School Science Lessons
2024-12-18
(UNBiolN3M
Genus names, M, (Macadamia to Myrsine)
Please send comments to: j.elfick@uq.edu.au
Contents
Macadamia nut, (Macadamia integrifolia), Queensland nut, bauple nut, ornamental tree, smooth shell, white flowers, most common species in cultivation usually as hybrid X (M. tetraphylla), leaves usually in whorls of three, leaves may have no marginal teeth. seed contains 70% fats, planted Brisbane City Botanic Gardens 1858, Australian native food, Australia, Proteaceae
Macadamia integrifolia, ANPSA, Australia
Macadamia ruhelanii, rainforest tree, resembles macadamia nut, but kernel is poisonous and extremely bitter, Australia, Proteaceae
Rough-shell Queensland nut, (Macadamia tetraphylla), bush nut, prickly macadamia, up to 20 m, attractive tree, leaves mostly in whorls of four, leaf margins always toothed, hard wrinkled brown fruit shell, high sugar content, white kernel, delicious nut, used fresh and roasted, propagation from seeds or grafting or air layering, Australian native food, widely cultivated in commercial plantations usually as a hybrid, Australia, Proteaceae
Macadamia species Daleys Fruit Trees
Nursery.
See: 5.16 Macadamia research
Cat's claw creeper, (Macfadyena ungis-cati), funnel creeper, aggressive climbing vine, woody stems, dark green leaves, yellow flowera, that can smother native vegetation, restricted invasive plant in Queensland, tropical America, Bignoniaceae.
See diagram: Macfadyena ungis-cati
Cat's claw creeper, (Macfadyena ungis-cati),Weeds, Brisbane
Five-seeded plume-poppy, (Macleaya cordata), pink plume poppy, sheart=shaped leaves, antifungal | Dihydrosanguinarine, C20H15NO4 | China, Papaveraceae.
Siratro, (Macroptilium atropurpureum), purple bean, perennial herb, deep swollen taproot, trailing and climbing stems, deep purple flower with red tinge, brown=black seeds. tropical pasture legume, North America Fabaceae.
Siratro, DAF
Macrozamia species, Zamiaceae
Burgundy bean, (Macroptilium bracteatum), tropical pasture legume, deep rooted, drought tolerant, good seeder, mosaic virus resistance, (two cultivars: Cadarga and Juanita), seeds sold as pre-inoculated and pelleted, Fabaceae
Cowpea, (Macroptilium lathyroides), phasey bean,erect herb, trifoliate leaves, red-purple flowers, fruit twist repeatedly along their length, brown-black seeds introduced and planted as a pasture legume but environmental weed in Queensland, Australia, Fabaceae
Johnson's cycad, (Macrozamia johnsonii), Cycadophyta Division
Acerola cherry, (Malpighia emarginata), Barbados cherry, West Indian cherry, acerola, attractive shrub, 2-5 m in height, can be kept small with pot culture pruning and still bear fruits, many crops each year bright red cherry-like fruit, taste changes during maturity, fruit juicy and aromatic when fully ripe, sweet acid apple-like flavour previously grown for very high Vitamin C content | vitamins A, B1, B2, and B3 | antioxidants | used fresh mainly by children, propagation from air-layering or cuttings, shallow root system so susceptible to strong winds, foliage has minute irritating stinging hairs causing allergic reaction, prune wearing a long sleeved shirt and gloves, folk medicine used to treat liver ailments, diarrhoea, dysentery, coughs, colds, sore throat, West Indies, Central and South America, Malpighiaceae.
See diagram: Barbados cherry.
See diagram: Acerola cherry.
Malpighia emarginata, Acerola Cherry, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Wild crepe myrtle, (Malpighia glabra, M. punicifolia), Barbados cherry, West Indian cherry, tasteless fruit, Malpighiaceae
Apple, (Malus pumila, Malus domestica), apple, common apple
The cyanogenic glycoside | Amygdalin | is in apple seeds, Rosaceae
Apple
Any fruit resembling the fruit of Malus domestica may be called an "apple".
Malus domestica, Granny Smith, Daley's Fruit Farm
An apple grown from seed, not from grafts, is called a pippin.
Apple, common apple
9.6.1 Apple, pome, (Experiment)
9.2.3 Apple, Control of evaporation by apple peel, (Experiment)
4.4.1 Apple, Prepare apple juice gel, (Experiment)
4.4.2 Apple, Prepare cider from apple juice, (Experiment)
4.3.1 Measure the amount of juice from apple mash with and without pectinase, (Experiment).
Orchid apple, (Malus pumila), medium tree, deciduous, lenticels on fruit, fruit large, sweet, used fresh or canned or preserved, deciduous, propagation from grafting, Europe, England, (naturalized), Rosaceae
Pilar apple, (Malus tschonoskii), ornamental, planted in parks, Rosaceae
Crab apples
Japanese crab apple, (Malus floribunda), ornamental crab apple, Rosaceae
See diagram: Malus floribunda, Crab apple.
See diagram: Malus domestica, common apple.
Chinese crabapple, (Malus prunifolia), plum-leaved crab apple, deciduous, up to 8m, white flowers, astringent fruit, flowering ornamental, apple rootstock, China, Rosaceae
Malus prunifolia Chinese crabapple, Daleys Fruit Trees
Wild crab apple, (Malus sylvestris), European crab apple, wild tree has thorns, seeds and leaves poisonous, England, Rosaceae
See diagram: Apple.
See diagram: Crab apple.
Mamey apple, (Mammea americana), medium to large tree, evergreen, fruit large, round, sweet to subacid, brown, used fresh, cooked, jam, preserves, propagation from seeds, grafting, West Indies, South America, Clusiaceae.
Nipple cactus, (Mammillaria bocasana), spherical, hooked thorns, white hairs, red flowers white inside, (houseplant), Cactaceae.
Rose pincushion, (Mammillaria zeilmanniana), hooked spines, bell-shaped flowers, (houseplant), Cactaceae.
White mandevilla, (Mandevilla boliviensis) Chilean jasmine, cultivar "White fantasy", ornamental, Apocynaceae.
Brazilian jasmine, (Mandevilla sanderi), "scarlet pimpernel" cultivar has red flowers with yellow throat, Apocynaceae.
Bulletwood, (Manilkara bidentata), balata, ausubo, massaranduba, "cow-tree", latex used for non-elastic rubber, sticky pulp eaten, Sapotaceae
Caqui, (Manilkara kauki), wongi, wongai plum, leaves dark-green on the upper surface. but pale below, edible, orange-red fruit, Australian native food, wood used for carving, tropical Asia, northern, Australia, Sapotaceae
Manilkara kauki, Wongai Plum, Daleys Fruit Trees.
Sapodilla, (Manilkara zapota), chikoo, naseberry, sapota, chiku, nispero, chicozapote tree, medium, slow growing, fruit large, brown, sweet tang pulp, flat black seeds, used fresh, sherbets, chicle polyterpene, desert fruit, | Saponin | sap causes irritation, latex chicle used in chewing gum, propagation from seeds, grafting, herbal medicine, invasive, Mexico, Southeast Asia, Sapotaceae
Manilkara zapota, Sapodilla, Daleys Fruit Trees.
Rayan, (Manilkara hexandra), represents Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand, Sapotaceae
Arrowroot, (Maranta arundinacea), obedience plant, West Indian arrowroot, perennial, but may go deciduous in winter, hardy plant, more than 1 metre, large starchy rhizomes, source of commercial arrowroot flour, culinary uses, root raw and cooked, made into flour for thickening and baking, high nutritional value, herbal medicine, digestive aid, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Central America, Marantaceae
The edible starch from Maranta arundinacea may be called "arrowroot", may be sold as Curcuma angustifolia.
Prayer plant, (Maranta bicolor), round to oval leaves with brown blotches either side of main vein, (houseplant), Marantaceae.
Red-veined prayer plant, (Maranta leuconeura), green prayer plant, cathedral windows, herringbone, plant rabbit tracks, slightly tubular leaves with red veins and yellow markings near main vein, leaves flat in the day, but fold up at night as in prayer, (houseplant), groundcover, harmful if eaten / skin and eye irritant
| Rosmarinic Acid | Urosmarinic acid | Brazil, Marantaceae
Marantaceae, arrowroot family, prayer plant family.
Maranta rabbit’s foot, (Maranta Leuconeura var. M. Kerchoveana), Maranta green stripe, has foliage pattern of mint green colour with dark green big spots that look like rabbit tracks across the midrib and silvery-blue colour on the lower side of the leaf.
Marchantia Liverworts Marchantiophyta Division.
Marchantia, liverworts, (Marchantiophyta)
Bush banana, (Marsdenia australis), silky pear, green vine, doubah, small fruit, Australian native food, Apocynaceae.
Stock, (Matthiola incana) "gillyflower", (French "giroflée" clove), swwetly scented smell of clove, peennial, used to make wine, ornamental, used for cut flowers, garden bedding plants. and folk medicine, Europe, North Africa, Brassicaceae
Gillyflower may refer different scented flowering plants, e.g. carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), wallflower (Cheiranthus cheiri). Dame’s Gillyflower, (Hesperis matronalis); Mock Gillyflower, (Saponaria officinalis)
Blue tongue, (Melastoma affine), native lasiandra, dhumulu, fast growth up to 3 m, dark green foliage, red stems, showy mauve to purple flowers, small black berries, eaten fresh, stain the mouth, ornamental garden plant, attract bees, Australian native food, Melastomataceae.
Melastoma affine, Blue tongue, Daley's Fruit Trees.
See diagram Melastoma affine.
Singapore rhododendron, (Melastoma malabathricum), sendudok, dull purple flowers, herbal medicine, Melastomaceae.
Chinaberry tree, (Melia azedarach), pride of India, Cape lilac, white cedar, timber tree, toxic fruit if eaten in quantity, rainforest margin, invasive, Australia, Meliaceae.
Spanish lime, (Melicoccus bijugatus), genipe, limoncillo, mamoncillo, large tree, evergreen, slow growing, male and female, fruit medium, green, whitish pulp, subacid fresh, from seeds, air-layering, Tropical America, Sapotaceae.
Mokihana, (Melicope anisata), small tree, crushed leaves and fruit anise fragrance, used for leis | Citropten C11H10O4 | lethal photosensitisation, Rutaceae.
Melinis minutiflora, molasses grass, pasture grass, stink grass, Poaceae.
Zig zag vine, (Melodorum leichhardtii), rainforest, climbing to rainforest canopy, evergreen shrub with large stems, orange fruit, used in sauces, Australian native food, Annonaceae.
Bog bean, (Menyanthes trifoliata), (monotypic), herbal medicine, Menyanthaceae. buckbean family
Dog's mercury, (Mercurialis perennis), French mercury, resembles a cactus, poisonous, Euphorbiaceae.
Medlar, (Mespilus germanica), common medlar pear, hard acidic fruit, England, (naturalized), Rosaceae.
Medlar, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Sri Lankan ironwood tree, (Mesua ferrea), Indian rose chestnut, cobra's saffron, penaga, mesua, gau-gau, large hardwood tree used for Qing dynasty furniture, heavy, hard wood, herbal medicine, Myanmar, Nepal, Southeast Asia, Calophyllaceae.
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, dawn redwood, Cupressaceae.
Redwood trees, (Sequoia species), Pinaceae
True sago palm, (Metroxylon sagu), rumbia, freshwater swamp plant, starchy food, roof thatch, up to 75 m, multiple-stemmed, major source of sago starch. large upright terminal inflorescence. lowland swamp forests, starch obtained from the trunk before flowering by washing the starch kernels out of the pulverized pith, tropical southeastern Asia. Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae.
Soloman ivory nut palm, (Metroxylon salomonense), scaly fruits look like snakeskin, Solomon Islands, Arecaceae.
Ivory nuts, (Metroxylon warburgii), natangura palm, seeds as "vegetable ivory", Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Arecaceae.
Miconia calvescens, velvet tree, miconia, bush currant, forms invasive monocultural forests in Tahiti, Queensland restricted invasive plant, flowers several times a year and bears fruit, inflorescences large panicles white to light pink flowers, tiny purple fruits packed with tiny seeds, fruits attractive to birds, to 15 metres, purple and green large leaves up to 1 metre in length out all the space below them, attractive ornamental, Mexico, South America, Melastomataceae.
See diagram: Miconia calvescens.
Microseris lanceolata, murnong, yam daisy, yellow flower like dandelion, edible tuberous roots, cooked by roasting, sweet flavour, Australian native food, Asteraceae.
Mikania micrantha, mikania vine, climbing hemp vine, American rope, bitter vine, guaco, mile-a-minute vine, Queensland restricted invasive plant, Asteraceae.
Millettia pinnata, (Pongamia pinnata), Indian beech tree, karanj, Australian biofuel, Fabaceae.
Millingtonia hortensis, tree jasmine, dried flowers for lung ailments, Bignoniaceae.
Mimusops elengi, tanjong tree, Spanish cherry, medlar, bullet wood, up to 16 m, shade tree, fragrant flowers, ornamental tree, valuable timber, herbal medicine, different parts used in Ayurvedic medicine mainly for dental ailments, ripe edible fruit bright red-orange, India, Southeast Asia, Australian native food, Sapotaceae.
Corduroy tamarind tree, (Mischarytera lautereriana), Australian native food, Sapindaceae.
Corduroy tamarind, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Mitchella repens, partridge berry, squaw vine, herbal medicine, Rubiaceae.
Mitella breweri, Brewer's miterwort, Brewer's bishop's cap, Saxifragaceae.
Mitragyna speciosa, kratom tree, contains many alkaloids, Rubiaceae.
Monbretia, (Crocosmia X crocosmiiflora), large orange flowers, invasive, noxious weed, Iridaceae.
Fruit salad plant, (Monstera deliciosa), Mexican breadfruit, Swiss cheese plant, ceriman, shrub-like vine, climber, evergreen, large pinnate leaves, plant and unripe fruit poisonous,
grown for large unusual leaves with holes in them and fruit, fruit sweet, aromatic, raphides, propagation from cuttings, seeds, Mexico, Guatemala, Araceae.
Monstera, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Montropa uniflora, Indian pipe, ghost plant, corpse plant, white does not contain chlorophyll, parasitic, fungal host, Ericaceae.
Morella cerifera, bayberry, small wax myrtle, candle berry, herbal medicine, Myricaceae.
Morella faya, candleberry myrtle, prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Myricaceae.
Noni, (Morinda citrifolia), Indian mulberry, beach mulberry, cheese fruit, used in noni soap, traditional herbal medicine, source of antioxidants | Vitamin C | potassium, phytonutrients, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial compounds, boost immune system, repair cellular damage, stone-fish wounds, digestive problems, when ripe fruit skin becomes translucent, flesh turns soft with unpleasant odour then called "starvation fruit", Southeast Asia and Pacific region, Australian native food, Rubiaceae.
See diagram: Morinda citrifolia.
Noni, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Murraya koenigii, curry leaf tree, Rutaceae.
Murraya paniculata, orange jessamine, Rutaceae.
Banana tree, (Musa basjoo), non-fruiting species, useful fibre, herbal medicine, China, Musaceae.
Musa domestica, Banana Project, Musaceae.
Abaca, (Musa textilis), manila hemp, fibres outer part of leaf stalks, Musaceae.
Boobialla, (Myoporum insulare), , common boobialla, native juniper, blueberry tree, coastal Australia dunes and cliffs, shrub up to 6 m, salt tcamu camu,olerant, dull green egg-shaped leaves, white flowers with purple spots, rounded purple-black edible drupe, used for jams and jellies, coastal windbreak hedge, rootstock, Australian native food, Scrophulariaceae.
Creeping boobialla, (Myoporum parvifolium), hardy, prostrate groundcover, up to 1 metre, small purple and white flowers, ornamental, grow in sunny well-drained position or in pots or containers, Scrophulariaceae.
Giant forget-me-not, (Myosotidium hortensis), Chatham Islands forget-me-not, Boraginaceae.
Myrcene |
traditional herbal medicine, diabetes, diarrhoea, hypetension Brazil, Myrtaceae.
Jaboticaba, (Myrciaria cauliflora), shrub or small tree, fruit medium, round, black, sweet, used fresh, frozen, wine, propagation from seeds, grafting, Brazil, Myrtaceae.
Guava berry, (Myrciaria floribunda), small tree, attractive ornamental, fruit small, yellow, sweet aromatic pulp, or seeds, used fresh, flavourings, propagation from seeds, West Indies, Myrtaceae.
Yellow jaboticaba, (Myrciaria glomerata), small shrub, ornamental, fruit yellow, sweet pulp and seeds, used fresh, propagation from seeds, subject to iron deficiency in limestone soils, Brazil, Myrtaceae.
Camu camu, (Myrciaria paraensis), shrub or small tree, evergreen, slow growing, fruit small, red, acid pulp, used fresh, juice, grown from seeds, South America, Myrtaceae.
Blue grape, (Myrciaria vexator), false jaboticaba, medium shrub, fruit small, purple, thin sweet flesh or seeds, used fresh, from seeds, Costa Rica, Myrtaceae.
Ant plant, Myremecodia, , epiphyte, symbiosis with ants and fungi, Rubiaceae.
,
Myrianthus arboreus, tropical tree, up to 15m high, oblong fruits, Central Africa, Moraceae.
Eurasian water-milfoil, (Myriophyllum spicatum), prohibited species in Illinois and Michigan, its hybrids and variants are also prohibited in Minnesota and Wisconsin, in Michigan,
a person cannot knowingly possess a live organism, prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Haloragaceae.
Nutmeg, (Myristica fragrans), nutmeg and mace spices, garden herb, dioecious | Myristicin | Myristacaceae.
Australian nutmeg, (Myristica insipida), nutmeg, native nutmeg, Queensland nutmeg, exudate watery red bark capsule fruit with inner surface, white to yellow, Native Australian food, Myristacaceae.
Sweet cecily, (Myrrhis odorata), giant chervil, Spanish chervil, herbal medicine, garden herb, Apiaceae.
Cat's claw creeper, (Macfadyena unguis-cati), large woody climbing vine, yellow bell-shaped flowers, leaves have 2 leaflets with 3-clawed tendril (cat's claw) growing between them, pods contain many seeds, vigorous roots and tubers, ornamental, invasive, can smother native vegetation and change soil chemistry, tropical America, Bignoniaceae
See diagram: Macfadyena ungis-cati
Blue umbrella, (Mackinlaya macrosciadea), dwarf umbrella bush, Australia, Apiaceae
Plume poppy, (Macleaya cordata), five-seeded plume poppy, pink plume poppy | Sanguinarine, Bocconine alkaloids | China, Australia
Phasey bean, (Macroptilium lathyroides), tropical pasture forage green manure or cover crop, herbaceous twining vine, up to 1 m, trifolioate leaves, red to red-purple flowers, linear pods contain up to 20 brown seeds with brown and black markings, serious environmental invader in Australia. Fabaceae
Siratro, (Macroptilium atropurpureum), purple bush-bean, climbing, green vines, purple flowers. tropical pasture stock food, invasive in Australia, South America North America Fabaceae
Campbell's magnolia, (Magnolia campbelli), widely grown spectacular tree, (pink tulip tree), Magnoliaceae
Champak, (Magnolia champaca, Michelia champaca), joy perfume tree, light gray trunk, rounded crown usually trimmed into a lollypop shape, thin leathery leaves, yellow/orange fragrant flowers used to make perfumes, small purpke fruits, in India strong perfumed flowers used for worship,
| Honokiol | bark used as herbal medicine, used to treat stress, in "Joy" perfume, (champaca essential oil, attar holy fragrance, not used for therapeutic purposes), valuable timber, cultivated ornamental, Southeast Asia, Magnoliaceae
(Champaca is the origin of the word shampoo because perfumed petals used to make hair oil)
Southern evergreen magnoliaMagnolia grandiflora, , laurel-leaved magnolia, bull bay, up to 15-20 m, thin scaly fissured bark, fragrant showy flowers, southeast North America, Magnoliaceae.
Southern magnolia, (Magnolia grandiflora, bull bay, laurel-leaved magnolia, bull bay, up to 15-20 m, thin, scaly fissured bark, fragrant showy flowers, North America, Magnoliaceae
Lily magnolia, (Magnolia liliflora), tulip magnolia, xinyin hus, nigra lily, flowered magnolia, herbal medicine, Magnoliaceae
Japanese bigleaf magnolia, (Magnolia obovata), up to 30 m, large leaves used as wrapping or dishes, cup-shaped flowers with strong aroma, strong light wood used for carvings, herbal medicine, bark decoction used to prevent vomiting during pregnancy, Japan, Magnoliaceae
‘Saucer magnolia’, (Magnolia soulangeana), hybrid (M. denudata x M. liliiflora), up to 9 m, bushy habit, Magnoliaceae
Magnolia soulangeana, Daleys Fruit Trees
Magnolia virginica, (Pulmonaria virginica) Virginian bluebells, clump-forming perennial, violet-blue flowers, North America, Magnoliaceae
Saucer magnolia, (Magnolia X soulangiana), commonest magnolia in small gardens, Magnoliaceae
Magnolia x alba, (hybrid), Michelia Alba - Pak Lan. Daleys Fruit Trees
Magnolia virginica, (Pulmonaria virginica) Virginian bluebells, clump-forming perennial, violet-blue flowers, North America, Magnoliaceae.
Magnolia X soulangiana, saucer magnolia, commonest magnolia in small gardens, Magnoliaceae.
Mahonia aquifolium, (similar to Berberis), holly-leaved barberry, Berberidaceae
Mahonia japonica, (similar to Berberis), barberry, Berberidaceae
Small leaf bluebush, (Maireana brevifolia), Australian blue bush, cotton bush, eastern cotton-bush, short-leaf bluebush, yanga bush, up to 1 m, fruits with thin wings, fodder plant for dry seasons, used to revegetate disturbed land, Australia, Chenopodiaceae
Green kamala (Mallotus claoxyloides), smell-of-the-bush, smell-of-the-bed, odour bush, up to 11 m, green-yellow flowers form on clusters, female flowers are
without petals grow on different trees, odour is offensive to some people, Australia, Euphorbiaceae
Red kamala, (Mallotus philippensis), red kamals, dry rainforest, Australia, Euphorbiaceae
Musk mallow, (Malva moschata), musk-mallow, up to 60 cm, herbaceous perennial, hairy stems and foliage, pink saucer-shaped flower, Europe, southwestern Asia, Malvaceae
Malva moschata, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Mallow, (Malva sylvestris), common mallow, tall mallow, perennial, hardy plant, up to 1 m, culinary uses, herbal medicine, digestive, anti-inflammatory, laxative, Poland, Malvaceae
Malva sylvestris, Mallow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Dried herb sold as mallow flowers blue.
Malvidin | Methylodoratol | Odoratol | Pelargondin | Petunidin | toxic seeds, used in genetics experiments by Reginal Punnett, (inventor of "Punnett square"), Italy, Fabaceae.
Mamey apple, (Mammea americana), medium to large tree, evergreen, fruit large, round, sweet to subacid, brown, used fresh, cooked, jam, preserves, propagation from seeds, grafting, West Indies, South America, Clusiaceae
Nipple cactus, (Mammillaria bocasana), spherical, hooked thorns, white hairs, red flowers white inside, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Lace cactus, (Mammillaria elongata), yellow-brown spines, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Brain cactus, (Mammillaria wildii), white thorns, long hairs, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Rose pincushion cactus, (Mammillaria zeilmanniana), up to 12 cm, rose pincushion, hooked spines, bell-shaped flowers, (houseplant), rare in the wild, Mexico, Cactaceae
White mandevilla, (Mandevilla boliviensis), Chilean jasmine, cultivar "White fantasy", ornamental, Apocynaceae
Brazilian jasmine, (Mandevilla sanderi), "scarlet pimpernel" cultivar has red flowers with yellow throat, Apocynaceae
(Mandevilla species are called rocktrumpets.)
Mandrake, (Mandrogora officinarum), European Mandrake, satan's apple, hand of glory, hallucinogenic and narcotic, tropane alkaloids | Atropine
| Hyoscamine | Scopolamine | used in magic practices, herbal medicine, former anaesthetic, in Bible Genesis 30:14-22, Mediterranean region, Solanaceae
Mango, (Mangifera indica), common mango, Indian mango, large tree, fruit medium to large, variable colour, good flavour,
used fresh, preserved, frozen, propagation from seeds, grafting, carotenoids, yellow-orange pigmentation from beta-carotene
| Butin | Carotene epoxide
| Resorcinol | Mangiferin |
Rubrofusarin | Violaxanthin | herbal medicine, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, Anacardiaceae
Mango leaves contain | xanthonoids | mangiferin | gallic acid.
Mango skin contains Urushiol, (in Toxicodendron species), which can cause allergies, itchy rashes and swelling of the human skin.
Dried herb is sold as mango fruit chips.
Mangoes in subtropical winter
Mango
Kuwini, (Mangifera odorata), large tree, evergreen, easy to grow, large, oval fruit, green skin, sweet orange aromatic, pulp, used fresh,
propagation from seeds, grafting, Guam, Anacardiaceae
See diagram: Mangifera indica
Mangifera species, Daleys Fruit Trees
Cassava, (Manihot esculenta), manioc, tapioca, Euphorbiaceae
Cassava project Euphorbiaceae
Ceara rubber tree, (Manihot glaziovii), Euphorbiaceae
Marchantia Liverworts Marchantiophyta Division.
Horehound, (Marrubium vulgare), white horehound, common horehound, hairy white, leaves, musky bitter flavour, in candies, in horehound beer soft drink, garden herb, herbal medicine, Europe, Asia, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Bush banana, (Marsdenia australis), silky pear, green vine, doubah, small fruit, Australian native food, Apocynaceae
Chamomile, (Matricaria chamomilla, M. recutita), German chamomile, camomile, wild chamomile, scented mayweed, the usual source of the herb chamomile, annual, raised from seed, self-sews drought-tolerant, up to 60 cm, multi-branched, feathery foliage, white and yellow small "daisy" flowers with apple-like fragrance, dried flowers for camomile tea, used to treat gastrointestinal problems and skin irritations, sedative grown commercially for herbal tea, self seeds to regrow each season, stems do not take root but bear many flowers and branches, Europe, Asia, Asteraceae
| Apigenin
| Bisabolol | Chamazulene | α-bisabol
| α-bisabol oxides A and B | Spathulenol | Farnesene
| Luteolin | herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, chamomile tea used to treat acne, coughs, colds, gingivitis, headache temporary relief, hives, infant colic, indigestion, irritability, insomnia, anxiety, phobias, morning sickness, period pain, skin problems, teething problems, Asteraceae
See diagram: Chamomile flowers
German Chamomile, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Dried Chamomile, Dried herb is sold as flowers heads, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as flowers, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Stock, (Matthiola incana) scented colourful flowers, called a "gillyflower", because it smells of clove, ornamental, Brassicaceae
Ita palm, (Mauritia flexuosa), red fruit with yellow flesh, Arecaceae
Bog moss, (Mayaca fluviatilis), aquatic plant, moss-like leaves in dense spirals, can form dense mats that block water bodies, ornamental aquarium and pond plant, invasive, North, Central and South America, Mayacaceae
Large leaf orange bark, (Maytenus bilocularis), orangebark, up to 12 m, in dry and subtropical rainforest, orange brown bark, branchlets with fine vertical ridges, stiff glossy dark green leaves, yellow fruit, black seed with orange aril, used as a screening plant, Australia, Celastraceae
Swamp mazus, (Mazus pumilio), used as groundcover, ornamental, Australia, Mazaceae
Alfalfa, (Medicago sativa), lucerne, perennial, hardy plant, green fodder, nitrogen-fixing legume, up to 1 metre, quick regrowth, used for mulch, animal and poultry fodder, liquid fertilizer, culinary uses, cut for tea, salads, sprouts can be eaten raw or cooked | Arginine | Citramalic acid, Cryptoxanthin | Homostachydrine | Liquiritigenin | Medicagenic acid triglucoside | Ononitol | Spinastrol | Succinic acid | Tricin | Trigonelline| Vitamin K 1 | herbal medicine, infusion, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae.
Dried herb is sold as aerial parts.
(Medicago species is called a "medick", or "medic"(originally from Medea, Iran), or "bur clover".)
Annual medics are temperature legumes from the mediterranean region which have become naturalised in sub tropic regions by accidental or deliberate introduction and now make a valuable contribution to grazing and grain-growing industries, e.g. bur medic, woolly bur medic, cut-leaf medic, black medic.
Annual medics usually have a hard impermeable seed coat seed coat, which softens over the years and allows them to survive drought periods.
A "burr" is usually a fruit with hooks, some burrs may injure grazing animals, medicago is usually used as a fodder or green manure plant.
Cutleaf medic, (Medicago laciniata), very early maturing, wedge-shaped leaflets as if eaten by insects, not as productive as burr medic, very palatable to livestock.
Black medick, (Medicago lupulina), nonsuch, hop clover, annual, up to 30 cm, 3 leaves, yellow flower, wide distribution, Liquiritigenin, Fabaceae.
Burr medic, (Medicago polymorpha), hairless stems and leaves, spirally coiled fruit covered with slender spines, environmental weed in Australia, Fabaceae.
Woolly burr medic, (Medicago minima), pods much smaller than burr medic, prostrate plants with many trailing branches, Fabaceae.
Snail medic, (Medicago scutellata), a sown medic, different varieties are early, mid-season and late flowering types. has the largest pods and seeds of the commercial medics, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae.
Barrel medic, (Medicago truncatula), are more suited to become permanent pasture than snail medic types and many are aphid-tolerant tropical pasture legumes, Fabaceae.
Tea tree, (Melaleuca alternifolia), paper bark tree, melaleuca, narrow-leaved paperbark, ti-trol, melasol, cork layers separate into alternate thick and degenerating thin layers, Myrtaceae
Used for commercial production of tea tree oil, ti-tree oil
See: Tea tree oil
(Melaleuca species are called bottlebrushes or tea trees)
(Species of genus Camellia, Melaleuca, Kunzea, Leptospermum, Taxandria, and Lycium may be called "tea tree".)
Tea tree oil
Melaleuca alternifolia, tea tree oil.
Cajeput, (Melaleuca cajeputi), white samet, paperbark tree, white tea tree, white wood, swamp tea tree, punk tree, gelam, herbal medicine, cajuput oil, Myrtaceae
Melaleuca ‘Claret Tops’, native Australian species, up to 2 M, recommended by Brisbane City Council, Myrtaceae
Swamp tea-tree, (Melaleuca irbyana), Australia, Myrtaceae
Kingaroy bottlebrush, (Melaleuca formosa), Australia, Myrtaceae
Kingaroy / Cliff Bottlebrush, (Melaleuca formosus), Australia, Myrtaceae
Robin redbreast dwarf, (Melaleuca lateritia), Australia, Myrtaceae
Weeping paperbark, (Melaleuca leucadendra), river tea tree, weeping tea tree, herbal medicine, produce pungent, volatile oil called cajeput oil, used as with clove oil, as a counter-irritant, and in liniments, Australian native food, Sulawesi, Myrtaceae
Snow-in-summer, (Melaleuca linarifolia), narrow-leaved bottlebrush ('Claret Tops'), dense and compact shrub, up to 1.5 m, claret-coloured new growth, white flowers grow in shrubberies or in containers, hedge plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Melaleuca linariifolia, Narrow-leaved Bottlebrush ('Claret Tops'), Daleys Fruit Trees
Paperbark tree, (Melaleuca viridiflora), broad-leaf paperbark, (niaouli essential oil from steam distillation of twigs and leaves), Madagascar.
Scented paperbark, (Melaleuca squarrosa), Australia, Myrtaceae
Melaleuca squarrosa, Scented paperbark, Southern Harvest
Thyme honey myrtle, (Melaleuca thymifolia), small hardy shrub, up to 1 metre, mauve claw-type flowers in clusters, grow in full sun with good drainage, in large pots or containers, Australia, Myrtaceae
Broad-leaved paperbark, (Melaleuca viridiflora), red flowering paperbark, 'kitcha-kontoo', up to 10 m, open canopy, papery bark, spikes of cream or yellow or green red flowers, 10 m, white, brownish grey bark, fruit woody capsules, described in 1788 by Daniel Solander, Australian native food, Papua New Guinea, Myrtaceae
Melaleuca quinquenervia, broad-leaf paperbark, (niaouli essential oil from steam distillation of twigs and leaves), Madagascar.
Blue tongue, (Melastoma affine) native lasiandra, dhumulu, fast growth up to 3 m, dark green foliage, red stems, showy mauve to purple flowers, small black berries, eaten fresh, stain the mouth, ornamental garden plant, attract bees, Australian native food, Melastomataceae
Melastoma affine, Daleys Fruit Trees.
See diagram Melastoma affine.
Asian melastoma, (Melastoma candidum), bright purple flowers, Melastomaceae
Blue tongue, (Melastoma malabathricum), Singapore rhododendron, sendudok, dull purple flowers, herbal medicine, Melastomaceae
Chinaberry tree, (Melia azedarach), white cedar, pride of India, Cape lilac, timber tree, toxic fruit if eaten in quantity, rainforest margin, invasive, Australia, Meliaceae
White cedar, (Melia azedarach), high quality timber, Australia, melianthus family, Meliaceae
Spanish lime, (Melicoccus bijugatus), genipe, limoncillo, mamoncillo, large tree, evergreen, slow growing, male and female, fruit medium, green, whitish pulp, subacid fresh, from seeds, air-layering, Tropical America, Sapotaceae
Lemon balm, (Melissa officinalis), balm, sweet balm, bee balm, heart's delight, honey plant, perennial, up to 40 cm, shiny leaves easy to grow from seed, sun to part shade, white flowers attractive to butterflies, cut back to ground after flowering so it comes back with fresh, green growth for the cooler months, with strong lemon scent, non-running mint, grows in cooler semi-shaded areas, companion plant, culinary uses, leaves in salads, with pork, lamb, chicken stuffing, soups, sweet fruit dishes, summer drinks for light lemon flavour | Citral,
| Citronellal | Citronellol | Geraniol,
| Linalyl acetate | herbal medicine, use leaves in sedative tea to treat stress, insomnia, students before exams, headaches, indigestion, antidepressant, astringent to dry oily skin, cream for cold sores and inflamed skin, Lamiaceae
Lemon Balm, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Dried herb is sold as aerials or "balm leaf", Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lime balm, (Melissa officinalis var. 'lime'), perennial, hardy plant, similar growth and uses to lemon balm, lime aroma, culinary uses, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Lime Balm, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Pink evodia, (Melicope elleryana, Evodia elleryana), pink-flowered doughwood, pin-flowered evodia, corkwood, butterfly tree,
glossy green foliage, dark brown fruit, New Guinea, Indonesia, Solomon Islands, Australia, Rutaceae
Melicope elleryana, Australian Botanic Garden
Mokihana, (Melicope anisata), small tree, crushed leaves and fruit anise fragrance, used for leis | Citropten C11H10O4 | lethal photosensitisation, Rutaceae
Little evodia, (Melicope rubra), Australia, Rutaceae
Melicope rubra, Oxley Nursery
Yellow evodia, (Melicope xanthoxyloides), Australia, Papua New Guinea, Rutaceae
Melicope xanthoxyloides, Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
“Wu-Chu-Yu”, (Evodia rutaecarpa), Chinese medicine | appendixF.html#EvodiamineH">Evodiamine | Berberine | Rutaecarpine | China, Rutaceae
Melilot, (Melilotus officinalis), common melilot, yellow melilot, yellow sweet clover, melilot trefoil, white clover, sweet clover, plaster clover, sweet lucerne, wild laburnum, king's clover, perennial, annual, up to 60 cm, vanilla-like fragrance when crushed, new mown hay smell
| Melitonin in flowers | Melilotic acid | coumarin as flavouring agent, herbal medicine, flowers and flowering stems used for diuretic, throat infections, anti-inflammatory tea for congestion of the lymph system, leaves contains bitter-tasting,
Coumarin, may cause damp hay poisonous to cattle, Melitonin in flowers, Melilotic acid as flavouring agent, Fabaceae.
White melilot, (Melilotus albus), honey clover, white sweet clover, Bokhara clover, tree clover. tropical pasture legume, erect, almost hairless, up to 2 m, fragrant leaves composed of three leaflets, fruit an ovoid wrinkled pod containing one seed, white pea shape flowers in long loose racemes, nutritious shrub for grazing, high levels of coumarin, weed in cereal crops and native vegetation, sweet odour when dried, used for honey production | Coumaric acid | Melilotic acid | Dicoumarol | herbal medicine, invasive, widespread use, Europe and Asia, then widespread, Fabaceae, Papilionaceae.
Zig-zag vine, (Melodorum leichhardtii), climbing to rainforest canopy, evergreen shrub with large stems, orange fruit, used in sauces, Australian native food, Australia, Annonaceae
Melothria scabra, mouse melon, Mexican sour gherkin, Cucurbitaceae
Melinis minutiflora, molasses grass, pasture grass, stink grass, Poaceae
Bastard balm, (Melittis melissophyllum), ornamental, orchid-like flowers, aromatic honey-scented foliage, Europe, Lamiaceae
Water mint, (Mentha aquatica, Mentha aquatica var. citrata), bergamot mint, Eau de Cologne mint, orange mint, druid's mint, marsh mint, European watermint, perennial, strong peppermint aroma and bergamot flavouring, Menthofuran, herbal medicine, garden herb, Europe, Lamiaceae
Mentha species: mints, rubefacients (make skin red), Hesperidin,
Limonene, Menthol, Menthone,
Piperitone, Pulegone, Lamiaceae
Mints, spreading, perennial, best grown in separate bed or pot, pick just before use, because aroma dissipates quickly, used with lamb or pork dishes, carrots, potatoes, peas, and in desserts, herbal teas, but may increase oesophageal heartburn.
Marvellous Mints, Basilea Living Herbs.
See diagram: Mint flower.
See diagram: Peppermint 1.
Wild mint, (Mentha arvensis), field mint, corn mint, Japanese peppermint, perennial, up to 40 cm, may be deciduous, rub leaves to sniff aroma of, Menthol, Menthone, herbal medicine, volatile oil helps to clear head and chest, or infuse leaves in boiling water, put a towel over head and inhale vapour for temporary relief colds, bronchial coughs, sinus, nervous stress, headaches, chew leaves for sore throat, culinary uses, Lamiaceae
Japanese Menthol Mint, (Mentha arvensis subsp. piperascens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Asian mint, (Mentha asiatica), fragrant purple flowers, evergreen opposite phyllotaxy leaves, propagate from root cuttings not seed, Lamiaceae
River mint, (Mentha australis), Australian mint, native peppermint, native river mint, swamp mint, groundcover, herbal leaf, peppermint-like flavour, Australian native food, Lamiaceae
Native Mint, (Mentha australis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Hart's pennyroyal mint, (Mentha cervina), (similar to pennyroyal mint), up to 30 cm, fragrant leaves, Pulegone, in essential oil, western Mediterranean, Lamiaceae
Native mint, (Mentha diemenica), wild mint, slender mint, native peppermin, Australian native food, Lamiaceae
Native Mint, (Mentha diemenica), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, Lamiaceae
Egyptian mint, (Mentha niliaca), spreading perennial, up to 90 cm, (hybrid Mentha x niliaca.), spikes of lavender flowers, propagated by root divisions and stem cuttings, invasive, Lamiaceae
Egyptian Mint, (Mentha niliaca), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Pennyroyal, (Mentha pulegium), pennyroyal mint, squaw mint, mosquito plant, crushed leaves strong smell like spearmint, culinary herb, folk remedy, strong smell like spearmint, aromatherapy oil, but toxic so use with caution, Pulegone, folk medicine, abortifacient, Europe, North Africa, Lamiaceae
Pennyroyal
Pennyroyal Mint, (Mentha pulegium), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium, Daleys Fruit Trees
Corsican mint, (Mentha requienii), perennial, up to 10 cm, carpet form, smalle strongly-scented oval leaves, tiny mauve flowers, peppermint aroma, invasive in United States, Corsica, Sardinia, Lamiaceae
Corsican Mint, (Mentha requienii), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Rust free mint, (Mentha rubra raripila), rust free spearmint, spicy cooling spearmint flavour, Lamiaceae
Rust Free Mint Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Bush mint, (Mentha satureioides), native pennyroyal, creeping mint, clumping, perennial, groundcover, up to 20 cm, small white flowers, a "delicate" mint, edible,
use fresh for salads or as a tea, fragrant Australian native folk medicine for colds and influenza, grown in pots, Australia, Lamiaceae
Spearmint, (Mentha spicata subsp. spicata), "mint", garden mint, common mint, lamb mint, mackerel mint. perennial, up to 20-40 cm, well-limed soil, best not planted in garden with other plants as most mints spread underground, so plant in large pot or bed just for mints, terpenes gives distinct aroma, pyridines, distinctive smell from Carvone, D-Carvone
1.8 Cineole, Limonene
Myrcene, Pinene
herbal medicine, culinary uses, with meats, gravies, mint jelly, used for mint sauce, toothpaste, chewing gum, vegetable, vinegar, drinks, serve with fruit, mints make refreshing teas, Balkan Peninsula and Turkey, naturalized in Europe and Asia, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as leaves.
Spearmint, (Mentha spicata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Mentha spicata Daleys Fruit Trees
Apple mint, (Mentha suaveolens), woolly mint, round-leafed mint, ornamental, green and cream variegated leaves, sweet smell like
pineapple, so sometimes called "pineapple mint", hardy, easy to grow, full sun, attracts bees, used to make apple mint jelly, salads, drinks.
Variegated Apple Mint, (Mentha suaveolens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Apple Mint, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Apple Mint, (variegated), Mentha suaveolens 'variegata', Daleys Fruit Trees
Ginger mint. (Mentha X gracilis), Lamiaceae
Ginger Mint, (Mentha X gracilis), (M. arvensis X M. spicata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Ginger mint, (Mentha spicata X Mentha arvensis), Lamiaceae
Ginger Mint, Mentha spicata species, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Scotch spearmint, (Mentha X gracilis), red mint, Lamiaceae
Hung Cay Mint, (Mentha x gracilis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Peppermint, (Mentha X piperita), (watermint x spearmint), herbaceous perennial, smooth stems with square cross-section, fast growing, spreads easily so grow in pots, cut stems before flowering and hang branches to dry, older leaves give cooling sensation, chew raw leaves, used for herbal tea, mint sauce, herbal remedy, headaches, indigestion, nausea, stale breath, main components: Menthol,
Menthone, Peppermint oil, Pinene, Europe, Middle East, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as leaf.
Peppermint, (Mentha X piperita), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Dried herb is sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Peppermint, Daleys Fruit Trees
White peppermint, (Mentha piperita officinalis), perennial, grey / green leaves, milder taste than peppermint, Lamiaceae
White Peppermint, Mentha piperita officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Candymint peppermint, (Mentha × piperita 'Candymint'), (mentha x piperita), perennial, hairy red-purple stems, aromatic leaves, crisp flavour, invasive, Lamiaceae
(Mentha × piperita 'Chocolate Mint'), flower opens upwards leaving bracts and elongating tip, popular confection, up to 60 cm, spread to 60cm, large ovate dark bronze-green leaves, lilac-purple flowers open from the bottom of false whorl to top of inflorescence, aroma and flavour like peppermint with some chocolate, but some people cannot detect chocolate.
Chocolate Mint, (Mentha X piperita f. citrata 'Chocolate'), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Chocolate Mint, Mentha X piperita f. citrata, Daleys Fruit Trees
(Mentha × piperita 'Citrata' includes varieties such as 'Eau De Cologne Mint', 'Grapefruit Mint', 'Lemon Mint' and 'Orange Mint', aromatic and hairless leaves
Orange mint, (Mentha X piperita var citrata), lemon mint, eau de cologne mint, strong citrus smell, Lamiaceae
Eau de Cologne Mint, (Mentha citrata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
(Mentha X piperita 'Crispa'), wrinkled leaves, Lamiaceae
Moroccan Mint, (Mentha spicata var. crispa), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Moroccan green mint, (Mentha spicata, var. Spicata), Green Mint, Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Lavender Mint', Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Lime Mint'), lime-scented leaves, Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Variegata'), green and pale yellow leaves, Lamiaceae
Whorled mint, (Mentha X verticillata), Lamiaceae
Cuban Mint, (Mentha X villosa), mojito Mint Lamiaceae
Mint, Old Fashioned Mint, (Mentha X villosa), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lemon Mint, (Mentha citrata, Mentha X piperita var. citrata), bergamot mint, Eau-de-cologne mint, citrata, horse mint, water mint, perennial, perfume-like lemon odour, used in herbal teas, herbal medicine, analgesic, antiseptic, nausea, stomach ache, not for pregnant women, Lamiaceae
Bergamot mint may refer to Eau de Cologne mint, probably a cultivar of Mentha aquatica.
See diagram Variegated Mint, Lamiaceae
Mentha x piperita, Peppermint, Daleys Fruit tree Nursery
Bog bean, (Menyanthes trifoliata), (monotypic), herbal medicine, buckbean family, Menyanthaceae
Dog's mercury, (Mercurialis perennis), French mercury, resembles a cactus, poisonous, Euphorbiaceae
Ice plant, (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), common ice plant, pigface, trailing ice plant, hardy ice plant, pink carpet, purple hardy ice plant, perennial, dense lawn, fleshy leaves, trailing hanging stem, magenta-pink flowers, bladder-like hairs on leaves sparkle like ice crystals, halucinogen chemicals DMT and 5-MeO-DMT in leaves, prostrate, up to 1m wide, robust succulent plant, large glistening bladder cells, water vesicles, edible leaves, densely papillose with glistening appearance so "ice-plant", on beach strands, South Africa, Aizoaceae
Mesembryanthemum conspicuum, (Lampranthus conspicuus) | Indicaxanthin
| Betanin | Aizoaceae
Ice plant, (Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum), similar to M. crystallinum, but smaller parts, conspicuous bladder cells, Aizoaceae
(About 10 genera in 3 different families are called "ice plants".)
See diagram Ice plant
Medlar, (Mespilus germanica), common medlar pear, hard acidic fruit, England, (naturalized), Rosaceae
Medlar, Daleys Fruit Trees.
Sri Lankan ironwood tree, (Mesua ferrea), Indian rose chestnut, cobra's saffron, penaga, mesua, gau-gau, large hardwood tree used for Qing dynasty furniture, heavy, hard wood, herbal medicine, Myanmar, Nepal, Southeast Asia, Calophyllaceae
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, dawn redwood, Cupressaceae
Queensland golden myrtle, (Metrosideros queenslandica), ornamental tree, up to 10 m, dense foliage, showy golden heads of flowers, used as a windbreak, Australia, Myrtaceae
Ohia lehua, (Metrosideros polymorpha), Lehuapapa, foundation forest trees in wet tropical forests, Hawaii, Myrtaceae
True sago palm, (Metroxylon sagu), sac sac, rumbia, freshwater swamp plant, starchy food, roof thatch, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
Solomon ivory nut palm (Metroxylon salomonense), Hebe nut palm, Ivory-nut palm, Solomon's sago palm, scaly fruits look like snakeskin, Solomon Islands, Arecaceae
Ivory nuts, (Metroxylon warburgii), natangura palm, seeds as "vegetable ivory", Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Arecaceae
Meum, (Meum athamanticum), broad-leaved spignel, meu, baldmoney, monotypic, vegetable, folk medicine., Apiaceae
Yellow jade orchid, (Michelia champaca), up to 10 m, thin leathery leaves, India, south Asia, Magnoliaceae
Port wine michelia, (Michelia figo), champak, Magnoliaceae
Michelia x alba, fragrant white flowers, up to 17 m, thin leathery leaves, Indonesia, Magnoliaceae
Velvet tree, (Miconia calvescens), miconia, bush currant, forms invasive monocultural forests in Tahiti, Queensland restricted invasive plant, flowers several times a year and bears fruit, inflorescences large panicles white to light pink flowers, tiny purple fruits packed with tiny seeds, fruits attractive to birds, to 15 metres, purple and green large leaves up to 1 metre in length out all the space below them, attractive ornamental, Mexico, South America, Melastomataceae
See diagram: Miconia calvescens.
Micromelum grossum, Australia, Rutaceae
Micromelum minutum Lime Berry, Australia, Rutaceae
Murnong, (Microseris scapigera), yam daisy, native yam, native dandelion, small perennial herb, remains dormant in summer, grows up from a swollen tuber like a radish or carrot that is white or dark outside and white inside, soft long thin leaves, all broken parts exude latex that leaves dark stain on the fingers, yellow flowers like dandelion on long stalks, small achene fruits, edible tuberous roots contain | Inulin, C6nH10n+2O5n+1 | cooked by roasting for sweet flavour, palatable young leaves, Australian native food, Asteraceae
Mikania vine, (Mikania micrantha), climbing hemp vine, American rope, bitter vine, guaco, mile-a-minute vine, Australian native food, Queensland restricted invasive plant, Asteraceae
Indian beech tree, (Millettia pinnata, Pongamia pinnata), pongamia tree, karanj, Australian biofuel, Fabaceae
Tree jasmine, (Millingtonia hortensis), dried flowers used to treat lung ailments, Bignoniaceae
Sensitive plant, (Mimosa pudica), sensitive mimosa, shame plant, (touch-me-not - also Impatiens species), perennial, up to 50 cm, nastic movement
It has feathery leaves with leaflets responsive to touch, then resume position after about one hour, at night fold naturally, (mimosa "mimics" the motion of animals),
It is fascinating to grow, children and adults love to touch and watch leaves fold up, culinary uses
,
Mimosine, Noradrenaline, Turgorin, herbal medicine, food for nervous system, poisonous seeds cause kidney damage, L-Djenkolic acid, L-Mimosine, weed, Fabaceae.
Giant sensitive tree, (Mimosa pigra), woody shrub, forms thorny impenetrable thickets, wet areas, widespread invasive plant, South America, Fabaceae
Tanjong tree, (Mimusops elengi), Spanish cherry, medlar, bullet wood, up to 16 m, shade tree, fragrant flowers, ornamental tree, valuable timber, herbal medicine, different parts used in Ayurvedic medicine mainly for dental ailments, ripe edible fruit bright red-orange, Australian native food, India, Southeast Asia, Sapotaceae
Four o'clock flower, (Mirabilis jalapa), showy four o'clock, marvel of Peru, beauty-of-the-night, Indicaxanthin, Miraxanthin I to V, Vulgaxanthin I, herbal medicine, opens in mid-to-late-afternoon and closes again the next morning, purgative, many-coloured, fragrant ornamental, Nyctaginaceae
Mauka, (Mirabilis expansa), chago, root vegetable, Andes region, South America, Nyctaginaceae
Mirabilis expansa, Mauka, Daleys Fruit Trees
Zebra grass, (Miscanthus zebrinus), perennial, hardy plant, striking green and cream, stripes cross-ways on the leaves, for landscaping, erosion control, mulch, Poaceae
Woolly pear-fruit, (Mischocarpus ailae), Australia, Sapindaceae
Yellow pear-fruit, (Mischocarpus pyriformis), Australia, Sapindaceae
Squaw vine, (Mitchella repens), partridge berry, herbal medicine, USA, Rubiaceae
Dried herb sold as aerials.
Kratom tree, (Mitragyna speciosa), biak-biak, up to 25 m, psychoactive plant, analgesic, used to reduce fever, opioid agonist activity of its many alkaloids, Thailand, Malaysia, Rubiaceae
Gac, (Momordica cochinhinensis), red melon, baby jackfruit, bitter gourd, spring bitter gourd, orange colour, highest concentration of, β-carotenes, herbal medicine, Vietnam, Cucurbitaceae.
Momordica cochinhinensis, Gac (female), Daleys fruit Trees
Momordica species are like a climbing cucumber with a knobbly skin.
Bitter melon, (Momordica charantia), Balsam gourd, Balsam pear, bitter gourd, Charantin, Momordicine, Lycopene, herbal medicine, Cucurbitaceae.
Dried herb is sold as sliced fruit.
Lemon bergamot, (Monarda citriodora), lemon beebalm, purple horsemint, annual, pale purple-pink flowers, easy to grow, flowers in the subtropics, up to 50 cm, bees love flowers, companion plant, grown from tiny black seed, cuttings or root division, in rich, loose, moist soil, in full sun, but better, leaves in some shade, dormant in winter if in cold region, culinary uses, leaves with citrus-like flavour when crushed in salads, garnish, citronella, phenolic monoterpenes, thymol, wine, herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, North America and Mexico, Lamiaceae
Lemon Bergamot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
White bergamot, (Monarda clinopodia), basil bee balm, white bee balm, perennial wild flower, native to North America, Lamiaceae
Bergamot, (Monarda didyma), red bergamot, bergamot mint, beebalm, scarlet beebalm, wild bergamot, Oswego tea, (infusion from Oswega Indians), ornamental, bright whorl of scarlet flowers, but not in subtropics, herbaceous, clump-forming spreading perennial, ovate pointed leaves, forms a clump, up to 1 metre, lemon-like odour, Isosakuranetin, Monardaein, Pelargonin, Linalyl acetate, in essential oil addition to Earl Grey Tea, North America, culinary uses, young leaves in salads, cook with pork, Lamiaceae
(Monarda didyma, red bergamot has no botanic relationship to Citrus aurantium, bergamot orange, Rutaceae, in Earl Grey tea, but it smells like bergamot orange!).
Bergamot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Wild bergamot, (Monarda fistulosa), bee balm, horse mint, many varieties with different odours, clumps of creeping rhizomes, common on prairies, Thymoquinone, folk medicine of native Americans, used to treat colds, North America, Lamiaceae
Spotted beebalm, (Monarda punctata), horsemint, Thymol, Folk medicine, Lamiaceae
Monbretia, (Crocosmia X crocosmiiflora), large orange flowers, invasive, noxious weed, Iridaceae
African nutmeg, (Monodora myristica), calabash nutmeg, Jamaica nutmeg, lush crown, huge, purple to deep green huge oblong leaves, fragrant blooms dangle on long cords, heavily waxy flowers, large woody syncarp fruit filled with aromatic pulp. large pungent seeds in the pulp used like nutmeg to flavour food or as folk medicine, West Africa, Annonaceae
Monodora myristica, African nutmeg, Daleys Fruit Trees
See diagram: Jambolan.
Indian pipe, (Montropa uniflora), ghost plant, corpse plant, white, because does not contain chlorophyll, parasitic, fungal host, Ericaceae
Bayberry, (Morella cerifera), small wax myrtle, candle berry, herbal medicine, Myricaceae
Candleberry myrtle, (Morella faya), prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Myricaceae
Mosses, Bryophyta Division
Indian horseradish tree, (Moringa oleifera), drumstick tree, tree of life, (miracle tree, in Africa, because so many uses), ben tree, forest tree and cultivated tropical tree, delicate foliage, attractive pale yellow flowers, long green pods, tiny edible leaves, high concentration of vitamins C and A, calcium and protein, peeled roots used as substitute for horseradish, slender, semi-deciduous, perennial tree, to about 10 m, drooping branches, keep pruned to under 2 metres for accessible leaves subtropical and tropical climates, flowering and fruiting freely and continuously, best on a dry sandy soil, shade tree, drought-hardy, avenue tree pruned 4-5 metres, foliage has mustard flavour, used in Indian and Sri Lankan dishes. herbal medicine, used as very nutritious leaves eaten raw or added at the end of cooking of curries and stir fry dishes, eat fresh flowers, flavour like asparagus, eat beans when small and tender or chop larger pods for curries, high quality bean oil from seeds, roots have horseradish, (Amoracia rusticana) smell, India and spread to Asia, Central and South America, Africa and the Pacific, Moringaceae.
Dried Moringa leaf tea, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Drumstick tree, Daleys Fruit Trees
Phantom tree, (Moringa ovalifera), ghost tree, herbal medicine, antibiotic substances, Namibia, Moringaceae
Velvet bean, (Mucuna pruriens), cowhage, climbing shrub, young plant covered with hairs, seed pods have itchy orange hairs containing mucanain enzyme, beans eaten| L-dopa | Dimethyltryptamine | Hydroxy-L-Tryptophan | | folk medicine, mental disorders, snakebites, tropical fodder crop, India, Fabaceae.
Dried herb is sold as seed powder.
Panama berry (Muntingia calabura), capulin, Jamaica cherry, small tree, evergreen, attractive, fast-growing, shade tree, fruit small berry, red or yellow, sweet, aromatic, used fresh, jam, tarts, propagation from seeds, suckers, attractive fast-growing shade tree, tropical America, Muntingiaceae
Muntingia calabura, Panama berry, Daleys Fruit Trees.
Native wampee, (Murraya crenulata), Hervey Bay clausena, small tree, mass of white flowers, rare in Australia, wet tropical biome, Taiwan, Malesia, SW Pacific, Rutaceae
Murraya crenulata, Daleys Fruit Trees
Curry leaf tree, (Murraya koenigii), large shrub or small tree, up to 6 m, main trunk brown-black covered in small white dots, attractive leafed, tree, or prune as tub specimen, culinary uses in southern India and Malaysia, mild taste not like curry, aromatic leaves used in curries, stir fries, stews, chutney, contains aromatic terpenes and carbazole alkaloids, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | Caryophyllene | Isosafrole | Pinene | Terpineol | herbal medicine, traditional folk remedy for indigestion, nausea, ornamental, hedge, India, Sri Lanka, Rutaceae
Dried herb sold as leaves.
Curry Leaf Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
See diagram: Curry Leaf Tree.
Curry Leaf Tree, Daleys Fruit Trees
Orange jessamine, (Murraya paniculata), mock orange, small tree, small orange-red fruit, hardy hedge, bee farms, pastoral weed |
Phellandrene | herbal medicine, timber for handles, Southern China, South Asia, Rutaceae
Musa species
BaProjH">Banana Project.
White mulberry, (Morus alba), silkworm mulberry, medium to large tree, short-lived, fast-growing, deciduous, fruit small, juicy sweet, used fresh, pies, herbal medicine, diabetes, ornamental, widely cultivated to feed silkworms, propagation from cuttings, grafting, Northern China, Turkey, Moraceae
Dried herb is sold as mulberries white whole fruit or as crumbles.
Black mulberry, (Morus nigra), large fruit with staining juice, large tree, 308 chromosomes, hairy lower leaf surface, Asia. Moraceae
Mulberry, Daleys Fruit Trees
Mulberry, (Morus species), at first grow fast then slow, fruit is multiple fruit, monoecious or dioecious.
Bayberry, (Myrica cerifera), southern wax myrtle, wax myrtle, evergreen shrub, dioecious, aromatic compounds on glandular leaves and flowers so susceptible to wildfires, can fix nitrogen faster than legumes, used to make wax candles, herbal medicine, Myricaceae
Dried herb is sold as bark.
Sweetgale, (Myrica gale), bog-myrtle, herbal medicine, Europe, North America, Myricaceae
Nutmeg, (Myristica fragrans,), perennial, hardy plant, up to 1-2 metres, bee forage, musk scented leaves, moth repellent and in
Cineole, Geraniol, Limonene
Methyl eugenol
Myrcene, Myristicin
Sabinene, Safrole, herbal medicine, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, inhalant for headaches, tea, constipation, stomach ache, diarrhoea, coughs, candida, fevers, and externally as a wash for skin conditions, Sri Lanka, Lamiaceae
Nutmeg is said to have a warm-woody, sweet and slightly floral taste.
Nutmeg aids sleep and improves mood, and also has a positive effect on blood sugar and blood pressure.
Only take small amounts of nutmeg, because as it can be toxic in large doses of nutmeg oil
Dried herb is sold whole or as chips.
Mace is the thin bright red aril or lace-like covering over the shell of the nutmeg to encapsulate the endosperm, nutmeg seed, low toxicity
Methyl eugenol, Myristicin
Pinene
Sabinene, is sold as ground mace, Lamiaceae
Australian nutmeg, (Myristica insipida), native nutmeg, Queensland nutmeg, exudate watery red bark capsule fruit with inner surface, white to yellow, Native Australian food, Myristacaceae
Myrtle, (Myrtus communis), common myrtle, culinary myrtle, fragrant and glossy, evergreen leaves, many white flowers, small tree up to 2 metres, can trim to bush size, culinary uses flavour meat, fresh berries, leaves and flowers, vitamin C, malic acid, citric acid, used for salads, cooked dishes, herbal medicine, cosmetic oil, (in Bible Nehemiah 8:15), Myrtaceae
Calabash, (Lagenaria siceraria), bottle gourd, like a round pumpkin with a very hard shell, used to make cups and dishes, Cucurbitaceae.
Luffa, (Luffa aegyptiaca, and L. acutangula), loofa, vegetable sponge, young fruit vegetable, old fibrous fruit dried and used to wash yourself, Cucurbitaceae.
Luffa aegyptiaca, Luffa
Boobialla, (Myoporum insulare), common boobialla, native juniper, blueberry tree, coastal Australia dunes and cliffs, shrub up to 6 m, salt tolerant, dull green egg-shaped leaves, white flowers with purple spots, rounded purple-black edible drupe, used for jams and jellies, coastal windbreak hedge, rootstock, Australian native food, Scrophulariaceae
Myoporum insulare, Australian National Herbarium
Creeping boobialla, (Myoporum parvifolium), creeping myoporum, boobialla, hardy, prostrate groundcover, up to 1 metre, small purple and white flowers, ornamental, in sunny well-drained position, in pots or containers, Australia, Scrophulariaceae
Waterbrush, (Myoporum montanum), boobialla, Australian native food, Australia, Scrophulariaceae
(Myoporum montanum is commonly known as waterbush.)
Coastal boobialla, (Myoporum acuminatum), native myrtle, western boobialla, waterbush, pointed boobialla, mangrove boobialla
Chatham Islands forget-me-not, (Myosotidium hortensis), giant forget-me-not, Boraginaceae
Forget-me-not, (Myosotis sylvatica), woodland forget-me-not, annual or biennial, to 50 cm, from seed, first rosette of hairy green leaves, then red-green stalk, blue flowers with yellow centres, garden flower, groundcover under other plants, former herbal medicine for lung diseases and scorpions | Symphytine | widely cultivated, Europe, Boraginaceae.
Seeds of forget-me-not plants can stay dormant in the soil for up to 30 years.
Alpine forget-me-not, (Myosotis alpestris), perennial, lance-shaped leaves, bright blue flowers with yellow centres, state flower of Alaska, dried whole plant has astringent and ophthalmic uses, North America, Boraginaceae
Water forget-me-not, (Myosotis scorpioides), perennial around ponds, scorpion grass, because spiral inflorescence, bright blue flowers with yellow centres, creeping underground rhizomes form dense colonies, naturalizes on banks of still and slow-moving water, invasive weed in USA, Boraginaceae
Pedra hume caá, (Myrcia sphaerocarpa), (root extract called "pedra hume caa") | Myrcene | traditional herbal medicine, diabetes, diarrhoea, hypertension, Brazil, Myrtaceae
Jaboticaba, (Myrciaria cauliflora, Plinia cauliflora), jabuticaba, guaperu, shrub or small tree, fruit medium, round, black, sweet, used fresh, frozen, wine, propagation from seeds, grafting, purple white-pulped fruit grow on the trunk, eaten raw or used to make jellies, jams, juice or wine, Brazil, Myrtaceae
Myrciaria cauliflora, Jaboticaba, Daleys Fruit Trees
Guava berry, (Myrciaria floribunda), small tree, attractive ornamental, fruit small, yellow, sweet aromatic pulp, or seeds, used fresh, flavourings, propagation from seeds, West Indies, Myrtaceae
Yellow jaboticaba, (Myrciaria glomerata), small shrub, ornamental, fruit yellow, sweet pulp and seeds, used fresh, propagation from seeds, subject to iron deficiency in limestone soils, Brazil, Myrtaceae
Camu camu, (Myrciaria paraensis), shrub or small tree, evergreen, slow growing, fruit small, red, acid pulp, used fresh, juice, grown from seeds, South America, Myrtaceae
Blue grape, (Myrciaria vexator), false jaboticaba, medium shrub, fruit small, purple, thin sweet flesh or seeds, used fresh, from seeds, Costa Rica, Myrtaceae
Myremecodia, ant plant, epiphyte, symbiosis with ants and fungi, Rubiaceae
Giant yellow mulberry, (Myrianthus arboreus), monkey fruit, tropical tree, up to 15, oblong fruits, edible fruits taste like pineapple, seeds and young leaves edible after boiling, traditional use for female infertility, Central Africa, Urticaceae
Myrianthus arboreus, Daleys Fruit Trees
Balsum of Peru, (Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae), balsam of Tolu, Peru balsam, black balsam, China oil, Honduras balsam
The beans contain: Coumarin.
An acrid, bitter, viscous resin exudes from trunk of the tree containing a gum resin and a volatile oil, and the flower has a strong fragrance.
It is used for food and drink flavouring, but may cause allergic reaction, perfume fragrance, medicinal products, invasive.br>
Eugenol, Nerolidol.
Peru balsam is a mounting medium for microscope specimens, refractive index of 1.597, Central America and South America, Fabaceae.
The essential oil contains, Benzyl benzoate, Benzyl cinnamyl, Cinnamic acid,
Benzoic acid + resins.
Myrrhis odorata, sweet cecily, giant chervil, Spanish chervil, herbal medicine, garden herb, Apiaceae
Muttonwood, (Myrsine variabilis), Australia, Myrsinaceae
Brush muttonwood, (Myrsine howittiana), Australia, Myrsinaceae
Muttonwood, (Myrsine variabilis), Australia, myrsine family, Myrsinaceae