae
Candleberry myrtle, (Morella faya), prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Myricaceae
Noni, (Morinda citrifolia), morinda, Indian mulberry, beach mulberry, cheese fruit, used in noni soap, traditional herbal medicine, source of antioxidants | Vitamin C | potassium, phytonutrients, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial compounds, boost immune system, repair cellular damage, stone-fish wounds, digestive problems, when ripe fruit skin becomes translucent, flesh turns soft with unpleasant odour then called "starvation fruit", to control nematodes cultivate soil and keep it totally free of weeds for 2 months or use “BioAct WG” (conidia of Paecilomyces lilacinus), Southeast Asia and Pacific region, Australian native food, Rubiaceae
See diagram: Morinda citrifolia.
Morinda citrifolia, Noni, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Mosses, Bryophyta Division
Indian horseradish tree, (Moringa oleifera), drumstick tree, tree of life, (miracle tree, in Africa, because so many uses), ben tree, forest tree and cultivated tropical tree, delicate foliage, attractive pale yellow flowers, long green pods, tiny edible leaves, high concentration of vitamins C and A, calcium and protein, peeled roots used as substitute for horseradish, slender, semi-deciduous, perennial tree, to about 10 m, drooping branches, keep pruned to under 2 metres for accessible leaves subtropical and tropical climates, flowering and fruiting freely and continuously, best on a dry sandy soil, shade tree, drought-hardy, avenue tree pruned 4-5 metres, foliage has mustard flavour, used in Indian and Sri Lankan dishes. herbal medicine, used as very nutritious leaves eaten raw or added at the end of cooking of curries and stir fry dishes, eat fresh flowers, flavour like asparagus, eat beans when small and tender or chop larger pods for curries, high quality bean oil from seeds, roots have horseradish, (Amoracia rusticana), smell, India and spread to Asia, Central and South America, Africa and the Pacific, Moringaceae.
Dried Moringa leaf tea, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Drumstick tree, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Phantom tree, (Moringa ovalifera), ghost tree, herbal medicine, antibiotic substances, Namibia, Moringaceae
Velvet bean, (Mucuna pruriens), cowhage, climbing shrub, young plant covered with hairs, seed pods have itchy orange hairs containing mucanain enzyme, beans eaten, L-dopa, Dimethyltryptamine, Hydroxy-L-Tryptophan, , folk medicine, mental disorders, snakebites, tropical fodder crop, India, Fabaceae.
Dried herb is sold as seed powder.
Panama berry, (Muntingia calabura), capulin, Jamaica cherry, small tree, evergreen, attractive, fast-growing, shade tree, fruit small berry, red or yellow, sweet, aromatic, used fresh, jam, tarts, propagation from seeds, suckers, attractive fast-growing shade tree, tropical America, Muntingiaceae
Muntingia calabura, Panama berry, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Native wampee, (Murraya crenulata), Hervey Bay clausena, small tree, mass of white flowers, rare in Australia, wet tropical biome, Taiwan, Malesia, SW Pacific, Rutaceae
Murraya crenulata, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Curry leaf tree, (Murraya koenigii), large shrub or small tree, up to 6 m, main trunk brown-black covered in small white dots, attractive leafed, tree, or prune as tub specimen, culinary uses in southern India and Malaysia, mild taste not like curry, aromatic leaves used in curries, stir fries, stews, chutney, contains aromatic terpenes and carbazole alkaloids, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | Caryophyllene | Isosafrole | Pinene | Terpineol | herbal medicine, traditional folk remedy for indigestion, nausea, ornamental, hedge, India, Sri Lanka, Rutaceae
Dried herb sold as leaves.
Curry Leaf Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
See diagram: Curry Leaf Tree.
Curry Leaf Tree, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Orange jessamine, (Murraya paniculata), mock orange, small tree, small orange-red fruit, hardy hedge, bee farms, pastoral weed | Phellandrene | herbal medicine, timber for handles, Southern China, South Asia, Rutaceae
Musa species
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Black mulberry, (Morus nigra), large fruit with staining juice, large tree, 308 chromosomes, hairy lower leaf surface, Asia. Moraceae
Mulberry, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Mulberry, (Morus species), at first grow fast then slow, fruit is multiple fruit, monoecious or dioecious.
White mulberry, (Morus alba), silkworm mulberry, medium to large tree, short-lived, fast-growing, deciduous, fruit small, juicy sweet, used fresh, pies, herbal medicine, diabetes, ornamental, widely cultivated to feed silkworms, propagation from cuttings, grafting, Northern China, Turkey, Moraceae
Dried herb is sold as mulberries white whole fruit or as crumbles.
Bayberry, (Myrica cerifera), southern wax myrtle, wax myrtle, evergreen shrub, dioecious, aromatic compounds on glandular leaves and flowers so susceptible to wildfires, can fix nitrogen faster than legumes, used to make wax candles, herbal medicine, Myricaceae
Dried herb is sold as bark.
Sweetgale, (Myrica gale), bog-myrtle, herbal medicine, Europe, North America, Myricaceae
Nutmeg, (Myristica fragrans,), perennial, hardy plant, up to 1-2 metres, bee forage, musk scented leaves, moth repellent and in Cineole, Geraniol, Limonene Methyl eugenol Myrcene, Myristicin Sabinene, Safrole, herbal medicine, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, inhalant for headaches, tea, constipation, stomach ache, diarrhoea, coughs, candida, fevers, and externally as a wash for skin conditions, Sri Lanka, Lamiaceae
Nutmeg is said to have a warm-woody, sweet and slightly floral taste.
Nutmeg aids sleep and improves mood, and also has a positive effect on blood sugar and blood pressure.
Only take small amounts of nutmeg, because as it can be toxic in large doses of nutmeg oil
Dried herb is sold whole or as chips.
Mace, the thin bright red aril or lace-like covering over the shell of the nutmeg to encapsulate the endosperm, nutmeg seed, low toxicity Methyl eugenol, Myristicin Pinene Sabinene, is sold as ground mace, Lamiaceae
Australian nutmeg, (Myristica insipida), native nutmeg, Queensland nutmeg, exudate watery red bark capsule fruit with inner surface, white to yellow, Native Australian food, Myristacaceae
Myrtle, (Myrtus communis), common myrtle, culinary myrtle, fragrant and glossy, evergreen leaves, many white flowers, small tree up to 2 metres, can trim to bush size, culinary uses flavour meat, fresh berries, leaves and flowers, vitamin C, malic acid, citric acid, used for salads, cooked dishes, herbal medicine, cosmetic oil, (in Bible Nehemiah 8:15), Myrtaceae
Calabash, (Lagenaria siceraria), bottle gourd, like a round pumpkin with a very hard shell, used to make cups and dishes, Cucurbitaceae.
Luffa, loofa, vegetable sponge, (Luffa aegyptiaca, and L. acutangula), young fruit vegetable, old fibrous fruit dried and used to wash yourself, Cucurbitaceae.
Luffa aegyptiaca, Luffa
Boobialla, (Myoporum insulare), common boobialla, native juniper, blueberry tree, coastal Australia dunes and cliffs, shrub up to 6 m, salt tolerant, dull green egg-shaped leaves, white flowers with purple spots, rounded purple-black edible drupe, used for jams and jellies, coastal windbreak hedge, rootstock, Australian native food, Scrophulariaceae
Myoporum insulare, Australian National Herbarium
Creeping boobialla, (Myoporum parvifolium), creeping myoporum, boobialla, hardy, prostrate groundcover, up to 1 metre, small purple and white flowers, ornamental, in sunny well-drained position, in pots or containers, Australia, Scrophulariaceae
Waterbrush, (Myoporum montanum), boobialla, Australian native food, Australia, Scrophulariaceae
(Myoporum montanum is commonly known as waterbush.) Coastal boobialla, (Myoporum acuminatum), native myrtle, western boobialla, waterbush, pointed boobialla, mangrove boobialla
Chatham Islands forget-me-not, (Myosotidium hortensis), giant forget-me-not, Boraginaceae
Forget-me-not, (Myosotis sylvatica), woodland forget-me-not, annual or biennial, to 50 cm, from seed, first rosette of hairy green leaves, then red-green stalk, blue flowers with yellow centres, garden flower, groundcover under other plants, former herbal medicine for lung diseases and scorpions | Symphytine | widely cultivated, Europe, Boraginaceae.
Seeds of forget-me-not plants can stay dormant in the soil for up to 30 years.
Alpine forget-me-not, (Myosotis alpestris), perennial, lance-shaped leaves, bright blue flowers with yellow centres, state flower of Alaska, dried whole plant has astringent and ophthalmic uses, North America, Boraginaceae
Water forget-me-not, (Myosotis scorpioides), perennial around ponds, scorpion grass, because spiral inflorescence, bright blue flowers with yellow centres, creeping underground rhizomes form dense colonies, naturalizes on banks of still and slow-moving water, invasive weed in USA, Boraginaceae
Pedra hume caá, (Myrcia sphaerocarpa), (root extract called "pedra hume caa") | Myrcene | traditional herbal medicine, diabetes, diarrhoea, hypertension, Brazil, Myrtaceae
Jaboticaba, (Myrciaria cauliflora, Plinia cauliflora), jabuticaba, guaperu, shrub or small tree, fruit medium, round, black, sweet, used fresh, frozen, wine, propagation from seeds, grafting, purple white-pulped fruit grow on the trunk, eaten raw or used to make jellies, jams, juice or wine, Brazil, Myrtaceae
Myrciaria cauliflora, Jaboticaba, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Guava berry, (Myrciaria floribunda), small tree, attractive ornamental, fruit small, yellow, sweet aromatic pulp, or seeds, used fresh, flavourings, propagation from seeds, West Indies, Myrtaceae
Yellow jaboticaba, (Myrciaria glomerata), small shrub, ornamental, fruit yellow, sweet pulp and seeds, used fresh, propagation from seeds, subject to iron deficiency in limestone soils, Brazil, Myrtaceae
Camu camu, (Myrciaria paraensis), shrub or small tree, evergreen, slow growing, fruit small, red, acid pulp, used fresh, juice, grown from seeds, South America, Myrtaceae
Blue grape, (Myrciaria vexator), false jaboticaba, medium shrub, fruit small, purple, thin sweet flesh or seeds, used fresh, from seeds, Costa Rica, Myrtaceae
Myremecodia, ant plant, epiphyte, symbiosis with ants and fungi, Rubiaceae
Giant yellow mulberry, (Myrianthus arboreus), monkey fruit, tropical tree, up to 15, oblong fruits, edible fruits taste like pineapple, seeds and young leaves edible after boiling, traditional use for female infertility, Central Africa, Urticaceae
Myrianthus arboreus, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Eurasian water-milfoil, (Myriophyllum spicatum), prohibited species in Illinois and Michigan, its hybrids and variants are also prohibited in Minnesota and Wisconsin, in Michigan, a person cannot knowingly possess a live organism, prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Haloragaceae
Myrocarpus fastigiatus, cabreuva, cabureicica, Fabaceae
Balsum of Peru, (Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae), balsam of Tolu, Peru balsam, black balsam, China oil, Honduras balsam, beans contain Coumarin, acrid, bitter, viscous resin, exudes trunk of the tree containing a gum resin and a volatile oil, the flower has a strong fragrance, used for food and drink flavouring, but may cause allergic reaction, perfume fragrance, medicinal products, invasive, Eugenol, Nerolidol.
Peru balsam is a mounting medium for microscope specimens, refractive index of 1.597, Central America and South America, Fabaceae.
The essential oil contains, Benzyl benzoate, Benzyl cinnamyl, Cinnamic acid, Benzoic acid + resins.
Myrrhis odorata, sweet cecily, giant chervil, Spanish chervil, herbal medicine, garden herb, Apiaceae
Muttonwood, (Myrsine variabilis), Australia, Myrsinaceae
Brush muttonwood, (Myrsine howittiana), Australia, Myrsinaceae
Muttonwood, (Myrsine variabilis), Australia, myrsine family, Myrsinaceae

Genus names N
Nagi, (Nageia nagi) Podocarpaceae
Sacred bamboo, (Nandina domestica), heavenly bamboo, (it is not a bamboo Bambusoideae!), perennial, up to 1-2 metres, green / bronze / red ferny leaves | Berberine | Cyanohydrin, (C14H17NO3) | traditional herbal medicine, can release toxic HCN, Berberidaceae
Narcissus, daffodil, jonquil, white-yellow conspicuous flowers have six petal-like tepals and cup- shaped corona, isoquinoline aljaloids, Amaryllidaceae
Jonquil, (Narcissus jonquilla), Mediterranean daffodil, widely cultivated, yellow or white fragrant short-tubed clustered flowers, Amaryllidaceae
Poet's narcissus, (Narcissus poeticus), pheasant's eye, poet's daffodil, possible the narcissus of Greek legends, Amaryllidaceae
Daffodil, (Narcissus pseudonarcissus), wild daffodil, asphodel, narcissus, joss flower, lent lily, Easter lily, starch in fleshy bulb scales, poisonous bulbs, well-known European flower, Amaryllidaceae
Bunch-flowered narcissus, (Narcissus tenzetia), Chinese sacred lily, joss flower, | Orcinol, CH3C6H3(OH)2 | Amaryllidaceae
Spikenard, (Nardostachys jatamansi), nard, musk root, all heal, rose-purple flowers, up to 1 m, pink, bell-shaped flowers, aromatic, amber colour essential oil distilled from crushed rhizome, ancient incense, (Bible, Mark 14:3), herbal medicine, eastern Himalayas, Caprifoliaceae.
Narthecium americanum, bog asphodel, yellow asphodel, Liliaceae
Narthecium ossifragum, bog asphodel, Nartheceaceae
Mexican feathergrass, (Nassella tenuissima), Angel hair grass, fine-stem needle grass, pony tails, texas tussock grass, tufted long-lived grass, upright growing, up to 70 cm tall, slender linear leaves, open seed-head, slender branched panicle with many flower spikelets borne singly, very long bent and twisted awn, grows in dense clumps, pastures and bushland, unpalatable to stock and reduces pasture quality, contaminates hay and grain, hard to get rid of, Poaceae
Chilean needle grass, (Nassella neesiana), perennial tussock, up to 1 m, one of Australia's worst weeds, invasive, South America, Poaceae
Serrated tussock, (Nassella trichotoma), needle grass, bunch grass, reduces productivity of pasture, fire hazard, invasive, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Peru. Poaceae
Watercress, (Nasturtium officinale), yellowcress, rapidly growing perennial, up to 30 cm, hollow stems float in shallow water of cool streams, water, pinnately compound leaves, needs well-limed soil, grow in pot at back door so close, for daily use, culinary uses raw and cooked, rich source of vitamins, iron, potassium, iodine, calcium germanium, culinary uses as garnish and in salads and stir-fries, Gluconasturtiin, herbal medicine, Brassicaceae.
Watercress, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Nauclea, (Nauclea esculenta), small tree, evergreen, fruit medium, red, firm sweet pulp, many tiny seeds, used fresh, grown from seeds, West Africa, Rubiaceae
African Peach, (Nauclea latifolia), deciduous shrub or tree, up to 30 m, edible fruit, used as a febrifuge and cure for coughs, | Strictosamine alkaloid | Tramadol opioid analgesic, C16H25NO2 | West Africa, Rubiaceae
Leichhardt tree, (Nauclea orientalis), large tree, globular yellow flowers, yellow cheesewood, fruit edible. but not palatable, rainforest, Northern Australia, Rubiaceae
Neea psychotrioides, saltwood, pigeon plum, nia, edible fruit, herbal medicine, Nyctaginaceae
Lotus, (Nelumbo nucifera), sacred lotus, Indian lotus, red lily, (water lily, water bean) | Liensinine | Nuciferine | herbal medicine, Nelumbonaceae
Dried herb sold as whole flowers.
White bolly gum, (Neolitsea dealbata), little laurel, Australia, Lauraceae
Neolitsea dealbata, White bolly gum, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Glycine, (Neonotonia wightii), tinaroo, perennial soybean, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Blushing bromeliad, (Neoregelia carolinae), epiphyte, leaves form broad rosette, like a vase, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae
Heartleaf twayblade, (Neottia cordata), lesser twayblade, uncommon, easily not seen, because close to ground, Europe, Orchidaceae
Bird's nest orchid, (Neottia nidus-avis), Orchidaceae
Tropical pitcher plant, (Nepenthes ampullaria), narrow-lid pitcher plant, rainforests, carpets of speckled green-red-brown leaves develop upright jug-like red-brown tubes, digests leaf litter and frog excreta not insects herbal medicine, New Guinea, Malaysia, Nepenthaceae
Slender pitcher plant, (Nepenthes gracilis), all parts poisonous | Histamine | Nepenthaceae
"Devouring plant" (Nepenthes khasiana), pitcher plant, blue fluorescence to attract insects, India, Nepenthaceae
Catmint, (Nepita cataria), catnip, cat mint, Nepetalactone essential oil contains, Pulegone, insect repellent, attracts cats, "detestable to all except cats" herbal medicine, Asia, Lamiaceae
Six Hills Giant Catmint, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Nepita X racemosa), See text below Description.
Catmint Walkers Blue, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Nepita X faasseni racemosa).
Catnip, (Nepita cataria), catmint, perennial, 50 cm, hardy plant, white flowers, some cats like it so use dry leaves for cat toys, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Catnip, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Rambutan, (Nephelium lappaceum), medium tree, evergreen, male and female trees or hermaphroditic, fruit medium, red, yellow or white sweet pulp, edible
aril, covered with fleshy spines, used fresh, preserved, propagation from seeds, grafting, herbal medicine, Southeast Asia, Sapindaceae
Nephelium lappaceum, Rambutan, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Pulasan, (Nephelium mutabile), large tree, evergreen, fruit small, oval, leathery red skin, translucent sweet flesh, seed, used fresh, from seeds, needs warm climate, Malaysia, Sapindaceae
Nephelium mutabile, Pulasan, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Water mimosa, (Neptunia oleracea and Neptunia plena), aquatic nitrogen-fixing legume, perennial weed that attaches to bank of freshwater pools at water's edge, sensitive leaflets, yellow ball-shaped flowers, releases nitrogen into water which increases algal blooms and growth of other water weeds, e.g. water hyacinth, water lettuce and salvinia, in tropical Asia farmed as a water vegetable, Mexico, Central America and northern parts of South America, Fabaceae
"Guernsey lily", (Nerine sarniensis), spider lily, bulb plant, up to 45 cm, strap-shaped leaves, scarlet lily-like flowers, alkaloids include lycorine and tazettine, larvicide against Aedes aegypti, ornamental, not from Guernsey, but from South Africa, Liliaceae
Indian oleander, (Nerium indicum), Indian oleander, sweet-scented oleander, karaviram, herbal medicine | Nerioderin | Oleandrin | Neviin | Andynerin | entire plant poisonous especially leaves, India, Apocynaceae
Oleander, (Nerium oleander), ornamental shrub, leathery, willow-like leaves, cardiac glycosides, oleandrin, entire plant poisonous especially leaves, water used in vases of oleander can be poisonous, Apocynaceae
Coral bead plant, (Nertera granadensis), mound-forming, creeping stem, small rounded leaves, white then orange berries, (houseplant), Rubiaceae
Manyflower tobacco, (Nicotiana acuminata) | Anabasine | Argentina, Chile Solanaceae
Nicotiana species: | Anabasine | Miosmine | Nicotine | entire plant poisonous, Solanaceae
Night-scented tobacco, (Nicotiana alata), winged tobacco, jasmine tobacco, ornamental, perfumed plant, South America, Solanaceae
Tree tobacco, (Nicotiana glauca), leaves attached to stalk by petioles, leaves and stems not pubescent nor sticky, Native American medicine to treat wounds, inflamed throat | Anabasine | ingestion can be fatal, invasive weed, South America, Solanaceae
Peruvian tobacco, (Nicotiana glutinosa), vigorous, upright, sticky, hairy annual, large dark grey-green leaves, open bell-shaped panicles, coral-pink flowers, toxic if ingested, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru.
Glutinosone | 2-Ketoepimanool | Sclareol | all parts poisonous, garden plant, used to treat tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco by creating a new tetraploid hybrid species N. digluta, South America, Solanaceae
Aztec tobacco, (Nicotiana rustica), grown for | Nicotine | production as insecticide, (smoked in some countries), Solanaceae
Native tobacco, (Nicotiana sauveolens), erect herb, to 1.5 m high, Leaves 20 cm long, petiole usually narrowly winged, panicle-like inflorescence, flowers on pedicels corolla white, ovoid capsule, to ovoid-ellipsoid, 7–12 mm long; seeds wrinkled, the only Nicotiana species native to outside Americas, Australian native food, Solanaceae
Tobacco plant, (Nicotiana tabacum), cultivated tobacco, annual, up to 2.5 m, large green leaves, trumpet-shaped, white-pink flowers, all parts sticky with glandular hairs exudate containing nicotine,
See diagram: Nicotine.
See diagram: Nicotine.
| Acetosyringone
| Anatabine | N-Caffeolputrescine | Capsidiol | Carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate | Debneyol | Isovaleric acid | Myosmine | Nicotine | Nicotyrine | Nornicotine | Rishitin | RuBisCo | Scopolamine | Scopolin | Solavetivone | Spermidine | Tryptamine | used in leaf ontogeny studies, Solanaceae
Nidularium billbergioides citrinum, rosette forming, epiphytic, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae
Nidularium fulgens, rosette forms vase with tubular white and purple flowers, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae
Nidularium innocentii, undersides of leaves purple, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae
Nidularium innocentii, bird's nest bromeliad, Bromeliaceae
Love-in-a-mist, (Nigella damascena), ragged lady, devil-in-a-bush, love-in-a-puzzle, black seeds, ornamental, herbal medicine, Ranunculaceae
Nigella, (Nigella sativa), onion seed, gith, chernushka, (US), blackseed, Roman coriander, (confusing names: black caraway, "black cumin"), black onionseed, black sesame, nutmeg flower, (fennel flower - but not related to "fennel"), used in India, small black angular seeds sprinkled on bread | alpha-Hederin | Carvacrol | Pinene | Thymoquinone | herbal medicine, black seed oil, may be anti-cancerous, garden herb, Egypt, Ranunculaceae
Dried herb sold as whole seed.
See diagram: Black Cumin seed
Smooth stonewort, (Nitella flexilis), freshwater algae, axes up to 1 mm wide, large cell size, cultivated in the laboratory, Charophyceae, Characeae
Stoneworts are complex algae that look like higher plants. Nitella clavata, (Protoplasmic streaming can be observed.).
Nitre bush 1, (Nitraria billardierei, formerly Nitraria schoberi), dillon bush, karambi, wild grape, dry land shrub, up to 2 m, hermaphrodite, perennial, salt-tolerant shrub, up to 2 m, small ovoid or oblong purple-golden drupe, edible fruit, taste like "salty grapes", used to make jam, fruit the size of an olive, red colour, can grow in saline soils, Australian native food, Nitrariaceae
Nitre bush 2, (Nitraria retusa), salt tree, salt-tolerant desert shrub, up 2.5 m, small white-green, fragrant flowers, small edible red fruit, Africa, Nitrariaceae
Nitraria species, thorny shrubs, alternate and entire fleshy leaves, flowers, loose cymose inflorescences, bisexual, pentamerous, yellow tor white, juicy drupe, Eurasia, Nitrariaceae
Black palm, (Normanbya normanbyi), Australia, Arecaceae
Normanbya normanbyi, Black palm, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Nothofagus alpina, rauli, (a southern beech), Andes mountains, Nothofagaceae
Nothofagus antarctica, antarctic beech tree, (a southern beech), Andes mountains, Nothofagaceae
Nothofagus obliqua, roble beech, (a southern beech), Northern Europe, Nothofagaceae
Nothoscordum bivalve, crow poison, Liliaceae
Nothoscordum fragrans, onion weed, Liliaceae
Nothoscordum gracile, fragrant false garlic, Liliaceae
Notocactus apricus, spherical ribbed, very spiny, yellow flowers, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Notocactus ottonis, stiff spines, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Native olive, (Notelaea microcarpa), gorge mock olive, velvet mock olive, small-fruited mock olive, crooked tree, up to 10 m tall, velvety young branchlets, harvested and used for dried fruit, directly sown on rehabilitation sites, grows in Eucalyptus woodland understory. Australia, Oleaceae
West Australian Christmas tree, (Nuytsia floribunda), native tree or shrub, vivid yellow/orange flowers, hemiparasite, largest parasitic plant in the world, Western Australia, Loranthaceae
Water lily, (Nymphaea macrosperma), white water lily, herbal medicine, leaf has very thin cuticle and aerenchyma, air chambers, anchored to the mud below, young leaves poisonous | Nelumbine | Anonaine | Armepavine | Australian native food, Nymphaeaceae
African tiger lotus, (Nymphaea maculata), red tiger lotus, water lily, Africa, Nymphaeaceae
Purple lily, (Nymphaea violacea), floating perennial herb, grows from a rhizome in the mud, leaves dark green above and purple or pale green beneath, smooth, blue or white flowers on long stalks up to 30 cm above the water surface, may be propagated from seed or division of the rhizomes, Australia, Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae, water lily family
Tupelo, (Nyssa sylvatica), black gum, deciduous tree, moderate size, ornamental bark, deep green foliage, clusters of small blue egg-shaped berries, ornamental shade tree, North America, Cornaceae
Nipah palm, (Nypa fruticans), mangrove palm, grows as a mangrove in tidal estuaries, Pacific islands, Arecaceae