School Science Lessons
2024-01-04
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(UNBiolN3SS.html).
Genus names, SS, ( Symphytum to Syzygium)

Table of contents
Comfrey, (Symphytum officinale), true comfrey, common comfrey, up to 1 metre, hardy plant, leaves over 30% protein mulch, compost, liquid fertilizer, animal food, poultry food, culinary uses, eaten raw and cooked, Vitamin B12, cyanocobalamin, (C63H88CON14O14P), rich in potash and nitrogen, herbal medicine, leaves and roots ointment, poultices, useful culinary herb, but stock poison | Allantoin, Retronecine | Echimidine | Heliosupine, Lasiocarpine | Lithospermic acid, Rosmarinic Acid | Symphytine | folk medicine, suitable for herbal infusion, but roots contain toxic | Pyrrolizidine, alkaloids, may cause liver damage, Boraginaceae.
| Symphytum x uplandicum, Comfrey, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
| Dried herb is sold as comfrey leaf.
| Dried herb is sold as comfrey root powder |.
Comfrey is a strong plant with very deep roots that mine minerals from the lower layers of the soil.
A fertilizer can be made from using chopped leaves steeped in water for 3-6 weeks, called "comfrey tea".
Symphytum officinale, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Comfrey bocking 14, (Symphytum uplandicum), cultivar of Russian comfrey, valued for high potash content and very high yields, add leaves to the compost, rots down quickly and adds nutrients and speeds up the decomposition of other materials, culinary uses, herbal medicine, Europe, Boraginaceae.
Russian comfrey, (Symphytum uplandicum), rough comfrey, perennial, vitamin B 12, rich in potash and nitrogen, valuable for mulch, in compost and liquid fertilizer, leaves over 30% protein, animal, poultry food, leaves and roots, herbal medicine, made as ointment, poultices culinary uses, raw and cooked, culinary uses, herbal infusions, Europe, Boraginaceae.
Turpentine tree, (Syncarpia glomulifera), luster, red luster, to 50 m, small creamy white flowers, turpentine smell from crushed leaves, small amount of oleoresin in the inner bark, timber has high silica content, resistant to marine borers, windbreak and shelter, feature tree in parks and gardens, durable temper, cultivated, Australia, Myrtaceae
Syncarpia glomulifera, Turpentine Tree, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Satinay, (Syncarpia hillii), Fraser Island turpentine, to 30 m, 1 m diameter stem, brown, bark, fibrous and fissured timber tree, Myrtaceae
"Mikado", (Syngonanthus chryanthus), small aquatic perennial, forms small dense rosettes, up to 15 cm high, small golden-looking flowers with white petals, houseplant, South America, Eriocaulaceae
Miracle fruit, (Synsepalum dulcificum), "miraculous berry", perennial, evergreen, small tree, up to 1.5 metres, hardy plant but needs cold protection, evergreen, shade tree, small, oval purplish fruit is one-seeded fleshy berry, often cultivated, culinary uses, fresh, fruit, makes sour things taste sweet caused by miraculin glycoprotein, which affects sour taste buds so acidic substances taste sweet, high nutritional value, seed grown, Africa, Sapotaceae
Synsepalum dulcificum, Miracle Fruit, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Snowbush, (Synostemon albiflorus), showy sauropus, shrub, up to 2m, small white flowers throughout the year, garden plant, Australia, Phyllanthraceae
Scentless rosewood, (Synoum glandulosum), small tree, up to 7 m, distinctive orange-red fruit and seeds, Australia, Meliaceae
Synsepalum species, Sapotaceae
Syngonium podophyllium, arrowhead vine, goosefoot plant, "Syngonium", foot-shaped compound leaves, woody climber to 18 m, poisonous flowers, (houseplant), Araceae
Syringa vulgaris, French lilac tree | Eleutheroside | in bark, ornamental tree, Oleaceae
Lilly pilly, (Syzygium smithii, formerly Acmena smithii), common lilly pilly, coast satinash, lilly pilly satinash, small leaf lilly pilly, monkey apple (New Zealand), magenta cherry, brush cherry, hardy, evergreen, rainforest tree, up to 20 m, glossy dark green leaves, spikes of feathery cream flowers at the ends of branches, white to purple tasteless or apple flavour berries, used as, windbreaks or hedges butlitters pavements or walk-ways, used in jams, timber, cultivars selected for cultivation, street tree, ornamental, fire retardant plant, timber called ""lillipilli satinash", Australian native food, Myrtaceae
(More than one Syzygium species may be called "lilly pilly"!) Lilly Pilly varieties: Cascade, Cherry Puff, Coolamon, Magenta Cherry, Red Apple
Syzygium fruit are often called a "jambu".
See diagram: Lilly pilly.
Lilly pilly, Logan River Tree Farm
Lilly pilli, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Syzygium species, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Paperbark satinash, (Syzygium alliiligneum), onionwood satinash lilly pilly, large, white, fluffy flowers, ornamental, red flesh succulent fruits in clusters, screen plant, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Syzygium alliiligneum, Onionwood satinash lilly pilly, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Aniseed myrtle, (Syzygium anisatum), anise myrtle, ringwood, aniseed tree, up to 45 m, aromatic leaf with undulated margins, panicles of white scented flowers, white dry papery capsules, aniseed-liquorice aroma and taste, antimicrobial essential oil contains Anethole and Methyl chavicol, Australian native food, used in in cooking and tea, flavoring agent, natural preservative, cultivated in plantations, Australia, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Aniseed myrtle.
Syzygium anisatum, Aniseed Myrtle, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Water apple, (Syzygium aqueum), water cherry, watery rose apple, rose apple, lau lau, small tree, evergreen, masses of highly decorative, delicious red fruit, seedless or seed, used fresh, rare plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Clove, (Syzygium aromaticum), clove gillyflower, evergreen, up to 12 m, grown from seeds, air-layering, cloves are dried aromatic flower buds picked just before they open then dried, large leaves, crimson flowers, buds up to 2 cm long are red when ready for harvest, pungent flavour and aroma, antimicrobial, food preservative, high concentration of antioxidants, cuisine uses, in spice mixes to flavour meat and sweets, Indonesian kretek cigarettes contains phenolic compounds, mainly, Casuarictin, Eugeniin, Eugenol, Caryophyllene, Eugenol acetate, Gallic acid, Tellimagrandin, Vanillin, traditional herbal medicine, digestion disorders, coughs, sinuses, excessive gas bloating, topical application for rheumatism and inflammation, attractive ornamental, Madagascar, originally from Maluku Islands, Indonesia, Myrtaceae
Dried herb is sold as clove flower bud whole.
Syzygium aromaticum, Cloves, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
See diagram: Syzygium aromaticum.
Clove oil, oil of cloves, essential oil, (C7H12ClN3O2), 205.642 g/mol, from flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum trees which contains about 85%, Eugenol, has both analgesic and antiseptic properties, numbs nerve endings, in mouth washes, used to treat tooth and gum pain.
Brush cherry, (Syzygium australe), scrub cherry, tucker bush cherry, creek lilly-pilly, creek satinash, watergum, compact shrub, up to 3 metres high x 1.5 metres wide, foliage is compact, glossy green to bronze new growth, white flowers then berries, to 10 m, in forest so shade tree for cattle, non-invasive roots, used for hedges and screens, topiary, Myrtaceae
Brush cherry Syzygium varieties:
Brush cherry, var. 1 (Syzygium australe, 'hinterland gold lilly pilly'), medium height, fast growing dense shrub with mid-sized glossy golden leaves, compactly arrayed, flushes several times a year with fresh new growth, screen, hedge and topiary plant, grows to 4 m and 1.5 m wide, fluffy flowers, red berries, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium australe.
Brush cherry, var. 2 (Syzygium australe, 'Southern Form''), small shrub, up to 4 m tall, dense crown, leaves are opposite, elliptic in shape, 2.5 long with the apex shortly narrowed to a fine point, Myrtaceae
Upper surface is dark green and glossy, lower surface is paler.
Flowers are white and are borne in small clusters at the ends of branches, occurring in April and October, in Australia.
The fruits are a berry, pink to purplish-red in colour and are elliptic to rounded in shape to 2 cm long.
Fruiting occurs in both early summer and early winter (December and June, Australia).
Bark is brown and scaly.
Fruits are succulent with a crisp texture and a pleasant, tangy flavour and can be eaten raw or made into jam or cordial.
Plants are suitable for a screen or wind break.
Syzygium australe, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Syzygium australe, Tucker Bush
Bamaga satinash, (Syzygium bamagense), structural timber, Australia, Myrtaceae
Boonjee satinash, (Syzygium boonjee), up to 30 cm, tropical garden plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Lockerbie satinash, (Syzygium brandershorstii), wood used for instruments, succulent fruit, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Myrtaceae
Watergum, (Syzygium buettnerianum), up to 30 cm, bright pink flowers, Australia, Myrtaceae
Yellow satinash, (Syzygium canicortex), structural timber called Yellow satinash, Australia, Myrtaceae
Giant lau lau, (Syzygium megacarpum), grows at a rapid rate reaching up to 6-7m with enough water, long glossy leaves, bright red fruit, crisp apple-like flavour, very popular in Papua New Guinea, Myrtaceae
Lilly Pilly 'Sour cherry', (Syzygium corynanthum), sour cherry lilly pilly, bright red when in fruit, pale green new growth, attractive tree, dense crown so an ideal shade tree, slow growing so suits containers, Myrtaceae
Syzygium corynanthum, Lilly Pilly 'Sour cherry', Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Purple cherry, (Syzygium crebrinerve), purple cherry lilly pilly, up to 40 m, large buttress, masses of white flowers, fruits every second or third summer, tasteless large brightly-coloured purple fruit, spectacular ornamental, hardy, in full sun, frost-tolerant, bright red new growth, Myrtaceae
Plum satinash lilly pilly, (Syzygium cryptophlebium), up to 10 m in domestic gardens, bushy tree with large leaves, bright pink and weeping when new, dark green when mature; small fluffy off-white flowers, and dark purple edible fruit in autumn, timber called "plum satinash", Myrtaceae
Malabar plum (Syzygium cumini), jamum, jambolan plum, Java plum, Portuguese plum, black plum, purple plum, Indian blackberry, wax jambu, attractive tree, esteemed by Buddhists, often planted near Hindu temples, grown from seeds, grafting, large tree, evergreen, fast growing, shade tree, medium plum-like purple fruit, frost sensitive when young then hardy windbreak tree, tolerates flood and dry periods, prefers tropical regions from sea level to 600 m then fruits prolifically, fruit eaten fresh or used to make pies, sauces, jams, juices, astringent jelly, used juice, wine, naturalized Hawaii, popular South America, weed by bird seed dispersal, South Asia, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Jambolan.
Syzygium cumini, Jambolan plum, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Johnstone River satinash, (Syzygium erythrocalyx), rainforest tree, up to 10 m, large broad elliptical leaves, prominent veins, red new growth, edible red fruit up to 4. cm wide, cultivated, apple-like flavour, used in preserves and beverages, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Apricot satinash, (Syzygium fibrosum), fibrous satinash, rain cherry lilly pilly, attractive tree, creamy-yellow flowers, attract birds, many bright pink-red edible fruits usually with no seed, used in jams and preserves, rainforest understory tree, Papua New Guinea, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium fibrosum.
White apple, (Syzygium forte), flaky barked satinash, millable logs called Flaky-barked satinash, Australia, Myrtaceae
Rose satinash, (Syzygium francisii), giant water gum, over 30 m, shade tree, Australia, Myrtaceae
Broad-leaved lilli pilly, (Syzygium hemilamprum subsp. hemilamprum), blush satinash, cassowary gum, Eungella gum, timber called Blush satinash, Australia, Myrtaceae
Red lilly pilly (Syzygium hodgkinsoniae), up to 11 m, highly perfumed large cream flowers, Australia, Myrtaceae
Red apple, (Syzygium ingens), southern satinash, up to 40 m, ornamental, Australia, Myrtaceae
Rose satinash, (Syzygium johnsonii), timber called Rose satinash, Australia, Myrtaceae
Rose apple, (Syzygium jambos), Malabar plum, attractive evergreen ornamental, fast growing, medium shade tree, glossy narrow leaves, dark red new growth, fruit, round, pale yellow, sweet "rose petal" flavour, unique taste, fruiting for about 6 months each year, white fluffy flowers attract bees and birds, beautiful ornamental plant, aromatic fruits in 3-4 years from seed, used fresh, candied, preserves, susceptible to myrtle rust, East Indies, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Rose apple.
Syzygium jambos, Rose apple, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Johnstone River satinash, (Syzygium erythrocalyx), scarlet satinash, red bud satinash, Daintree satinash, Johnstone River apple, rainforest tree, up to 10 m, large elliptical soft leaves, red new growth, large quantities of large edible red fruit tastes like apples, cultivated, large garden, used for beverages, Australia, Myrtaceae
Weeping lilly pilly, (Syzygium floribunda), hardy, evergreen tree, ornamental tree, clusters of white flowers, green round fruits, must trim regularly for colourful new growth and bushy plant grow in sunny open position in well-drained soil, dense screen plant, windbreak or large container plant, weeping habit, garden tree, Australia, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium floribunda.
Giant water gum, (Syzygium francisii), trunk usually with large diameter buttress, canopy spread may be same distance as height, can be cultivated ornamental. but too large for households, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium francisii.
Syzygium francisii, Giant water gum, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Grey satinash, (Syzygium gustavioides), watergum, up to 40 m, up to 1.8 m diameter, hardwood, used for construction framework and furniture, Australia, Myrtaceae
Java plum, (Syzygium javanicum), wax jambu, large tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit, medium, red, sweet, watery, used fresh, preserves, grown from seeds, East Indies, Myrtaceae
Cherry satinash, (Syzygium luehmanii), cherry alder, small-leaved lilly pilly, grows 5-10 metres in rainforest, garden hedging plant, mostly seedless fruit, taste like mix of cardamon, cinnamon and cloves, pink young foliage, popular street and screen tree, attracts birds, windbreak, fire retardant, erosion control, needs well-drained soil, grows in full sun and part shade, select seedless or small-seeded trees for planting, forms fruit in 3-4 years, large fruit harvests reported, masses of red pear-shaped fruit, purple-red growth, edible hedge, fruit slightly acidic, like cinnamon, used in wild-food dishes, harvested for commercial purposes and fruit marketed as “Riberry”, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
This species is already being harvested for commercial purposes. The fruit is marketed as “Riberry”. See diagram: Syzygium luehmannii.
See diagram: Riberry.
Syzygium luehmanii, Riberry, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Powderpuff lilly pilly, (Syzygium wilsonii), Myrtaceae
Cascade lilly pilly, (Syzygium luehmannii x wilsonii), hybrid species, powderpuff, it has pale pink flowers, pale pink fruits, used in hedges, variety 'Cherry puff', Myrtaceae
Macilwraith range bark, (Syzygium macilwraithianum), no commercial value, Australia, Myrtaceae
Pink satinash, (Syzygium malaccense), malay apple, mountain apple, hardy plants, attractive fast growing evergreen tree, up to 6 m, large red, sweet, watery, pear-shaped fruit, culinary uses fresh, preserves, herbal remedy, grown from seeds, air-layering, large, dark-green glossy leaves, large red-purple clusters of tassel-like flowers, deep-red oval fruit, thin skin, white crispy flesh, aromatic, sweet mild flavour, hardy plant, but needs tropical humid climate, water-logging tolerant, most soil types, eaten fresh. but best as stewed dessert, make wines, said to be the "best eating fruit" in Australia, Southeast Asia, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Malay apple.
Giant lau lau, (Syzygium megacarpa), Myrtaceae
Syzygium megacarpa, Palmtalk
Syzygium megacarpa. Giant lau lau, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Satinash, (Syzygium monimioides), up to 20 m, Australia, Myrtaceae
Daintree satinash, (Syzygium monospermum), up to 17 m, Australia, Myrtaceae
Coolamon lilly pilly (Syzygium mooreii), 'Coolamon tree', durroby, up to 25 - 30m, rainforest tree, need to plant in rich soil with adequate moisture, attractive red-pink flowers, large edible fruit, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium mooreii.
Syzygium mooreii, Coolamon lilly pilly, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Blue lilly pilly, (Syzygium oleosum), spongy delicate purple fruit, aromatic, sweet slightly ginger or turpentine flavour, glossy green leaves, many large oil glands so distinctive smell when crushed unlike other lilly pilly plants, fruit unusual blue colour, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium oleosum.
Syzygium oleosum, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Syzygium oleosum, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Magenta lilly pilly, (Syzygium paniculatum), rainforest tree up to 15 m, long slightly-ovate dark glossy leaves, clusters of white flowers, magenta or white or pink or purple large fleshy fruit easily cultivated, appreciated edible wild fruit with sour apple-like taste, eaten fresh or used in jams, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Paperbark satinash, (Syzygium papyraceum), magenta cherry, red papery bark for bark painting, commercial timber, Australia, Myrtaceae
Lipote, (Syzygium polycephalum), ornamental tree, fruits along its branches, pink-purple new growth, dark purple almost black fruits, subacid, Philippines, Myrtaceae
Syzygium polycephalum, Lipote, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Claudie satinash, (Syzygium pseudofastigiatum), up to 35 m, structural timber, Australia, Myrtaceae
Wax jambu, (Syzygium samarangense), Java apple, wax apple, rose apple, fast-growing ornamental tree, | Spilanthol | fruit red or pink or white, waxy skin, crisp white flesh, sweet and tasty, attractive red-pink pear-shaped fruit, white waxy skin, sensitive to cold, protect from frosts when young. Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium samarangense.
Syzygium samarangense, Wax jambu, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Pink satinash, (Syzygium sayeri), commercial timber, Australia, Myrtaceae
"Lilly pilly", (Syzygium smithii, formerly Acmena smithii), common lillipilli, summer-flowering, winter-fruiting evergreen tree dark green leaves, spikes of feathery flowers, and white to purplish edible berries, commonly cultivated, street tree, timber called ""lillipilli satinash", Australia, Myrtaceae
(More than one Syzygium species may ne called "Lilly pilly"!) Rolypoly satinash, (Syzygium suborbiculare), useful shade tree, large cream flowers, large pink-red fruits, Australia, Myrtaceae
Red bush apple, (Syzygium suborbiculare), lady apple, understory tree, up to 20 m, white flowers with many stamens, smooth broad oval leaves, flattened-globular fleshy edible fruit prominently ribbed, large seed, eaten raw, herbal medicine, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
River cherry, (Syzygium tierneyanum), Bamaga satinash, medium tree, dense foliage, coppery new growth, whitish flowers, edible fruit, hardy, Australian native food, commercial timber, Australia, Myrtaceae
Syzygium tierneyanum, Lilly pilly 'River Cherry', Daleys Fruit Tree nursery
Powderpuff lilly pilly, (Syzygium wilsonii), 1-3 metres, clusters of bright scarlet-pink, fluffy red "pom pom" flowers, culinary uses, white fruit too sour to eat raw, small to medium pendulous shrub, new foliage attractive bright pink, large crimson flowers in large fluffy heads, Myrtaceae
Syzygium wilsonii, Powderpuff lilly pilly. Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Powder-puff lillipilliy, (Syzygium luehmannii x wilsonii), popular ornamental shrub, Australia, Myrtaceae
Syzygium luehmannii x wilsonii, Powder-puff lillipilli. Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Ouricury palm, (Syagrus coronata), licuri palm, aricuri palm, long lived, adherent leaf bases form spiral up trunk, Brazil, Arecaceae