School Science Lessons
2024-11-15
(UNBiolN3C)
Genus names, C, (Cabomba to Chromolaena)
Please send comments to: j.elfick@uq.edu.au
Contents
Cabomba, (Cabomba caroliniana), from the Americas and naturalised in Australia in 1986, completely submerged plant
except for flowers and occasional floating leaves, stems up to 10 m long. grass green to olive green shoots, green to olive floating leaves, solitary flowers
attached to a long axillary stalk, major pest in water storage, because increases colour of potable water and so increasing the cost of treatment
Cabomba forms dense clumps that reduce light and water quality.
The weed is so thick it makes recreational activities such as swimming, fishing and canoeing both difficult and dangerous.
The weed also reduces the water holding capacity of dams and significantly adds to the cost of treating drinking water.
Fan wort, (Cabomba aquatica), water shield, aquarium plant, up to 80 cm length, needs good light, local vegetable, South America, Cabombaceae
Cabomba furcata is used in the aquarium trade in Australia.
Banduc nut, (Caesalpinia bonduc, Guilandina bonduc), fever nut, wait-a-while, knicker nut, climbing liana, up to 8 m, stems with curved spines, thorny shrub, spiky leaves, yellow flowers, brown pods called nickernuts can float in oceans,, herbal medicine, pantropicalIndia, grows on sea shores, Fabaceae
Brazil-wood. (Caesalpinia echinata, Paubrasilia echinata), Pernambuco wood "bresel wood", sappan tree, pernambaco tree, national tree of Brazil., dense orang-red heartwood, | Brazilin, C16H14O5, Natural Red 24, pigment, histological dye, folk medicine | national tree of Brazil, Fabaceae
Sappanwood, (Caesalpinia sappan), sappan tree, brazilwood, brazilin red dye, Brazil, Fabaceae
Spiny Holdback, (Caesalpinia spinosa), tara, tailin, vainilla, tallospiny, evergreen tree up to 8m, | E417 | gum from endosperm used as food thickening agent, high tannin content of the pods may be lethal if consumed in large quantities by animals, seedpods powder used as eyewash, South America, Fabaceae
Pigeon pea, (Cajanus cajan), (Malay katjang bean), Congo pea, no-eye pea (no hilum), red gram, woody perennial, up to 3.6 m, yellow and red flowers, tolerates up to 35°C, seeds containing 25% protein eaten fresh or as split dried peas used for dhal in India, edible cooked leaves and young shoots with strong spicy odour, used for animal fodder and green manure mulch, garden shelterbelts, tropical regions, Fabaceae
Cajanus cajan, Succeed Heirlooms
European sea rocket, (Cakile maritima), succulent annual plant, taproot, branched stem, lobed flesh-like, shiny alternate leaves, small
white to purple flowers with 4 petals, corky brown floating fruit contain two yellow to brown, smooth seeds, seed oil contains a high level of erucic acid, can
withstand high concentrations of Cadmium, grows in clumps on beaches, widespread in Europe, North Africa, North America, Brassicaceae
Angel wings, (Caladium bicolor), heart of Jesus, elephant ears, green-white spathe, large, heart-shaped two-coloured leaves, yellow
to green leaves with green or red veins, all parts poisonous, especially leaves and tubers, irritation, calcium oxalate raphides, houseplant, South America, Araceae
See diagram: Caladium bicolor
Calamint, (Calamintha sylvatica), common calamint, mill mountain, mountain balm, mountain mint, perennial, low-growing,
up to 30 cm, green stalks, opposite, oval matt green leaves, about 2 cm long, whole plant aromatic, alkaline soil, leaf tea, herbal medicine, diaphoretic,
expectorant, leaf poultice for bruises, can cause miscarriage, temperate regions, low-growing plant, mint smell, lavender flowers, alkaline soil, leaves used to make tea, Lamiaceae
Ashe's savory, (Calamintha ashei), Ashe's calamint, evodone monoterpenoid C10H12O2, USA, Lamiaceae
Large-flowered calamint, (Calamintha grandiflora), showy calamint, mint savory, in cooking, treat bruises and cramps, ornamental, Lamiaceae
Wait-a-while, (Calamus australis), hairy mary, lawyer cane, climbing palm, petioles with many spines to attach to other plants, Australia, Arecaceae
Calamus australis, Palmpedia
Red maids, (Calandrinia balonensis), parakeelya, Australian native food, sold as 'Calandrinia ‘Mystique’, Australia, Montiaceae
Calandrinia balonensis, Broad-leaved Parakeelya, Balonne Parakeelya, Australian National Herbarium
Zebra plant, (Calathea concinna), Freddie prayer plant, calathea Freddie, exotic tropical succulent perennial, leaves with zebra-like
stripes of silvery-green with darker green stripes and borders, plant’s natural habit of opening and closing its leaves like hands at prayer, forms mats composed of
tufted leaves in rosettes, spreads rapidly via offsets, groundcover for dry sunny locations, popular indoor pot plant, Brazil, the arrowroot family, Marantaceae
Calathea crocata, dark green leaves, long-lasting orange flowers, rainforest, (houseplant), Marantaceae
Calathea lancifolia, rattlesnake plant, lance-shaped leaves, attractive fruit, deciduous shrub, Marantaceae
Calathea picturata, leaves oval dark green whitish streaks, rainforest, (houseplant), Marantaceae
Marigold, (Calendula officinalis), common marigold, English marigold, pot marigold, Mary's gold, annual plant, bushy habit, pale green leaves, yellow to orange flowers, used for cut flowers and salads, repels nematodes, very popular plant, easy to grow, folk medicine, , perennial, up to 50 cm, bracts absent, companion plant, florets in culinary uses, yellow / orange petals and leaves in salads, omelettes, sandwiches, (Lutein), herbal medicine, cuts, bruises, rashes, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, calendula flower tea for mouth, ulcers and nappy rash, flowers made into infused oil ointment, used to treat eczema, dermatitis, inflamed skin and for wound healing, ornamental, bright orange flowers on stiff stems, Europe, Asteraceae
(It is called calendae calendar, because it flowers for most of the year.)
(It is called "Mary gold" in honour of the Virgin Mary of the Bible.)
See diagram: Calendula
(Different species and genera are called "marigold".)
Calendula-infused Oil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Marigold, Calendula officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as flowers and as petals, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Heather, (Calluna vulgaris), common heather, heath, evergreen shrubs, in infertile soils, grows in a "heath", Europe, Ericaceae
Dried herb is sold as flowers.
Black wattle tree, (Callicoma serratifolia), used for wattle and daub huts of first European settlers in Australia, only one species in family Cunoniaceae
Home ginseng, (Callisia fragrans), golden runner, basket plant, fragrant inch plant, ground cover, steroids, flavonoids, herbal medicine, wound healing, infusions, invasive weed, Mexico, Commelinaceae
Chain plant, (Callisia navicularis), striped inch plant, evergreen herb, boat-shaped leaves, Mexico, Commelinaceae
Crimson bottlebrush, (Callistemon citrinus), bright red stamens, Australia, Myrtaceae
Callistemon species, bottlebrush, fast growing, hardy, woody shrub, up to 2 m, flowers in variety of single colours, prune regularly for bushier growth and increased flower production, grow in moist, well-drained soil, in full sun for containers, edging, rockeries, hedges
Bottle brush tree, (Callistemon lanceolatus), ornamental tree, evergreen shrubs, lanceolate lamina, showy stamens, Myrtaceae
Lemon bottle brush, (Callistemon citrinus), shrub, up to 3 m, grows in swamps and on rocky outcrops, simple and alternate to spiral leaves with a lemon odour when crushed, bright red spikes, woody capsules, leaf growth extends beyond the spike, Australia, Myrtaceae
Callistemon citrinus is also known as Melaleuca citrinus, because many of the bottlebrushes are known under the genus Melaleuca.
Callistemon citrinus, Australian National Herbarium
Chinese aster, (Callistephus chinensis), Michaelmas daisy, slim aster, ornamental, fast growing annual, showy terminal flower head, China, Asteraceae
Starwort, (Callitriche stagnalis), common starwort, aquatic, annual, monoecious, invasive, Plantaginaceae
Australian cypress, (Callitris columellaris), sand cypress pine, white cypress pine, (not a "pine", Pinus), conifer, light tan to darker brown heartwood, resistant to insect attack, used for flooring and light construction, Australia, Cupressaceae
Callitris intratropica, "cypress pine", (not true cypress), cone-shaped, blue green/grey foliage, hardy large tree, aromatic timber, | Blue Cypress oil from steam distilled bark and wood, used in perfumes, cosmetics and aromatherapy | Australia, Cupressaceae
Mammey sapote, (Calocarpum sapota, Pouteria sapota), fruit used fresh or preserved, South America, Sapotaceae
Green sapote, (Calocarpum viride), large tree, evergreen, slow growing, fruit, large, green, used fresh, propagation from seeds, Central America, Sapotaceae
Incense cedar, (Calocedrus decurrens), California incense cedar, up to 40 m, largest known tree, distinctive pyramidal to columnar shape, brown to grey bark, green scale-like leaves produce unusual smell when squeezed, male and female cylindrical conesfrom the same tree, soft light wood was used for pencils, cultivated as an ornamental, western United States, Cupressaceae
Calophyllum inophyllum, Alexandrean laurel, beauty leaf, penanga laut, huge forest tree, East Africa, Malaysia, Calophyllaceae
Calophyllum vitiense, bitangor, hardwood timber tree, Malaysia, Clusiaceae
Calopo, (Calopogonium mucunoides), tropical pasture legume, vine, introduced into Australia as a pasture legume, become naturalised in disturbes sites, forms dense mats that smother native vegetation, invasive, Fabaceae
Sodomapple">Calotropis procera, Sodom apple, Apocynaceae
Caloptropis gigantica, crown flower, up to 4 m, yields fibre, poisonous, widespread, Asia
Caltha palustris, marsh marigold, cuckoo's joy, aquatic and marginal perennial, Ranunculaceae
Calycadenia pauciflora, small flower western rosin weed, California, Asteraceae
Carolina allspice, (Calycanthus floridus), sweet shrub, large woody understory plant, strongly scented, strawberry- green apple aroma, sepals and petals fused into tepals, bruised bark and roots smell of camphor, ornamental, southeastern United States, Strawberry shrub family, Calycanthaceae
Fendler's sundrops. (Calylophus hartwegii fendleri) Hartweg's evening primrose, lightly hairy small green foliage casting a soft grey tone, yellow flowers open in the morning turning orange and pink as they fade before new flowers next day, Mexico, Onagraceae
Tea plant, (Camellia sinensis), Theaceae
Camellia sinensis,Tea, Brynhill
Camellia sinensis,Tea, Daley's Fruit Trees
Camellia sinensis var. assamica, Assam tea, Theaceae
Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, China tea, Theaceae
Tea plant, green tea | Tannins | Caffeine | Theanine | catechin, China, Theaceae
Tea from Camellia sinensis, has a slightly bitter, astringent flavour
Tea contains polyphenols, but tea does not contain tannic acid as previously believed
Prepare cup of tea: 12.13.15
BOP = cut size of leaves, "Broken Orange Pekoe"
Black Assam tea, full-bodied, good strength and good dose antioxidants, India
Black tea is more oxidized than oolong tea, green tea and white tea.
Black Ceylon teas, BOP, contains caffeine, Sri Lanka
Black Darjeeling tea, Light, special delicate taste, contains caffeine, Darjeeling province, India
Earl Grey tea, BOP, blended, citrus bergamot flavour, South India
English breakfast tea, BOP, full-bodied blend, Sri Lanka
Dried herb sold as leaves
Green tea, not affected by oxidation, contains caffeine, sugar not added to drink, dried herb sold as leaves and powder, China
Green tea gunpowder, from Zhejiang province, higher caffeine content than other green teas, cut size: rolled leaf, China
Green tea jasmine, blended with jasmine, China
Green tea Sencha, China
Oolong tea, cut size: cut leaf and rolled leaf, China
White tea, Dried herb sold as leaves, China
Camellia species, Theaceae
Camellia crapnelliana, Hong Kong camellia, large fruit, Theaceae
Camellia japonica, camellia, Japanese camellia, many cultivars, state flower of Alabama, Theaceae
Camellia reticulata, "Spanish dancer", large showy flowers, Theaceae
Camelina rumelica, graceful false flax, camelina oil seed, Theaceae
Camellia sasanqua, many cultivars, garden hedge, evergreen shrub, Japan, Theaceae
Camellia"> Camellia sinensis, tea plant, Theaceae
Camellia sinensis var. assamica, Assam tea, Theaceae
Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, China tea, Theaceae
Carpathian hairbell, (Campanula carpatica), tussock bellflower, up to 5 cm, alternate leaves with different shapes and edges in the same plant, latex in stems and leaves, purple to pink or white bell-shaped and long-lasting flowers, grown from seed, Campanulaceae
Plants of the Campanulaceae family are called bellflowers, (Latin campanula little bell)
Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae, Bellflower family
Happy tree, (Campotheca acuminata), cancer tree, tree of life. large glossy leaves with heavy veining, small white flowers in spherical clusters, bark and stems contain alkaloid | Camptothesin, C20H16N2O4 | used in Chinese traditional medicine and in cancer research, Nyssaceae, China
Campsis chinensis, Chinese trumpet vine, trumpet vine, tecoma, bignonia, China, Bignoniaceae
Campsis radicans, (Bignonia radicans), common trumpet creeper, showy trumpet-shaped flowers, popular shubbery plant, North America, Bignoniaceae
Camptotheca acuminata, camptotheca, canadanthus, mountain aster, happy tree, cancer tree, tree of life, to 20 M,
| Camptothecin | southern China and Tibet, Asteraceae
Ylang ylang, (Cananga odorata), kenanga, perennial, village tree, evergreen tree for very warm sheltered position, drooping branches,
flowers produce perfumed oil in glands near the base, the extracted oil, Macassar oil from flowers, used in aroma therapy, perfume and food flavouring, herbal
medicine, asthma, itch, scabies, stomach ache, traditional Asian aphrodisiac, essential oil contains: Ylang ylang essential oil may contain
| Isoeugenol | Isosafrole
| sesquiterpenoid alpha-Ylangene, (C15H24) | Malaysia, Annonaceae
See diagram: Cananga odorata
Cananga odorata, Daleys Fruit Trees
White Bursera, (Canarium album), Chinese olive, evergreen tree, up to 30 m straight trunk and compact crown, leathery elliptical leaves, small flowers in clusters at the ends of the branches, flowers give off slightly sweet fragrance, oval-shaped drupes with a hard woody shell contain a single edible seed called “Canarium nuts,”, resin extracted by tapping the tree used as incence in traditional ceremonies and in perfumes and cosmetics, Southeast Asia, Burseraceae
Melville Island white beech, (Canarium australianum), up to 15 m, deciduous, separate male and female plants, leathery smooth shiny leaves, cream-grey bark and flowers, blue-black oval fruit, Australia, Burseraceae
Galip nut, (Canarium indicum), ngali nut tree, Java almond, kenari Ambon, tall tree, Elemicin, edible nuts, timber, South Pacific, Burseraceae
Canarium species contains: | Amyrin | Elemolic Acid, Tarexerol C30H50O
Elemi, (Canarium luzonicum), Manila elemi, elemi gum, elemi resin, harvested oleoresins also called "elemi", | Elemicin C12H16O3 | used in varnishes, herbal medicine, respiratory problems, Philippines, Burseraceae
Pili nut, (Canarium ovatum), Philippine nut, roasted nut kernels eaten, nuts collected wild, but cultivated in Philippines, ornamental, Southeast Asia, Burseraceae
Kenari nut tree, (Canarium vulgare), Java nut, Java olive, edible oily kernels eaten after removal from very hard shell of oblong, pointed fruits, kernel oil fed to infants, Anethole, Limonene
Phellandrene, herbal medicine, headache, nasal congestion, Burseraceae
Jack bean, (Canavalia ensiformis), pig bean, wonder bean, horse bean, magic bean, ("awikiwiki, the quick one" Hawaiian name and origin of "Wikipedia"), slightly woody twining vine, up to 2 m length, cylindrical stem with hollow pith, trifoliolate leaves, bean pods up to 36cm long contain 1-2 cm long beans, whole plant edible but beans must be cooked, stock feed, invasive, Fabaceae
Sword bean, (Canavalia gladiata), (psychoactive tobacco), Fabaceae
Lavafield jack bean, (Canavalia pubescens), (also "awikiwiki"), Fabaceae
Beach bean, (Canavalia rosea), wild jack bean, bay bean, Fabaceae
Canavalia gladiata, (C. cathartica), sword bean, (psychoactive tobacco), Fabaceae
Canavalia pubescens, lavafield jack bean, (also "awikiwiki"), Fabaceae
Canavalia rosea, beach bean, wild jack bean, bay bean, Fabaceae
Shankhpushi, (Canscora decussata), psychoactive, phenolic compounds, xanthones, triterpenoids, Indian medicine, Gentianaceae
Achira, (Canna edulis). Queensland arrowroot, perennial, 2 metres, hardy plant, some of first plants to be cultivated by Incas, ornamental, used for quick growing windbreaks, leaves for animal feed and mulch, herbal medicine, poultices, digestive, culinary uses, large round red rhizomes eaten raw or cooked, or flour for thickening agent, young shoots as green vegetable, stir-fry, chips, tuber as vegetable, herbal medicine, poultices, South America, Cannaceae
See diagram Queensland arrowroot, Canna edulis, Cannaceae
Canna edulis, Queensland arrowroot, Daleys Fruit Trees
Indian shot, (Canna indica), small, black globular seeds like shot, horticulture cultivars, Cannaceae
(Canna is the only genus in the family Cannaceae.)
Achira">Canna edulis, Queensland arrowroot, Cannaceae
Indian hemp, (Cannabis sativa), marijuana, chokeweed, "hemp", annual herb, dioecious, slightly lignified, Linalool, Cannabichromene, Cannabisativine, Tetrahydrocannabinol resin, (THC), cannabis alkaloids, herbal medicine, narcotic drugs, phenolic resins and psychoactive alcohol delta-tetrahydrocannabinol, analgesic and hallucinatory, cannabis alkaloids, white bast fibre for ropes, coarse cloth, oakum, Central and Western Asia, Mongolia, Cannabaceae
Tetrahydrocannabol, C21H30O2, obtained by heating, smoking, vaporization, of dried unfertilized female cannabis flowers
Dried herb is sold as hulled seed.
Industrial hemp, grown for industrial fibres and seed, (Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa var. sativa), Cannabaceae
5.5.8 Cannabis
Canscora decussata, shankhpushi, psychoactive, phenolic compounds, xanthones, triterpenoids, Indian traditional medicine
Native pomegranate, (Capparis arborea), wild lime, wild lemon, rainforest bush, up to 8 metres, crooked irregular trunk, sharp prickles, single white flowers, green smooth fruit resembles guava, native Australian food, eastern Australia, Capparaceae
Capparis arborea, Daley's Fruit Trees
Thorn caper, (Capparis microcantha), melada, shrub, climbing habit, parts used for local medicines, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Capparaceae
Wild orange, (Capparis mitchellii), native orange, small native pomegranate, bumble tree, bimbil, up to 6 m, white/cream large flowers, fruit 2 to 5 cm in diameter, pulp with an agreeable perfume, Australian native food, (not related to citrus orange or other "wild oranges"), Australia, Capparaceae
Capparis mitchelli, Daley's Fruit Trees
Capers, (Capparis spinosa), caper bush, Flinders rose, perennial shrub, round-ovate fleshy leaves, capers are unopened flower buds, pungent sulfur compounds
Anthocyanins, Kaempferol
Quercetin, preserved in brine, vinegar, if dry-salted then raspberry aroma from Raspberry ketone, in sauces fish dishes, mature fruit preserved as caper berries, Mediterranean region, widespread in semi-arid regions, Capparaceae
Wild passionfruit, (Capparis spinosa subsp nummularia), caperbush, native caper, up to 1.5 m, green unripe fruit may be poisonous, orange ripe fruit splits open revealing little black inedible seeds, but fruit pulp edible, Australian native food, Capparaceae
Woolly caper bush, (Capparis tomentosa), African caper, Hydroxystachydrine, Stachydrine, poison to sheep and calves, Africa, Capparaceae
Shepherd's purse, (Capsella bursa-pastoris), mothers' hearts, herbal medicine,
| Garbanzol | Luteolin
is sold as aerials.
Capsicum species, Capsicum annuum, chilli plant, Solanaceae
Carallia, (Carallia brachiata), corky bark, billabong tree, maniawiga, up to 25 m, opposite oval glossy leaves, grey rough corky bark. small cream-green flowers in clusters on old wood, small globular berries eaten raw, useful timber, resistant to salt spray and saline soils, Australian native food, Rhizophoraceae
(This may or may not be the billabong tree in the Australian song "Waltzing Matilda".)
Carallia brachiata, Territory Native Plants
Ipecacuanha, (Carapichea ipecacuanha), herbal medicine, syrup of ipecac, amoebicide
| Emetine | formerly very popular herbal medicine, Rubiaceae
Holy thistle, (Carbenia benedicta), erect branched stem, grey-green leaves, yellow flowers surrounded by leathery scales (leaves) tipped with long yellow-red spines, long cylindrical seed, very bitter taste, folk medicine for nursing mothers and difficult menstrual periods, herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Cuckoo flower, (Cardamine pratensis), lady's smock, perennial herb, light shade, damp soil, small pale pink flowers, culinary, leaves in salads, herbal remedy, treat coughs, Europe, Brassicaceae
Bulbous bittercress, (Cardamine bulbosa), spring cress, edible pepper-tasting leaves, North America, Brassicaceae
See diagram: Cardamine pratensis
Hoary cress, (Cardaria draba), white top, weed of cereal crops, Asia, Southern Europe, Brassicaceae
Balloon vine, (Cardiospermum grandiflorum), invasive, smothers vegetation, ornamental, world wide, noxious weed Australia and South Africa, Sapindaceae
Lesser balloon vine, (Cardiospermum halicacabum), heart seed, climbing roadside weed, Africa, Australia North America, Sapindaceae
Nodding thistle, (Carduus nutans), musk thistle, "true thistle", plumeless thistle, grows to 1.8 m, spiny wings on stem, green lanceolate very prickly leaves, large drooping, crimson-purple flowers, small achenes have longitudinal dotted stripes, unpalatable to livestock, aggressive growth and rapid spread in over-grazed and fertilized pastoral systems, accidentally introduced to USA, New Zealand, Australia and Argentina, where aggressive growth and rapid spread in pastoral systems, over-grazed and fertilized land particularly vulnerable, Asteraceae
"Musk thistle" in United States and Canada is a complex of closely-related species of Carduus nutans, Western Europe, Asteraceae.
Plumeless thistle, (Carduus acanthoides), purple flower heads, deeply lobed leaves, pasture invasive, noxious weed, North America, Europe, Asia, Asteraceae
The "true thistles", unlike other thistle genera, "true thistles" have feathered hairs attached to their achenes
Northern silky oak, (Cardwellia sublimis), bull oak, up to 40 m, stem up to 2m, used in house framing and furniture, Australia, Proteaceae
Tall sedge, (Carex appressa), sedge, up to 800 mm, large yellow seed heads, grow in wet areas in full sun or partial shade or around pool area in pots or mass plantings, Australia, Cyperaceae
Sedge, (Carex halleriana), "true" sedge, Western Asia, southern Europe, Cyperaceae
Rainforest sedge, (Carex brunnea), Australia, Cyperaceae
Papaya Project, (Carica papaya), Caricaceae
Natal plum, (Carissa grandiflora), carissa, thorny shrub, ornamental, thornless selections good for hedges or spiny hedges, fruit, medium red, milky juice, used fresh, salads, sauce, juice, propagation from seeds, air-layering, cuttings, South Africa, Apocynaceae
Natal plum, Daleys Fruit Trees
Karanda, (Carissa carandas), thorny shrub, small acid purple-black fruit, used for juice and jelly, propagation from seeds, air-layering cuttings, India, Apocynaceae
Currant bush, (Carissa lanceolata), conker berry, erect shrub, up to 3 m, cliff faces and flood plains, creek margins, wood contains |Carissone | Dehydrocarissone | Carindone | Australian native food, Apocynaceae
Carissa, (Carissa ovata), native scrub lime, karey, baroom bush, turkey bush, Australian native food, Apocynaceae
Carissa ovata, Native Plants Queensland
Panama hat plant, (Carludovica palmata), toquilla palm, seed plant, large umbrella-like leaves but no woody trunk like palms, edible young leaves, fruits, shoots and roots, flexible stem used to make mats and bags, widely used ornamental plants, Tropical America, Cyclanthaceae
Saguaro, (Carnegiea gigantea), sage of the desert, giant saguaro cactus, slow growing, up to 2 m after 50 years up to 15 m after 120 years, branched columnar, white flowers just below the top of the stem, red edible fruits, state wildflower of Arizona, | Salsolidine alkaloid | USA, Cactaceae
Carnegiea gigantea, OSU
Carpentaria palm, (Carpentaria acuminata), slender smooth palm, up to 20 m, grey trunk, widely spaced rings, long feather-like fronds up to 4 m long, white flowers, small round red fruit with fruit flesh is highly caustic, popular landscape plant, Northern Australia, Arecaceae.
Carpentaria acuminata, Donald Simpson
Hornbeam tree, (Carpinus betulus), common hornbeam, European hornbeam, ornamental, parks, England, Asia, Betulaceae
Pigface, (Carpobrotus glaucescens), nully pigface, angular pigface, succulent, coastal cover crop, hardy plant,
groundcover on coastal sand dunes, leaves used as a salt substitute, stunning purple-pink flowers, red fruit tastes like salted apples or strawberries,
but do not eat fruit skin, high nutritional value, ornamental creeper, plant it in full sun, fertilize with wood ash, dolomite and rock dust, grows from cuttings,
herbal medicine, crushed leaves used to treat sunburn, burns, bites, jellyfish stings, sore throat, laryngitis, South Africa, Australian native food, Aizoaceae
, Daley's Fruit Tree Nurserys
, Australian National Herbarium
See diagram: Carpobrotus glaucescens
See diagram: Carpobrotus glaucescens
Native pigface, (Carpobrotus rossii), coastal pigface, karkalla, "pig face", prostrate succulent groundcover, hardy plant on
coastal sand dunes southern Australia, light purple flowers, globular purple / red fruit, fresh and dried fruit edible, perhaps salty leaves eaten raw,
but can be cooked for greens, extracts have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, leaf juice used for insect repellent and insect sting relief, Australian native food, Aizoaceae
Eland's sour fig, (Carpobrotus acinaciformis), sally-my-handsome | | in flowers | South Africa, Aizoaceae
Sea fig, (Carpobrotus aequilaterus), thick fleshy lamina, for water storage, mucilaginous sap contains | Pentosans | Aizoaceae
Sea fig, (Carpobrotus chilensis), common on west coast of North America, invasive, South Africa, Aizoaceae
Hottentot fig, (Carpobrotus edulis, Mesembryanthemum edule), ice plant, pigface, sour fig, edible leaves, easy to grow,
succulent, groundcover
| Betanin | Isobetanin | environmental, weed in Western Australia, South Africa, Aizoaceae
Karkalla, (Carpobrotus virescens), coastal pigface, hardy creeping flat ground cover, up to 0.3 m, thick succulent leaves up to 10 cm in length, white-pink/purple flowers with pale yellow centres, used for rockeries and plantings, Australian native food, Australia, Aizoaceae
Carpobrotus virescens, Tucker Bush
See diagram: Hottentot fig
Safflower, (Carthamus tinctorius), distaff thistle, false saffron, annual, up to 50 cm, full sun, up to 1 m, single smooth stem, alternate stalkless, pointed oval bristly leaves, spines at edges, thistle-like flower, red-orange florets, former herbal medicine, seed extracts to treat blood pressure, flowers used as laxatives, yellow or red dye for silk, used as rouge, low cholesterol safflower oil for salads and cooking, florets for saffron substitute food colouring
| Carthamin, (Carthamine) | ancient origin, China, Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as petals.
Saffron thistle, (Carthamus lanatus), woolly distaff thistle, annual, glandular, tangled fibres, pasture weed in Australia, Asteraceae
Caraway, (Carum carvi), ajwain, ajmud, meridian fennel, Persian cumin, biennial, up to 60 cm, full sun, feathery foliage, grow from seed, umbels of small white flowers, culinary uses, in cabbage and pork dishes, breads, with parsnips, turnips, peas, baked apples, caraway "seed" used in cakes and biscuits, distilled to make German liqueur Kummel, Scandinavian alcoholic drink Aquavit | Anethofuran | caraway flavour from | Carvone | lemon flavour from | Limonene | Cuminaldehyde | herbal medicine, is sold as caraway oil, ground caraway, annual from central Europe, biennial form eastern Mediterranean, Apiaceae.
Dried herb is sold as whole seed or dried fruit, not suitable for planting, chewed seed said to stop smell of garlic on the breath!
Caraway essential oil is used in pharmacy, perfumery, food and dried fruit for spasmodic gastrointestinal complaints, flatulence, irritable stomach, indigestion, lack of appetite and dyspepsia in adults.
Caraway, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Ajwain, (Carum copticum), cultivated herbal medicine | mene | Terpene | India, Iran, Apiaceae
Ajmud, (Carum roxburgbianum), wild celery, up to 100 cm, widely cultivated for aromatic dried fruits, herbal medicine, India, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Apiaceae
Pecan, (Carya illinoiensis), hickory tree, deciduous trees, Juglandaceae
See diagram: Pecan
Carya, Daleys Fruit Trees
Carya ovata, shagbark hickory nuts, Juglandaceae
Fishtail palm, (Caryota mitis), beridin, up to 25 m, compound leaves with wedge-shaped, fish tail-like leaflets, flowers on tassel-like clusters, ripe fruits dark red like string of beads, fruit and leaves poisonous, sap stings skin, unripe fruits irritating, calcium oxalate raphides, garden and roadside ornamental, Arecaceae
Native fishtail palm, (Caryota rumphiana), northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
Casimiroa species, sapote, Rutaceae
Anisaldehyde
Solitary fishtail palm, (Caryota urens), jaggery palm, toddy palm, alcoholic drinks, palm sugar, fishing rod from leaf, India, Arecaceae
Carallia brachiata, small red-brown fruit eaten raw, useful timber, Australian native food, Rhizophoraceae
Cardamine species
Cardamine bulbosa, bitter cress, bulbous cress, spring cress, Brassicaceae
Cardamine pratensis, lady's smock, cuckoo flower, perennial herb, light shade, damp soil, small pale pink flowers, culinary, leaves in salads, herbal remedy, treat coughs, Europe, Brassicaceae
See diagram: Cardamine pratensis
Cardiospermum halicacabum, balloon vine, heart seed, Sapindaceae
Cardiospermum grandiflorum, balloon vine, invasive, smothers vegetation, Sapindaceae
Carduus acanthoides, plumeless thistle, Asteraceae
Carduus marianus, milk thistle, herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Carex appressa, sedge, tall sedge, up to 800 mm, large yellow seed heads, grow in wet areas in full sun or partial shade or around pool area in pots or mass plantings, Cyperaceae
Carex halleriana, "true" sedge, Cyperaceae
Carica papaya, papaya, paw paw, tall herb, evergreen, fruit, large, yellow, melon-like, used fresh, juice, propagation from seeds, herbal medicine, grafting, herbal medicine, Tropical America, Caricaceae
Carica pentagona, babaco, Caricaceae
Carissa carandas, karanda, thorny shrub, fruit, small, acid, purplish-black, used juice, jelly, propagation from seeds, air-layering cuttings, India, Apocynaceae
Natal plum, (Carissa grandiflora), carissa, thorny shrub, ornamental, thornless selections good for hedges or spiny hedges, fruit, medium
red, milky juice, used fresh, salads, sauce, juice, propagation from seeds, air-layering, cuttings, South Africa, Apocynaceae
Natal plum, Daley's Fruit Trees
Carissa lanceolata, bush plum, conkerberry, konker berry, Australian native food, Apocynaceae
Carissa, ovata, currant bush, baroom bush, turkey bush, Australian native food, Apocynaceae
Carludovica palmata, Panama hat plant, toquilla, Tropical America, Cyclanthaceae
Carnegiea gigantia, saguaro cactus, very large cactus, Cactaceae
Carpentaria acuminata, Carpentaria palm, Northern Australia, Arecaceae
Carphephorus odoratissimus, (Trilisa odoratissima, Liatris odoratissima, Frasera speciosa), deer tongue, hound's tongue, deer's tongue
Carpinus betulus, hornbeam tree, common hornbeam, ornamental, parks, England, Asia, Betulaceae
Carolina vanilla, vanilla leaf, wild vanilla, vanilla trilisa, whart's tongue, liatris oil, Asteraceae
Carphephorus pseudoliatris, bristle leaf, chaff head, North America, Asteraceae
Carphochaete bigelovi, Bigelow's bristle head, North America, Asteraceae
Carpinus betulus, common hornbeam tree, European hornbeam, Betulaceae
Carpobrotus">Carpobrotus rossii, pigface, Aizoaceae
Carthamus lanatus, saffron thistle, Asteraceae
Safflower">Carthamus tinctorius, safflower, Asteraceae
Caraway">Carum carvi, caraway, used in seedcake, Apiaceae
Carum roxburgbianum, ajmud, India, Apiaceae
Carya, Juglandaceae
Carya illinoiensis, pecan, hickory tree, deciduous trees, Juglandaceae
See diagram: Pecan
Carya, Daley's Fruit Trees
Carya ovata, shagbark hickory nuts, Juglandaceae
Caryocar brasiliense, pequi; piquf, piquia-oil plant, South America, Caryocaraceae
Caryocar nuciferum, pekea nut, souari nut, butter nut tree, South America, Caryocaraceae
Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae, Pink family, (carnations)
Fishtailpalm">Caryota mitis, fishtail palm, Arecaceae
Caryota rumphiana, native fishtail palm, northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
Solitaryfishtail">Caryota urens, solitary fishtail palm, Arecaceae
"Cascara Sagrada", (trade name), seeBuckthorns">Cascara buckthorn Rhamnaceae
white sapote, (Casmiroa edulis), Rutaceae
Casimiroa tetrameria, wooly-leaved sapote, Rutaceae
White sapote, (Casmiroa edulis), Mexican apple, matasano, spreading tree, palmate leaves, deciduous, fast growing, fruit, large, sweet, yellow-green fruit skin, white flesh, fruits cause drowsiness, seeds contain anti-cancer zapotin, vanilla custard taste, fresh, grafting, grown from seeds, Mexico, Rutaceae
Casimiroa edulis, White Sapote, Daley's Fruit trees
Woolly-leaf white sapote, (Casimiroa tetrameria), medium tree, deciduous, leaves have white furry underside, fast growing, fruit is large, yellow custard-like, sweet, fresh, grown from grafting, seeds, Mexico, Central America, Rutaceae.
Pig's senna, (Cassia absus), pig's ear, sparsely-branched, erect annual, up to 1 metre tall, weed of cultivation, harvested from the wild for traditional medicine in both Asia and Africa, Ayurvedic medicine used to treat many health problems, Fabaceae
Leichhardt bean, (Cassia brewsteri), Brewster's cassia, cigar cassia, up to 30 m, in open forests, flowers form a yellow pendulous raceme, fruits are cigar-shaped pods, pod ribbed between the seeds enclosed in a corky disk, hard-coated seed used for mine rehabilitation but seeds usually heavily parasitised, Australia, Caesalpiniaceae, Fabaceae
Cassia specis in Australia
Crown of gold tree, (Cassia excelsa), bright yellow flowers above the leaves in showy flower clusters, seeds in 15 cm long cylindrical pods,
Cassine, Fabaceae
Indian laburnum, (Cassia fistula), cascara, golden rain tree, pudding-pipe tree, purging cassia, up to 20 m, alternately arranged bright green leaves, large racemes of golden bright yellow flowers hang downwards, large woody cylindrical pods containing many seeds in pulp turn dark brown or black as they mature, Cuminaldehyde,
Anthraquinone, Hydrocyanic acid, Ricinoleic acid
Saponins, herbal medicine, laxative, widely grown ornamental, strong timber, India, Fabaceae
Anisaldehyde
Brush cassia, (Cassia marksiana), up to 25 m, fragrant golden-yellow flowers hang in large clusters from lime-green foliage, segmented brown cylindrical fruits contain hard yellow-brown seeds enclosed in a cardboard-like envelope, Australia, Fabaceae
Chinese senna, (Cassia obtusifolia), | Aurantio-obtusin glycoside | Chryso-obtusin glucoside | Obtusifolin glucoside | invasive, widespread, Fabaceae
Yellow shower, (Cassia queenslandica), Queensland cassia, small spreading tree, pinnate foliage and multiple leaflets long spikes of yellow flowers, cylindrical pod fruit , red seeds, spectacular display tree, Australia, Fabaceae
Alexandrian senna, (Cassia senna), Aloe-emodin, Chrysophanol,
Rhein, Sennoside A, herbal medicine, ornamental, Egypt, Sudan, Fabaceae
Velvet cassia, (Cassia tomentella), velvet bean tree, up to 10 m, showy bright yellow perfumed flowers, hardy plant for dry conditions, seed used for mine rehabilitation, Australia, Fabaceae
Sickle senna, (Cassia tora), wild weed, up to 90 cm, stems have strong smell, pale yellow flowers in leaf axils, sickle-shaped pods edible plant and seeds, pesticide, Chryso-obtusin glucoside, Chrysophanic acid anthrone, Rubrofusarin, Chrysophanol, Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamyl acetate, Methoxycinnamate, very useful herbal medicine, laxative to expel intestinal worms, skin diseases, ear ache, eye sensitivity, Southeast Asia, Fabaceae
Septic weed, (Cassia torosa), coffee weed, coffee senna, Mogdad coffee stinking weed, styptic weed, Physicon gentiobioside, topicIndexAd-Az.html#AnthraquinoneH">Anthraquinone, Emodin, Chrysarobin, N-methylmorpholine, herbal medicine, coffee substitute, may poison cattle, Fabaceae
Golden cassinia, (Cassinia aureonitens), yellow cassinia, woodlands plant, erect, open shrub, up to 4 m, dense clusters of small yellow flowers, Australia, New Zealand, Asteraceae
Dodder laurel, (Cassytha filiformis), devil's twine, false dodder, bush dodder, yugulu, globular sweet fruit, eaten raw, invasive parasitic vine, used as a poison and a medicine and social uses and for food, said to be aphrodisiac so called Caribbean "love vine", Asian medicine, Australian native food, Lauraceae
Slender devil's twine, (Cassytha glabella), twining habit, parasitic with haustoria into hosts, degeneration of root system after parasitism, Lauraceae
Cassytha filiformis, few globular sweet fruit, eaten raw, Asian medicine, Australian native food, Lauraceae
Chestnut, (Castanea sativa), sweet chestnut tree, European chestnut, Spanish chestnut, deciduous, (big nuts in spiny sheaths), herbal medicine | tannins | southern Europe, England, (naturalized), Fagaceae
Castanea sativa, Chestnut, Daleys Fruit Trees
Black bean, (Castanospermum australe), Queensland black bean, Moreton Bay "chestnut", Moreton Bay bean, up to 40 m, stem up to 1.2 m diameter, large pendant bean-like fruit, seeds look like chestnuts, but contain | cyanogenetic poison Castanospermine | wild food plant, rainforest timber tree, limited use for wood, fence posts, Australia, Fabaceae
Do NOT eat it, because it is never listed as a "bush food"!
The method of counteracting the poison formerly used by the Australian native people is described in "Australia's Original Languages", by R. M. W. Dixon, Allen & Unwin, 2019, pp 20-22, (ISBN 978 1 76087 523 7), where it describes how in Dyirbal country, (North Queensland), the "staple food" Castanospermum australe, the tall blackbean trees, called mirran, produced pods, 15 cm or more in length, from which three to four "nuts" were baked, finely sliced and soaked in running water, a process taking up to three days
Brown tamarind, (Castanospora alphandii), native chestnut, up to 30 m, pink-brown ovoid fruit, dark brown seeds, distantly related to the true tamarind, in rainforests, Australia, Sapindaceae
Castanospora alphandii, Brown tamarind, Daleys Fruit Trees
She-oak, (Casuarina equisetifolia), coast she-oak, "sheoak", drooping branches like horse hair, ornamental, tree, apparent leaves are
twigs, real leaves reduced to small scales at nodes of the flattened green stem, monoecious, oval woody fruit used as missiles in children's games, herbal medicine, diarrhoea, can fix atmospheric nitrogen, invasive, widespread in Australia and pacific region, Casuarinaceae
Most species of Casuarina are called a "she-oak" or "sheoak"
Swamp sheoak, (Casuarina glauca), Casuarinaceae
Casuarina glauca, Swamp sheoak, daleys Fruit tree Nursery
Drooping she-oak, (Casuarina stricta), dioecious tree up to 10 M, chewable young cones called "oak apples" | Casuarictin | Casuarinin | Pedunculagin | Tellimagrandin | Australia, Casuarinaceae
Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae, the She-oak family
Indian bean tree, (Catalpa bignonioides), very large leaves, white flowers, North America, Bignoniaceae
Yellow catalpa, (Catalpa ovata), China, Bignoniaceae
Northern catalpa, (Catalpa speciosa), showy flowers, North America, Bignoniaceae
'J C. teas', (Catalpa X erubescens), Bignoniaceae
Catalpa bignonioides, Indian bean tree, very large leaves, white flowers, North America, Bignoniaceae
Catalpa ovata, yellow catalpa, China, Bignoniaceae
Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpa, showy flowers, North America, Bignoniaceae
Catalpa X erubescens 'J C. teas', Bignoniaceae
Khat, (Catha edulis), qat, jaad, miraa, erect evergreen glabrous tree, up to 25 m, used as a stimulant, Horn of Africa, Arabian Peninsula.
| Cathine | Cathinone | East Africa, Arabia, the bittersweet family, Celastraceae
Pink periwinkle, (Catharanthus roseus, formerly Vinca rosea), Madagascar periwinkle, rosy periwinkle, bright eyes, sadaphuli, old maid, ornamental perennial, up to 1 m, stems and leaves have milky sap, glossy opposite leaves with prominent white vein, pink flowers with a darker centre,, pair of slender pods with many seeds, environmental weed, catharanthus alkaloids: | Ajmalicine | Alstonine | Catharanthine | Cathenamine alkaloid
| Norharmane
| Leurosine | Loganin | Secologanin
| Vinblastine | Vincristine | Vindoline | more than 66 alkaloids| herbal medicine, diarrhoea, induce abortion, diabetes, said to destroy the excessive white blood cells of leukaemia, noxious weed in Australia, Madagascar. Apocynaceae
See diagram Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus species, (Greek catharanthus pure flower). called periwinkles, come from Madagascar, except C. pusillus, from India
Catharanthus roseus, Botany, Brisbane
Caulerpa, (Caulerpa taxifolia), in aquariums, invasive, "killer algae" of fish, green algae family, Caulerpaceae
Caulerpa taxifolia, DPI, NSW
Caulerpa prolifera is the world's largest single-celled organism
Blue cohosh, (Caulophyllum thalictroides), squaw root, papoose root | Baptifoline | herbal medicine, quinolizidine alkaloids, Berberidaceae
Dried herb is sold as root
New Jersey tea, Ceanothus americanus, leaves were used to make a popular tea, perennial shrub, up to 1 m, multiple green-yellow stems, deep roots, no caffeine, used as tea substitute, prairie plant, fixes nitrogen, anti-microbial, root decoction affects blood coagulation, New Jersey, Rhamnaceae
See diagram: Ceanothus americanus
Mexican bean tree, (Cecropia peltata), trumpet tree, snakewood, up to 20 m, yellow-green flowers, fast growing, cold-sensitive, much variation of fruit quality, fruit, cylindrical hollow, soft, sweet flesh, many small seeds, used fresh, propagation from seeds, pioneer rainforest tree native to the American tropics, Queensland restricted invasive plant, potential to invade rainforests of the Gold Coast, outcompeting native plants and replacing food sources for native animals, aggressive coloniser, succulent fruits, seeds dispersed by flowing water, occupy creek banks, edges of rainforests and forest areas altered by human activity or storm events, large circular leaves resembling Papaya, lower leaf surface is very pale to nearly white/silver, male and female flowers on separate trees, female trees have finger-like spikes, male flowers are smaller with more ‘fingers’, Central and South America, Cecropiaceae
Spanish cedar, (Cedrela odorata), West Indian cedar, cigar box cedar, Barbados cedar, valued aromatic wood, invasive, Meliaceae
Chinese cedar, (Cedrela sinensis), toon tree, Chinese flamingo tree, up to 9 m, brilliant bright pink foliage, ornamental tree, Meliaceae
Balm-of-Gilead, (Cedronella canariensis), Canary Islands balm, Canary balm, , short-lived perennial, up to 1 m, full sun, small pink flowers in terminal heads, elongated dull green leaves with sweet perfume like cedar when brushed, loose spikes of pink, lilac, or white two-lipped flowers, no therapeutic uses, infused to make a tea, added to potpourri for a ‘Woodsy’ scent, fragrant seeds, Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Lamiaceae
(See: Bible, Genesis 37:25, but the "balm" may have been from (Pistacia lentiscus), mastic tree). Burseraceae
Cedrus species, conifers, conifer
Kapok tree, (Ceiba pentandra) ceiba, Java cotton, pochote, silk cotton tree, up to 70 m, deciduous shedding palmate leaves before flowering, clusters of thick conical thorns, seeds surrounded by light, strong fibres for mattresses called "kapok", now replaced by synthetics, tropical forest tree | | resin for kapok seed oil, tannin, herbal medicine bark aphrodisiac, fever, asthma, root tonic, South America, west Africa, Malvaceae
Lagos spinach, (Celosia argentea), celosia, plumed cockscomb, woolflower, wild cockscomb, dense bright-coloured clusters of flowers | Niacin | herbal medicine, blood discharge, dysentery, eye inflammation, swellings, invasive weed, Asia, Amaranthaceae
See diagram: Celosia argentea
Celosia argentea, Lagos spinach, Daleys Fruit Trees
Cockscomb, (Celosia cristata), wool flower, wild cockscomb, bright-coloured deeply crenated and ruffled flowers, annual ornamental, flowers | Niacin | Amaranthin
| Betalamic acid | (houseplant), ornamental, Amaranthaceae
Buffel grass, (Cenchrus ciliaris), African foxtail grass, birdwood grass, hardy, drought-tolerant perennial, high oxalate content, easily catches fire, Poaceae
Cornflower, (Centaurea cyanus), bluebottle, bachelor's buttons, astringent tannins, Europe, west Asia, Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as cornflower petals
Centaurea species are called knapweeds
Red star thistle, (Centaurea calcitrapa), global noxious weed, Europe, Asteraceae
Mountain bluet, (Centaurea montana), mountain cornflower, widespread mountain plant, blue flowers, ornamental, Europe, Asteraceae
Knapweed, (Centaurea nigra), common knapweed, black knapweed, perennial, up to 1 m, lobed, hairy leaves, purple flowers, butterfly food, Europe, Asteraceae
Dried herb sold as cornflower petals
Centaury, (Centaurium erythraea), common centaury, spike centaury, European centaury, herbal medicine, gastric disorders, kill worms, topical cure for freckles, Gentianaceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials
Gotu kola, (Centella asiatica), Indian pennywort, Asian pennywort, pegaga, spadeleaf, perennial, graceful, hardy plant, small annual garden herb, groundcover, traditional Asian food / herb, 2-5 leaves a day regarded as brain and body food | Asiaticoside | Asiatic acid | herbal medicine, tonic, improve mental sharpness, temporary relief, arthritis, pain, skin disorders fluid retention, allergies, nervous tension, arthritic pain, ("chemical cocktail"), culinary uses, India, Apiaceae
Gotu kola, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb is sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
See diagram: Gotu kola
Sneezeweed, (Centipeda cunninghamii), gukwonderuk, old man weed, scent weed, native Australian medicinal herb,
in low lying swampy areas of the Murray River, unusual leaf shape, smells of pine trees, Australia, Asteraceae.
| Myriogynic acid | Myriogynin | Flavonoids | Pentacyclic triterpenes | Sesquiterpene lactone Brevilin | Australia, Asteraceae
Centro, (Centrosema pubescens), butterfly pea, flor de conchitas, vigorous twining perennial herb, forms tangled mat or
grows up shrubs, an established pasture plant in Australia, widespread weed of cane fields, roadside banks and other disturbed areas, South America, Fabaceae
Cephalocereus, (Cephalocereus chrysacanthus), large column, green body, woolly top yellow hairs, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Old man cactus, (Cephalocereus senelis), columnar-shaped blue-green cactus, many white hairs, old man cactus, Cactaceae
Plum yew, (Cephalotaxus fortunei), cowtail pine, evergreen trees and shrubs, north China, Cephalotaxaceae
Japanese plum-yew, (Cephalotaxus harringtonia), homoharringtonine alkaloid, Japan, Cephalotaxaceae
Australian pitcher plant, (Cephalotus follicularis), West Australian pitcher plant, pod like a siliqua, Cephalotaceae
Snow-in-summer, (Cerastium tomentosum), grey leaves, white flowers, Caryophyllaceae
Mouse-ear chickweed, (Cerastium vulgatum), Caryophyllaceae
Bur buttercup, (Ceratocephala testiculata), curveseed butterwort, dwarf herbaceous annual plant, up to 8 cm, small yellow flowers, hairy poisonous leaves, hard spiny fruits called 'burs', nvasive in disturbed land, North America, southeastern Europe, Ranunculaceae
Carob tree, (Ceratonia siliqua), St John's bread (desert food of Sant John the Baptist), algaroba, vegetable gum, large tree, evergreen, fast growing, up to 15 years to have pods, grows better in dry climate, fruit, large pod, drinks, chocolate substitute, L-Alanine
Pyrogallol, E410, Locust bean gum, in sweets, syrup, flour, grown from seeds, grafting, Mediterranean region, Fabaceae
Carob tree seeds were used to weigh gold
See: Carat
See diagram: Carob tree
Carob Tree, Daley's Fruit Trees
Coachwood, (Ceratopetalum apetalum) scented satinwood, tarwood, medium-size hardwood, grows straight, fragrant grey bark, wood has caramel odour, used for flooring and furniture, boat building, Australia, Cunoniaceae
New South Wales Christmas bush, (Ceratophyllum gummiferum), long-living large shrub, up to 6 m, sweet honey scent of cream star-shape small white flowers, enlarged red sepals, , light grey rough bark exudes gum when cut, Australia, Cunoniaceae
Ceratophyllum gummiferum, Australian National Herbarium
Coon's tail, (Ceratophyllum demersum), hornwort, aquatic, widespread, common aquarium plant, invasive, Ceratophyllaceae
Pong-pong, (Cerbera odollam), suicide tree, grey bark, dark green spirally -arranged leaves, cluster of white flowers with yellow eye, white latex, single large round green fruit turns pink then black, white poisonous kernel turns black when exposed to the air, thevetin B, (C42H66O18), cardiac glycoside, used for murder | Cerberoside | herbal medicine, purgative, emetic, south Asia, Apocynaceae
Sea mango, (Cerbera manghas), suicide apple, toxic glycosides, coastal, cardiac poison, ceberin glycoside, light wood, ornamental, Seychelles Islands, Apocynaceae
See diagram Red pong-pong tree
Apple cactus, (Cereus peruvianus), Peruvian apple, columnar cactus, blue bloom, brown thorns, (potted houseplant), night flowering, flesh soft, sweet, delicate flavour, (like dragonfruit), attractive, drought tolerant, night pollination by moths or bats, sold as bare-rooted cuttings, South America, Cactaceae
Cereus peruvianus, Apple Cactus, Daleys Fruit Trees
See diagram: Cereus peruvianus
Torch thistle, (Cereus aethiops), sweet potato cactus, multi-stemmed cactus, tall like a taper, South America, Cactaceae
Cereus azureus, upright, slender stems, blue waxy bloom, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Honeywort, (Cerinthe major), ornamental, Europe, Boraginaceae
Cerinthe major, var. purpurens, purple flowers, Boraginaceae
Ceropegia radicans, lantern flower, (houseplant), Apocynaceae
Ceropegia stapeliiformis, (houseplant), Apocynaceae
Ceropegia woodii, hearts entangled, rosary vine, string of hearts, wiry purple stems, heart-shaped leaves, trailer, (houseplant), Apocynaceae
Wax palm, (Ceroxylon alpinum), ceroxylon palm, South American wax palm, very tall tree, Arecaceae
Night-blooming jasmine, (Cestrum nocturum), night-scented jasmine, perennial, up to 1-2 metres +, honey / musk / almond scented flowers give off their aroma in evenings, Solanaceae
Night-Scented Jessamine, (Cestrum nocturum), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Green cestrum, (Cestrum parqui), all parts poisonous, fruits toxic, Solanaceae
Stinging serpent, (Cevallia sinuata), spiny leaf, thick prickly glandular leaves, yellow flowers, red-orange bracts, variable hairs covering the leaves that have yellow glands, blooms at night, unusual plant, Texas, USA, Loasaceae
Chaenactis artemisiifolia, white pin cushion, dusty maiden, North America, Asteraceae
Chaenorhinum minus, dwarf snapdragon, Turkey, Scrophulariaceae
Chaetadelpha wheeleri, wheeler's skeleton weed, North America, Asteraceae
Chaetopappa bellioides, many flower east daisy, rose heath, Asteraceae
Chaiturus marrubiastrum, lion's tail, false mother wort, Lamiaceae
Round-leaf cassia, (Chamaecrista rotundifolia), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Chamaecyparis: Chamaecyparis species, Cupressaceae
Chamaedaphne calyculata, leather leaf, (only species), Ericaceae
Parlour palm, (Chamaedorea elegans), neanthe bella palm, dwarf palm, bright green arching leaves from base, (very popular houseplant), Mexico, Arecaceae
False unicorn root, (Chamaelirium luteum), blazing star, devil's bit, fairy wand, herbal medicine, North America, Melanthiaceae
Cedrela odorata, West Indian cedar, Spanish cedar, cigar box cedar, Barbados cedar, (substitute for Naphthalene), Meliaceae
Cedronella canariensis, Canary Islands-balm, Canary balm, Balm-of-Gilead, short-lived perennial, up to 1 m, full sun, small pink flowers
in terminal heads, elongated dull green leaves with sweet cedarlike perfume when brushed, loose spikes of pink, lilac, or white two-lipped flowers, no therapeutic uses but infused to make a tea, Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Lamiaceae
(See Bible, Genesis 37:25, but the "balm" may have been from Pistacia lentiscus, mastic tree). Burseraceae
Cedrus, conifers, conifer
Ceiba pentandra, kapok tree, Malvaceae
Celosia argentea, plumed cockscomb, Amaranthaceae
Celosia cristata, cockscomb, wool flower, wild cockscomb, Amaranthaceae
Celtis occidentalis, hackberry, nettle tree, deciduous tree, Cannabaceae
Dangshen, (Codonopsis pilosula), bell flower, "Poor man's ginseng", climbing perennial, twining stems, bell-shaped flowers, roots for | Tangshenoside saponin | traditional Chinese medicine, tonic to improve well-being, Campanulaceae
Dried herb is sold as root pieces
Codonopsis pilosula and Codonopsis tangshen are plants widely used in traditional Chinese medicine
Bonnet bellfower, (Codonopsis clematidea), Codonopsine, Central Asia, Campanulaceae
Centranthus augustifolia, centranthus, narrow-leaved valerian, all heal, Hercules wound wort, golden heliotrope, Verbenaceae
Centrosema pascuourum, centurion centro, tropical pasture legume, South America, Fabaceae
Centrosema pubescens, centro, butterfly pea, flor de conchitas, valuable tropical pasture legume, South America, Fabaceae
Centrosema virginianum, Virginian centro, spurred butterfly pea, herbaceous, perennial vine, North and South America, Fabaceae
Cephalocereus chrysacanthus, large column, green body, woolly top yellow hairs, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Cephalocereus senelis, old man cactus, columnar-shaped blue-green cactus, many white hairs, old man cactus, Cactaceae
Cephalotaxus fortunei, plum yew, cowtail pine, evergreen trees and shrubs, north China, Cephalotaxaceae, conifer
Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Japanese plum-yew, homoharringtonine alkaloid, Japan, Cephalotaxaceae, conifer
Cephalotus follicularis, West Australian pitcher plant, pod like a siliqua, Cephalotaceae
Cerastium tomentosum, snow-in-summer, (chickweed), grey leaves, white flowers, Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium vulgatum, mouse-ear chickweed, Caryophyllaceae
Ceratiola ericoides, sand heath, sand hill rosemary, tropical North America, Ericaceae
Ceratocephala testiculata, curveseed, butterwort, poisonous leaves, invasive in disturbed land, North America, Ranunculaceae
Carobtree, Ceratonia siliqua, St John's Bread, carob tree, Fabaceae
Ceratopetalum apetalum, coachwood, scented satinwood, tarwood, timber tree, Australia, Cunionaceae
Ceratophyllum demersum, hornwort, coon's tail, aquatic, widespread, common aquarium plant, Ceratophyllaceae
Ceratozamia hildae, bamboo cycad, Mexico, Zamiaceae, cycad, Phylum Cycadophyta
Pongpong">Cerbera odollam, pong-pong, Apocynaceae
Cercis siliquastrum, red bud, Judas tree, Mediterranean region, deciduous, trees, woody fruits, Fabaceae
Cereus aethiops, torch thistle, sweet potato cactus, multi-stemmed cactus, tall like a taper, South America, Cactaceae
Cereus azureus, upright, slender stems, blue waxy bloom, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Cereus chalybaeus, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Cereus jamacaru, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Apple cactus, (Cereus peruvianus), Peruvian apple, columnar cactus, blue bloom, brown thorns, (potted houseplant), night flowering, flesh soft, sweet, delicate flavour, (like dragonfruit), attractive, drought tolerant, night pollination by moths or bats, sold as bare-rooted cuttings, South America, Cactaceae
Apple Cactus, Daley's Fruit Trees
See diagram: Cereus peruvianus
Honeywort">Cerinthe major, honeywort, Boraginaceae
Ceropegia radicans, lantern flower, (houseplant), Apocynaceae
Ceropegia woodii, hearts entangled, rosary vine, string of hearts, wiry purple stems, heart-shaped leaves, trailer, (houseplant),Apocynaceae
Ceroxylon alpinum, wax palm, ceroxylon palm, South American wax palm, very tall tree, Arecaceae
Nightbloomingjasmine">Cestrum nocturum, night-blooming jasmine, Solanaceae
Cestrum parqui, green cestrum, all parts poisonous, fruits toxic, Solanaceae
Chaenactis artemisiifolia, white pin cushion, dusty maiden, North America, Asteraceae
Lawn chamomile, (Chamaemelum nobile, var. Treneague, Anthemis nobilis), mat-forming low growing perennial, feathery
leaves, non-flowering variety suitable for lawns, e.g. at Buckingham Palace, Asteraceae
Lawn Chamomile, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Roman chamomile, (Chamaemelum nobile), dog fennel, English chamomile, garden chamomile, sweet chamomile,
"true chamomile", herbaceous perennial, mat-forming creeping groundcover, up to 25 cm, soft feathery foliage, full sun, formerly popular for its apple scent when
walked on, shade, yellow-centered and white-rayed flowers, grow on stalks, spreading plant, leaves used as wash, hair conditioner, dried flowers for camomile tea, herbal medicine, digestive problems, morning sickness colic, stress-related dyspepsia, sleeplessness and bad dreams, but may increase drowsiness caused by some drugs and may interact with prescription drugs for osteoporosis or cancer, volatile oil contains | Chamazulene | Angelic acid | Tiglic acid | Sesquiterpene lactones | do not use if taking contraceptive pill or hormone replacement therapy, a study in 2018 showed that people with generalized anxiety order who took chamomile had beneficial responses in their cortisol levels, Western Europe. Asteraceae
Roman Chamomile,
Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images, Asteraceae
Not all "chamomiles" are Chamaemelum species, e.g. German chamolile, Matricaria chamomilla
European fan palm, (Chamaerops humilis), fan palm, large, fan-shaped leaves, (houseplant), Europe, Arecaceae
Peanut cactus, (Chamaeus silvestris), clump-forming, finger-like spined stems, funnel-shaped bright red flowers, very popular cactus, Cactaceae
Geralton wax plant, (Chamelaucium unicinatum), wax flower, conical bracts like a monk's hood surrounding the young flowers, hooked tips of the leaves, dense spreading shrub, up to 6 m, evergreen, fine narrow foliage, star-like aromatic waxy flowers, popular long-living cut flowers, planted as a hedge, feature plant or screen most well-known Australian flowers, Myrtaceae
Charophyta, Chara vulgaris, common stonewort, (algae), Charophyta Division
Crepe ginger, (Cheilocostus speciosus) | Diosgenin | Asia, Costaceae
Wallflower, (Cheiranthus cheiri), colourful flowers, scents in nosegays, called a "gillyflower", because it smells of clove, poisonous, Cheiranthin glucoside from the leaves and seeds with action similar to Digitalis, dangerous cardiotonic drug, formerly used as a diuretic and emmenagogue (stimulate blood flow in pelvic region), now used in small doses as a cardiotonic to treat impotence and paralysis, toxic in large doses, seeds are aphrodisiac, diuretic, expectorant, used to treat bronchitis, fevers and eye injuries, Brassicaceae
Greater celandine, (Chelidonium majus), celandine, swallowwort, 1 metre +, white flowers, orange sap from stem, root shaped like ginger, culinary uses | Chelerythrine | Chelerythrine chloride
| Chelidonic acid | Chelidonine, (C20H19NO5) | Nonacosan-10-ol, (C29H60O) | Sanguinarine | herbal medicine, eyes, blood and liver tonic, may cause liver toxicity, poisonous, purgative, used to cure warts, Papaveraceae
Chelidonium species: | Allocryptopine | Berberine | Magnoflorine | Papaveraceae
Dried herb sold as aerials
Greater Celandine, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Fat hen, (Chenopodium album), lamb's quarters, perennial, hardy plant, up to 1.5 metres, usually a weed, forage for little
chickens, culinary uses, rich in vitamins A and C, nutty flavoured young leaves and flowers, in salads or cooked, Europe, Amaranthaceae
(Chenopodium album ssp. amaranticolor, is used for diagnosis of plant viruses) | Amaranthin | Amaranthaceae
Good King Henry, (Chenopodium bonus-henricus), blitum bonus-henricus, goose foot, fat hen, all good, smear wort, wild spinach,
old cultivated species, looks like spinach, up to 60 cm, young leaves cooked like spinach, but cook thoroughly, because may contain |
Saponins | Oxalic acid | to aggravate rheumatism, arthritis, gout, Europe, Amaranthaceae
Chenopodium species, | Indicaxanthin |
Quinoa, (Chenopodium quinoa), staple ancient pseudograin of Incas in Peru ashes consumed with coca leaves, up to 1-2 m, annual, seeds 1-3 mm diameter coated with bitter saponins to be removed by washing, cuisine, cooked as with rice, ground for bread, gluten-free, easy to digest, folk medicine, antiseptic, South America, Amaranthaceae
Red goosefoot, (Chenopodium rubrum), | Celosianin | Amaranthaceae
Chionanthus virginicus, white fringe tree, greybeard, poison ash, snowdrop, dangling white flowers, North America, Oleaceae
Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, devil's hand tree, monkey's hand tree, (single species), Mexico, Malvaceae
Chlamydomonas, green algae, 9.1.1 Phylum Chlorophyta
Chlorella pyrenoidosa 9.0.2 Green algae, Phylum Chlorophyta, Class Chlorophyceae
Rhodes grass, (Chloris gayana), Rhodes grass, windmill grass, pasture grass, Poaceae
Narrow leaf soap plant, (Chlorogalum augustifolium), soap root, amole, soap lily, (saponin glycosides form a soapy foam), North America, Asparagaceae
Wavy-leafed soap plant, (Chlorogalum pomeridianum), California soaproot, amole, California, Asparagaceae
9.4.0 Chlorophyta, Chlorophytes
Spider plan, (Chlorophytum comosum), common spider plant, spider ivy, hen and chickens, popular houseplant,Africa, Asparagaceae.
'Safed musli', Chlorophytum borivilianum, vegetable, tiggenin, (steroidal sapinigen)lanceolate leaves eaten as a leaf vegetable, roots are used for a folk medicine to treat sex disorders, India, Asparagaceae
Pareira, (Chondodendron tomentosum), woody climber into rainforest canopy, large heart-shaped leaves have silky underside, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in root used to make "arrow poison" curare, powerful muscle relaxant can cause asphyxia, traditional medicine, bitter tonic, diuretic, febrifuge, relaxant, used to treat oedema, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, snake bite, tetanus, South America, Menispermaceae
Skeleton weed, (Chondrilla juncea), vegetative reproduction by tuberous roots, produces a large tap root which can compete with native plant species for nutrients and water, major problem of wheat fields and can reduce yields, threatens native species, resistant to many herbicides, Asteraceae
Chondrus crispus, Irish moss, Phylum Rhodophyta
Dried herb sold as fronds powder
Climbing frangipani, (Chonemorpha fragrans), vigorous, deciduous, yellow-throated white blooms, delicious perfume, grows in full sun, Apocynaceae
Silk floss tree, (Chorisia speciosa), deciduous, up to 13 m, purple flowers, "most beautiful tree in the world", Brazil, Bombacaceae
Siam weed, (Chromolaena odorata), Christmas bush, common floss flower, herbal medicine, prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Asteraceae
Golden cane palm, (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens), butterfly palm, golden stems and leaf stalks, Madagascar, Arecaceae
Boneseed, (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera), Queensland restricted invasive plant, Asteraceae
Bitou Bush, (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundifolia), Queensland restricted invasive plant, South Africa, Asteraceae
Pyrethrum, (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium), Dalmation chrysanthemum, perennial, up to 70 mm, grow from seed, basal clump
of grey-green leaves, thin, erect flower stem, white flower with yellow centre, seeds attached to calyx beneath the flower, commercial production of insecticide
pyrethrum from dried flower heads | jasmolone monoterpene | ornamental, Yugoslavia, Asteraceae
Pyrethrum, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Chrysanthemum (Greek chrysos gold, anthenon flower)
"Chrysanthemum", (Chrysanthemum X morifolium), (most important hybrid), Asteraceae
(A chrysanthemum flower with 16 petals is the emblem of Japan)
Yellow chrysanthemum, (Chrysanthemum coronarium), edible chrysanthemum, Asteraceae
Pyrethrum daisy, (Chrysanthemum coccineum), Persian pellitory, painted daisy, formerly commercial production of insecticide
pyrethrum from dried flower heads, ornamental, Asteraceae
Ox-eye daisy, (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), moon daisy, maudelenwort, grassland perennial, ornamental, invasive, annual,
former herbal medicine, diuretic, not cultivated, weed in damp places, ornamental, Greece, Asteraceae
Florists' daisy, (Chrysanthemum morifolium), "chrysanthemum", hardy garden mum, "ju hua", Chinese chrysanthemum, hardy,
herbal medicine, used to treat many disorders in Chinese medicine, boiled to make Chinese "chrysanthemum tea", added to Korean rice wine, many chemical
compounds, houseplant removes toxic chemicals from air, ornamental, Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as chrysanthemum flowers
Chrysanthemum coccineum, pyrethrum daisy, Persian pellitory, painted daisy, formerly commercial production of insecticide pyrethrum from dried flower heads,
ornamental, Asteraceae
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, ox-eye daisy, moon daisy, maudelenwort, grassland perennial, ornamental, invasive, annual, former herbal medicine, diuretic, not
cultivated, weed in damp places, ornamental, Greece, Asteraceae
Chrysanthemum morifolium, florists' daisy, "chrysanthemum", hardy garden mum, "ju hua", Chinese chrysanthemum, hardy,
herbal medicine, used to treat many disorders in Chinese medicine, boiled to make
Chinese "chrysanthemum tea", added to Korean rice wine, many chemical
compounds, houseplant removes toxic chemicals from air, ornamental, Asteraceae
Dried herb sold as Chrysanthemum flowers
Coco plum, (Chrysobalanus icaco), (variety 'Icaco Plum'), shrub, paradise plum, icaco, evergreen, slow growing, fruit, smooth, white or purple, cotton-like pulp, used fresh jellies, preserves, propagation from seeds, grown as an ornamental, South Florida, West Indies, Chrysobalanaceae
Yellow buttons, (Chrysocephalum apiculatum), cate's orange, common everlasting, desert flame, groundcover, yellow flower heads, Australia, Asteraceae
Star apple, (Chrysophyllum cainito), cainito, caimito, satin leaf tree, large tree, evergreen, slow growing, fruit, large, purple, gold, green, edible pulp, used fresh, propagation from seeds, cuttings, grafting, Tropical America, Sapotaceae
Chrysophyllum cainito, Star apple, Daly's Fruit Trees
Damson plum, (Chrysophyllum oliviforme), Sapotaceae
Love grass, (Chrysopogon aciculatus), amorseco, lesser spear grass, perennial, creeping stout rhizomes, up to 50 cm, sharp spikelets stick to clothing and animal fur |
Hydrocyanic acid | herbal medicine, expel intestinal worms, rheumatism, invasive weed, prevent soil erosion, Southeast Asia, Australia, Poaceae
Vetiver grass, (Chrysopogon zizanioides), perennial, up to 1. 5 metres, clumping grass, moisture conservation and erosion control, mulch, aromatic root yields valuable oil used in perfumery, drinks, foods, cosmetics, soaps, crafts, insect repellent, herbal medicine, tonic, digestive, temporary relief of arthritis, fevers, stress, aromatherapy, culinary uses, herbal medicine, Poaceae
Vetiver Grass, Vetiveria zizanioides, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Chickpea, (Cicer arietinum), chickpea, garbanzo, bengal gram, hummus, widely cultvated not wild, important ancient pulse, fodder, traditional medicine | Pratensein C16H12O6 | Turkey, Fabaceae
Chamaecyparis, Conifers, conifer
Chamaedorea elegans, parlour palm, Mexico, popular dwarf palm, (houseplant), Arecaceae
Chamomile">Chamaemelum nobile, chamomile, camomile, garden chamomile, Asteraceae
Chamelaucium unicinatum, Geralton wax plant, Myrtaceae
Chara vulgaris, common stonewort, (algae), Characeae
Cheilocostus speciosus, crepe ginger | Diosgenin | Asia, Costaceae
Cheiridopsis subaequalis, cheiridopsis, succulent leaves, Southern Africa, Aizoaceae
Greatercelandine">Chelidonium majus, greater celandine | Chelerythrine chloride | herbal remedy, Papaveraceae
Chicory, (Cichorium intybus), Belgium endive, groundsel bush, succory, witloof, perennial herb, basal rosette of long leaves with backward pointing lobes, tall bare branching stems lose milky sap when damaged, daisy-like blue flowers, brown to black seeds, long fleshy tap root contains latex and pieces used for reproductions, leaves cooked as vegetable or used in salad, roots are roasted and crushed used for medicinal use and mixing with coffee or as a coffee substitute, pasture grass, roadside weed, taints milk and butter, contains 68% inulin, herbal remedies for many ailments, high concentration dangerous for grazing animals
Europe, Asteraceae
Endive, (Cichorium endivia), escarole, (U.S. Chicory), widely cultivated bitter-leafed vegetable used as a salad vegetable in Mediterranean dishes, harvest after 10 weeks, remove bitterness this by placing straw mulch over leaves for blanching, Europe, Asteraceae
Chionanthus virginicus, white fringe tree, greybeard, poison ash, snowdrop, dangling white flowers, North America, Oleaceae
Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, devil's hand tree, monkey's hand tree, (single species), Mexico, Malvaceae
Chloris gayana, Rhodes grass, windmill grass, pasture grass, Poaceae
Chlorogalum augustifolium, narrow leaf soap plant, soap root, amole, soap lily, (saponin glycosides form a soapy foam), North America, , (Agavoideae), Asparagaceae
Chlorophytum borivilianum, vegetable, tiggenin, (steroidal sapinigen), herbal medicine, sex disorders, India, Asparagaceae
Chlorophytum comosum, spider plant, hen and chickens, linear variegated leaves arch to form cascade, (common houseplant), southern Africa, Asparagaceae
Chondodendron tomentosum, Pareira, woody climber into rainforest canopy, large heart-shaped leaves have silky underside, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in root used to make "arrow poison" curare, powerful muscle relaxant can cause asphyxia, traditional medicine, bitter tonic, diuretic,
febrifuge, relaxant, used to treat oedema, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, snake bite, tetanus, South America, Menispermaceae
Skeleton weed, (Chondrilla juncea), vegetative reproduction by tuberous roots, Asteraceae.
Irish moss, (Chondrus crispus), Gigartinaceae
Dried herb sold as fronds powder.
Climbing frangipani, (Chonemorpha fragrans), vigorous, deciduous, yellow-throated white blooms, delicious perfume, grows in full sun, Apocynaceae.
Silk floss tree, (Chorisia speciosa), deciduous, up to 13 m, purple flowers, "most beautiful tree in the world", Brazil, Bombacaceae.
Siam weed, (Chromolaena odorata), Christmas bush, common floss flower, herbal medicine, Prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Asteraceae.