School Science Lessons
2024-09-27
Please send comments to: j.elfick@uq.edu.au
(UNBiolN3T)
Genus names, T, (Tabebuia to Turnera)
Trumpet tree, (Tabebuia avellanedae), pau d'arco, pink trumpet tree, taheebo, Brazil, Bignoniaceae
Tabebuia avellanedae, Pau D' Arco, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb sold as bark, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Rosy trumpet tree, (Tabebuia rosea), pink poui, ornamental tree, Bignoniaceae
Yellow poui, (Tabebuia serratifolia), ornamental tree, trumpet tree, Bignoniaceae
Pink trumpet tree, (Tabebuia palmeri, Tabebuia impetiginosa), semi-deciduous tree, in spring leafless tree and covered pale pink frilly flowers, South America, Bignoniaceae
Pinwheel-flower, (Tabernaemontana catharinensis), spinwheel-jessamine, semideciduous tree, open crown, up to 8 metres, crooked bole, corky bark, pioneer plant for restoring native woodland, ornamental, | Affinine | South America, Apocynaceae
Crepe jasmine, (Tabernaemontana coronia), milk wood, ornamental shrub, Apocynaceae
Dwarf pinwheel (Tabernaemontana corymbosa), small tree with a dense, rounded crown, elliptic leaf blade with elongated tip, fragrant white flowers with yellow throat and shaped like pinwheels, indole alkaloid Yohimbine C21H26N2O3, Singapore, Apocynaceae
Banana bush, (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui), Apocynaceae
Tabernaemontana pandacaqui. Banana bush, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Becchete, (Tabernaemontana undulata), | Ibogaine, native Amazon eye medicine), Apocynaceae
Iboga, (Tabernanthe iboga), rainforest shrub, | Ibogaine, Apocynaceae
East Indian arrowroot, (Tacca leontopetaloides), Tahiti arrowroot, Fiji arrowroot, East Indies arrowroot, pia, bat plant, Indo-Pacific canoe plant, Southeast Asia, Dioscoreaceae
Mexican tarragon, (Tagetes lucida), Mexican mint marigold, cloud plant, Spanish tarragon, sweet mace, sweet marigold, winter tarragon, Texas tarragon, perennial herb, up to 60 cm, easy to grow from seed or cuttings, 30-45 cm high, leaves give a sweet aniseed flavour to salads, and yellow flowers used as an edible garnish.
The narrow leaves can be added whole to herb salads and fruit salads, and used as a delicious tea and tarragon substitute, oblong leaves with toothed edges have fine oil glands with a distinct aniseed scent and flavour, small yellow flowers in terminal clusters, culinary uses, anise flavour, in savoury dishes, fruit salad, dressings, herb tea, vinegar, tingle taste, tarragon-like flavoured leaves so may be tarragon substitute, but used less than French tarragon in recipes, herbal vinegar medicine, supposed used to anaesthetize Aztec sacrificial victims | Anethole | Estragole | Mexico, Asteraceae
Mexican Tarragon, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Tagetes lucida), See text below Description.
Tagetes lucida, Mexican tarragon, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Mexican marigold, (Tagetes erecta), African marigold, Aztec marigold, flor de muertos
| Lutein | Zeaxanthin | Mexico, Asteraceae
See diagram: Tagetes erecta.
Passionfruit marigold, (Tagetes lemmonii), ferny foliage, slight smell, daisy flowers during autumn and winter, Asteraceae
Southern marigold, (Tagetes minuta), black mint, muster John Henry, stinking roger, khakibos, wild marigold, culinary uses, dry leaves for seasoning, South American cuisine where is sold as "black mint paste", herbal medicine respiratory and digestive problems, South America, Asteraceae
French marigold, (Tagetes patula), marigold, "small marigold", popular ornamental edging plant, on butterfly farms, herbal medicine, culinary uses, Mexico, Asteraceae
Large-leaf fameflower, (Talinum calycinum), (calcycinum: persistent calyx), rock pink, perennial, pink flowers, rocky mountains, North America, Talinaceae
Waterleaf, (Talinum fruticosum), Philippine spinach, sweetheart, perennial, herbaceous succulent, up to 100 cm, pink flowers, herbal
medicine, in Indonesia, tonic properties as "panax ginseng", culinary uses, leaves in salads and cooked dishes, leaf vegetable, oxalic acid, Mexico, Talinaceae
Fameflower, (Talinum paniculatum), Jewels-of-Opar, pink baby's breath, herbaceous, perennial plant, jewel-like fruits, herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, common ornamental, North and South America, Talinaceae
Surinam spinach, (Talinum triangulare), waterleaf, Surinam purslane, Philippine spinach, sweetheart, flame flower, Florida spinach, herbaceous annual. perennial, edible leafy vegetable, invasive, West Africa, Portulaceae
Talinum triangulare, Surinam spinach, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Cotopriz, (Talisia oliviformis), cotoperis, yellow genip, guayo, medium tree, evergreen, slow growing, dioecious, fruit, ovoid, yellow, small spherical, leathery skin, translucent yellowish or pink pulp, 1 large seed, used fresh, juices, jams, roasted, propagation from seeds or air-layering, Central and South America, Sapindaceae
Tamarind, (Tamarindus indica), tinthinikam, Indian date, asam, large tree, pod, brown, pulp date-like, used drink, preserves, chutney evergreen, herbal medicine, propagation from seeds, grown from air-layering or grafting, one of the best shade trees, fruits high in sugar, calcium, phosphorus and thiamine, herbal medicine, India, Fabaceae
Tamarindus indica was sent to Brisbane City Botanic Gardens from Sydney Botanic Gardens in 1854.
See diagram: Tamarindus
Tamarindus indica, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
See diagram: Brown tamarind.
Athel pine, (Tamarix aphylla), saltcedar, windbreaks, fire barrier, excretes salt so making ground salty, invasive competition with native plants, possible was the eshel tree planted by Abraham in Book of Genesis in the Bible, Genesis 21:33-34, Tamaricaceae
French tamarisk, (Tamarix gallica), saline soils, has waxy exudate that was possibly the "manna" mentioned in the Bible, ornamental, Saudi Arabia, Tamariceaceae
Blue boneset, (Tamaulipa azurea), climbing shrub, blue flowers, beverages, herbal medicine, Mexico, Asteraceae
Feverfew, (Tanacetum parthenium), (Latin febrifuga, fever, fugare drive away), bachelor's buttons, featherfoil,
mutterkraut, midsummer daisy, matrem, aromatic perennial, companion plant, bush, up to 60 cm, leaves with citrus smell, daisy-like flowers similar to chamomile,
outer florets white, yellow disc florets | Parthenolide | herbal medicine, a health staple, offering migraine relief and treating inflammation, fever, insect bites, menstrual issues, arthritis, migraine headache, skin damage but contact dermatitis, febrifuge, acts against Leishmania infection, essential oil anti-microbial, herbal tea but not for pregnant women, because may cause uterine contractions, avoid using with alcohol, bitter taste and chewing leaves causes mouth sores, may affect platelets, ornamental, invasive, Europe, Asteraceae
Chrysanthemum x morifolium, "Chrysanthemum", (most important hybrid), Asteraceae
Feverfew, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Tanecetum parthenium), See text below Description.
Feverfew - Golden, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Tanecetum parthenium 'Aureum'), Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Tanacetum species are called tansies.
Painted daisy, (Tanacetum coccineum), pyrethrum daisy, popular colourful garden flower, Asteraceae
(Tanacetum gracile), The essential oil of Tanacetum gracile, a cold desert alpine highly aromatic herb, has 40 constituents including: | Camphor | Lavandulol | Alpha-phellendrene | Alpha-bisabool | Chamazulene | Himalayas, Asteraceae
Costmary, (Tanacetum balsamita), alecost, balsam herb, mint geranium, perennial, temperate, up to 40 cm, small button-shaped flowers, sweet aromatic leaves pressed for perfumed, bookmarks, dried for fresh leaves in salads, sauces, soups and beverages, used for flavouring ale, Mediterranean, Asteraceae
Tansy, (Tanacetum vulgare), sweet tansy, bitter buttons, bachelor's buttons, golden buttons, perennial, up to 50 cm, companion plant, dried leaves in sachets in cupboards, garden spray, mulch, culinary uses, to flavour biscuits, Hungary, Asteraceae
Tansy, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Dandelion, (Taraxacum officinale), pepper bush, piss beds, wet-the-bed, piddley bed, (French dent de lion, lion's tooth, leaves have basal rosette, toothed), perennial in grasslands, up to 30 cm, bright yellow florets, stems have milky juice, culinary uses, pickled leaves in salads as dandelion greens, steamed, tea from roasted root, root roasted as coffee substitute | Lactucopicrin | Lactucin | herbal medicine, detoxifies, blood and liver tonic, diuretic, treat rashes, burdock and dandelion cordial for gout, pasture weed, vegetative reproduction by contractile tuberous roots, stalk cross sections used to show osmotic pressure and absorbing pressure, stigmas curve back to allow self fertilization, rich in vitamins A, B, C, and minerals, Asteraceae
A "dandelion clock" is a children's game where the number of puffs needed to blow away all the achenes from the white ball of the seed head, blowball, is supposed to " tell the time".
Dandelion, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Dried herb is sold as root and as leaf.
Brush pepperberry, (Tasmannia insipida), up to 3 m, red stems, crushed lance-shaped leaves have pepper flavour, small white flowers as umbels from leaf axils, separate male and female flowers on the one plant oval-shaped, edible red berries have pepper flavour, Australian native food, Winteraceae
Mountain pepper, (Tasmannia lanceolata), Tasmanian pepperberry, Cornish pepper leaf, compact shrub, up to 2.5 m, up to 10 lanceolate aromatic leaves with pale undersurface, red-crimson young stems, small white flowers, black globose berries, separate male and female plants, frost and snow hardy, shade tolerant, hot spicy leaf and berry, pepper flavour from polygodial, condiment, use to flavour vinegar and casseroles, Australian native food, Winteraceae
Tasmannia lanceolata Tasmanian Native Pepper Berries, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Tasmannia lanceolata, Mountain pepper, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Dorrigo pepper, (Tasmannia stipitata), Australian native food, Winteraceae
Alpine pepper, (Tasmannia xerophila), Australian native food, Winteraceae
Pond cypress, (Taxodium ascendensn), occurs in still blackwater rivers, ponds and swamps, North America, Mexico, Cupressaceae
Bald cypress, (Taxodium distichum), occurs along rivers with silt-rich flood deposits, North America, Mexico, Cupressaceae
Montezuma cypress, (Taxodium mucronatum), occurs on the banks of streams and rivers, North America, Mexico, Cupressaceae
Trumpet bush, (Tecoma stans), yellow bells, ornamental tree, use shoot to demonstrate suction pressure
| Actinidine | Bignoniaceae
Cape honeysuckle, (Tecomaria capensis), ornamental tree, Bignoniaceae
Samphire, (Tecticornia indica), up to 1 m, no leaves, leaf-like jointed stem and branches, scale-like flowers, round green fruit, many hairy seeds in capsule, grows in coastal and inland saline areas, Australia, Amaranthaceae
Tecticornia indica, Magnetic Island Plants
WA samphire, (Tecticornia lepidosperma), sea asparagus, tucker bush, erect shrub, up to 1 m, grows in saline areas and tidal mud flats, grown in pots, Australian native food, Australia, Amaranthaceae
Tecticornia lepidosperma, Tucker Bush
(Samphire is the common name for genus Tecticornia plants,)
Tecticornia lepidosperma, Tucker Bush
Teak tree, (Tectona grandis), many local names, hardwood timber tree, up to 45 m, trunk is15 m, most well-known world timber, used in construction and decoration and especially boat-building, in monsoon forests of Southeast Asia, Brazil, Verbenaceae
Waratah, (Telopea speciosissima), (floral emblem of the state of New South Wales), shrub up to 4 m, dark green leaves, large showy flower, stems from lignotuber, follicle, Proteaceae
Telopea speciosissima, Tree waratah, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
9.1.0 Plant Classification of (Telopea speciosissima)
based on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia
Classificatrion of the New South Wales's floral emblem, the Waratah flower:
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Subfamily: Grevilleoideae
Genus: Telopea
Species: speciosissima
Latin name: Telopea speciosissima
Common name: Waratah
Plantae - it is a green plant
Magnoliophyta - it has cotyledons, flowers and seeds
Proteales - it has 4 perianth segments in each flower
Proteaceae - it has 3 perianth segments fused and 1 perianth segment free
Grevilleoideae - it has flowers in pairs
Telopea - it has large pink-red bracts surrounding the flowerhead
Telopea (Greek telopos seen from afar)
speciosissima - from speciosissimus (Latin), very handsome or beautiful, very splendid or showy
Kakadu plum, (Terminalia ferdinandiana), billygoat plum, gubinge, murunga, high in vitamin C, strong antimicrobial and antioxidant properties
.
It was eaten and used for generationa by indigenous communities to treat headaches, colds and flu. and as an antiseptic.
It is used to prevent food spoilage, e.g. prawns, similar to olives, Australian native food, Combretaceae
Terminalia ferdinandiana, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
See diagram: Salsify.
See diagram Kakadu plums, and KP Powder
Brown damson, (Terminalia arenicola), cultivated along NQ beaches. but fetid odour, Combretaceae
Arjuna tree, (Terminalia arjuna), Ayurvedic medicine, sacred to the Buddha, tassar silk from Antheraea paphia moth which eats leaves, dried herb sold as bark powder, Combretaceae
Myrobalan, (Terminalia bellirica), bahera, beleric, bastard myrobalantanni, Ayuredic medicine, street lining, cattle fodder, India, Combretaceae
Indian almond, (Terminalia catappa), Bengal almond, Malabar almond, sea almond, tropical almond, tropical forest tree, fallen leaves, used as folk medicine, Asia, Africa, Australia, Combretaceae
Terminalia catappa, Indian Almond, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Black myrobalan, (Terminalia chebula), Indian gall nut, chebulic myrobalan, hareetaki, kadukka nut, tropical almond, herbal medicine, South Asia, Combretaceae
Okari nut, (Terminalia kaernbachii), Combretaceae
Australian almond, (Terminalia muelleri), Combretaceae
East Indian almond, (Terminalia myriocarpa), Combretaceae
Damson, (Terminalia sericocarpa), sovereignwood, damson plum, semi-deciduous tree, up to 30 m. stem up to 1 m diameter, used for house framing construction, Combretaceae
Triphala, Emblica officinalis + Terminalia beleria +Terminalia chebula), India, dried herb sold as powder in Ayuredic herbal mixture.
Stoneleaf, (Tetracera scandens), itching, whole plant decoction used to treat snake bite, Dilleniaceae
Nutmeg bush, (Tetradenia riparia), misty plume bush, ginger bush, musk bush, iboza, up to 3 m, sticky aromatic foliage, flowery ornamental, full sun or some shade, fast-growing, dioecious, traditional medicine, use young stems, antiseptic, treat coughs, respiratory problems, stomach ache, diarrhoea, malaria, dengue fever, yaws, toothache, infusion of the leaves and roots as emetic, scent of crushed leaves relieves headaches antispasmodic diterpenes,
essential oil contains: Alpha-terpineol Fenchone Beta-fenchyl alcohol Beta-caryophyllene Perillyl alcohol Phytosterols.
Laboratory leaf extracts show antimicrobial activity, Africa, Lamiaceae
See diagram: Tetradenia riparia, nutmeg bush.
Wu zhu yu, (Tetradium ruticarpum), bitter fruit, used in Chinese medicine, China, Korea, Rutaceae
Warrigal greens, (Tetragonia tetragonioides), New Zealand spinach, native spinach, Botany Bay greens, leafy green herb, cultivated vegetable,
eaten by mariners to ease scurvy, grows in sun and semi-shade, groundcover, reseeds itself, perennial although slow, grown from seeds or cuttings, grows naturally
on sheltered beaches, if harvested often needs extra nitrogen to support leafy habit, survives frost to -3oC, can be harvested for most of year, eat new stem,
leaves and last 5 cm of growing tip, cook or use blanching before eating to eliminate oxalates | Oxalic acid |
but do not reuse this water, better-flavoured low oxalate forms are being developed to taste like English spinach, ground cover or pot herb, herbal medicine,
South America, Australian native food, Aizoaceae
See diagram: Tetragonia tetragonioides
See diagram: Warrigal greens.
Tetragonia tetragonioides, Warrigal greens, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Tetragonia tetragonioides, Warrigal greens, Tucker Bush
Botany Bay spinach, (Tetragonia cornuts), eaten by Captain Cook after sailing from Botany Bay on 6 May, 1770, Australia, Aizoaceae
Cat thyme, (Teucrium marum), perennial, up to 30 cm, aromatic grey leaves and pink flowers, some cats love to roll in it, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Cat Thyme, (Teucrium marum), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Native germander, (Teucrium argutum), perennial herb, up to 50 cm, scrambling and suckering, densely hairy branches, hairy egg-shaped leaves with wavy edges, pink-purple flowers, Australia, Lamiaceae
Canada germander, (Teucrium canadense), wall germander, wood sage, herbal medicine, tea is diaphoretic and diuretic, used to stimulate menstruation, Lamiaceae
Mexican sunflower, (Tithonia diversifolia), arla, perennial, up to 1-3 metres, hardy plant, bees love it, white flowers, seed heads used for dried flower arrangements and painted gold for Christmas decorations, leaves for compost and animal feed, large soft leaves as toilet paper, culinary uses, herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Salsify, (Tragopogon porrifolius), common salsify, goatsbeard, noon flower, Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon, vegetable oyster, gladwin, Jerusalem star, purple salsify, erect, stout, purple daisy flowered, hairless biennial, up to 1.3 m, long grass-like leaves and a fleshy taproot, in damp places, milky sap when damaged. edible taproot has an oyster flavour, environmental weed in Australia, northern Africa, Asteraceae
See diagram: Salsify.
Yellow salsify, (Tragopogon dubius), western salsify, goat's beard, roots were native American food, widespread, Asteraceae
Coltsfoot, (Tussilago farafara), coughwort, perennial, up to 30 cm, hardy plant, bees love the yellow flowers | Retronecine | herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Coltsfoot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
(Teucrium species are commonly known as 'germanders'.)
Tree germander, (Teucrium fruticans), shrubby germander, Mediterranean region, Lamiaceae
Thyme, (Thymus vulgaris), common thyme, garden thyme, French thyme, garden edge perennial, can be walked on, up to 40 cm, beeforage, herbal remedy, antiseptic thyme gargle for sore throat, culinary uses, holds strong flavour so add at beginning of cooking, bouquet garni, casseroles, meat dishes, with zucchini, tomatoes, add to meat, savoury dishes, as a tincture, red thyme oil, white thyme oil, Carvacrol, if taste like oregano or, Thymol, if less penetrating flavour
Cymene, Linalool, Pinene, herbal medicine, produces phenol, antiseptic, Egypt, Lamiaceae
Thymus vulgaris, Common Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Thymus vulgaris, Dried herb is sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lemon thyme, (Thymus X citriodorus), lemon-scented thyme, mother of thyme, Breckland thyme, wild thyme, perennial, 20 cm,
Lamiaceae
Thymus x citriodorus, Lemon Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
See diagram: Lemon thyme.
Wild thyme, (Thymus serphyllum), creeping thyme, perennial, 5 cm, herbal medicine, oil of thyme, lawn grass, Cymene, Lamiaceae
Thymus serpyllum, Wild Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Spanish wood thyme, (Thymus mastichina), mastic thyme, Spanish marjoram, up to 40 cm, delightful refreshing menthol-eucalyptus fragrance, Lamiaceae
Lavender thyme, (Thymus thracicus), lavender-scented thyme, low growing, sturdy leaves and stem, suitable for rockeries, clean thyme smell with lavender, Lamiaceae
See diagram: Lavender thyme.
| Cineole | Cinnamaldehyde
| | Eugenol | Eugenol acetate,
| Linalool | Safrole |
Cretan thyme, (Thymus caespititius), tiny thyme, tufted thyme, dwarf, aromatic mat-forming groundcover shrub, Portugal, Spain, Lamiaceae
Headed savory, (Thymus capitatus), conehead thyme, corido thyme, thyme of the ancients, headed savory, evergreen shrub, up to 0.25 m, Spanish oreganum oil, Israeli oreganum oil, harvested from the wild for food and medicine, Lamiaceae
Caraway thyme, (Thymus herba-barona), perennial, groundcover, with delicious caraway flavour and smell, used in some recipes, Lamiaceae
Spanish thyme, (Thymus nummularius), Italian thyme, perennial, up to 30 cm, tiny fragrant round dark green leaves, grown for its edible qualities, use on pizza and spaghetti, ornamental, Lamiaceae
Creeping thyme, (Thymus praecox), mother of thyme, woolly thyme, low-growing, creeping, woody-based perennial, fragrant, but not a culinary herb, lawn substitute, Lamiaceae
Broad-leaved thyme, (Thymus pulegoides), larger wild thyme, Dutch tea thyme, fragrant, dwarf, woody evergreen, edible leaves before flowers open, ornamental groundcover, Lamiaceae
Five-ribbed thyme, (Thymus quinquecostatus), creeping, woody based perennial, essential oil strongly antiseptic, deodorant and disinfectant, dry rocky hillsides, China, Japan, Russia, Lamiaceae
Sauce thyme, (Thymus zygis), Spanish sauce thyme, evergreen shrub, up to 0.3 m, commonly used as a condiment and as a medicinal herb, Thymol, Portugal, Lamiaceae
"Death carrot", (Thapsia garganica), toxic to sheep, but may yield anti-cancer drug, Mediterranean region, Apiaceae
Katemfe fruit, (Thaumatococcus danielli), Yoruba soft cane, "miracle fruit, number 3" | Thaumatin | Marantaceae
Thellungiella halophila, which is a close relative to Arabidopsis thaliana (the model glycophyte weed) and has been ascribed as a new model marine/halophyte
plant due to its tolerance to saline environments.
(Plants of genus Thellungiella are called saltwater cresses.)
Kangaroo grass, (Themeda triandra), widespread in Australia, large red-brown spikelets on branched stems. Poaceae
Kangaroo grass. DPI, NSW
Cocoa, (Theobroma cacao), Malvaceae
Prairie goldenbanner, (Thermopsis rhombifolia), golden bean, buffalo bean, hardy perennial, up to 30 cm, yellow flowers, cause livestock poisoning, (quinolizidine alkaloids: anagyrine, thermopsine, cytisine, N-methly-cytisine), North America. Fabaceae
Southern toadflax, (Thesium australe), Austral toadflax, slender, bright pale green or yellow green, laxly procumbent herbaceous, short-lived perennial plant to 50cm. hemi-parasitic, nut-like drupes, soft and fleshy seeds in fruit, in grassland, Australia, Santalaceae
Thesium chinense and T. longifolium, popular ingredients in contemporary Asian foods and beverages, folk medicine, Santalaceae
Thesium hystrix, southern Africa, folk medicine, respiratory, bladder and kidney problems, Santalaceae
Thesium minkwitzianum | Thesine | Thesinine | Thesinicine | Thesinine pyrrolizidine alkaloid, C17H21NO3 | South Africa, Santalaceae
Meadowflax, (Thesium pyrenaicum), semiparasite, perennial herb, up to 50 cm, nutlike seeds, Western Europe, Santalaceae
Thesium spicatum, South Africa, folk medicine, Santalaceae
Thesium viride, Nigeria, folk medicine, jaundice, liver enlargement, splenomegaly and ulcers, Santalaceae
Thesium wightianum, India, folk medicine, cheek swelling, Santalaceae
Portia tree, (Thespesia populnea), useful wood, South Pacific region, Malvaceae
Cook tree, (Thevetia neriifolia), yellow oleander | Thevetin, (Thevetine), C42H66O18 | is an active constituent in this highly poisonous plant, West Indies, Apocynaceae
Yellow oleander, (Thevetia peruviana), the be still tree, thevetia, ornamental shrub, up to 2 m, attractive yellow funnel-shaped flowers, popular garden and roadside plant, narrow elongated glossy leaves, hard four-sided fruits with smooth skin, hazardous plant, all parts are poisonous, | Thevetin | Peruvoside | a single dose is toxic to a child, herbal medicine, Central America, Apocynaceae
See diagram Thevetia peruviana.
Thuja species, Cupressaceae
Thujopsis species, Cupressaceae
Thunbergia, (Thunbergia alata), black-eyed susan, orange clock vine, golden glory, sky flower, Bengal clock vine, ornamental climber, Acanthaceae
Annual thunbergia, (Thunbergia annua), Queensland prohibited invasive plant, Africa, Acanthaceae
Mulga grass, (Thyridolepis mulga), Mitchell grass, tufted perennial, woolly at the base, grass-like or herb, 0.1- 0.5 m high green flowers, Australian native pasture, Poaceae
Thryptomene, (Thryptomene saxicola), Thryptomene 'FC Payne', fragrant foliage, Australia, Myrtaceae
Common fringe lily, (Thysanotus tuberosus), Australia, distinctive fringed margins to flowers, Australia, Asparagaceae
Tiger flower, (Tigridia parvona), shellflower, peacock flower, jockey's cap, popular ornamental, Mexico, Iridaceae
Lime tree, (Tilia europaea), linden tree, the most common lime tree / linden tree, also known as (Tilia vulgaris), Malvaceae
Lime tree hybrid, Tilia X europaea, (T. cordata X T. platyphyllos), lime tree, linden tree, natural hybrid, tilleul, herbal medicine, sedative, linden tea to improve excretory system and treat body odours, Malvaceae
Tilia is the only genus of Tiliaceae, linden family, from Europe, but in recent botanical classification systems Tilia is in Malvaceae
Large-leaved linden tree, (Tilia platyphyllos), (large-leaved lime UK), grows in lime-rich soils, dried herb sold as linden flowers, Malvaceae
Basswood, (Tilia americana), American linden tree, Malvaceae
Small-leaved lime tree, (Tilia cordata), garden herb, England, Malvaceae
Silver lime tree, (Tilia tomentosa), Hungary, Malvaceae
Crimean lime tree, (Tilia X euchlora), Malvaceae
Yanang, (Tiliacora triandra), jelly leaf vine, leaves rubbed to extrude green solution used for jellies and soups, Thailand, Vietnam, Menispermaceae
See diagram: Tiliacora triandra, yanang.
Tiliacora triandra, Yanang, Daleys Fruit tree Nursery
Spanish moss, (Tillandsia usneoides), air plant, perennial, epiphyte, cylindrical leaves on slender drooping stems, cascading from plant's support, (novelty plant), (houseplant), hang over fence or tree, no need to water, plant will thicken and lengthen, use as garden mulch, stuffing cushions, herbal medicine, in ointments, Bromeliaceae
Tillandsias (air plants) absorb most, if not all, of their food and water via small scales on the leaf surface, rather than through roots.
Silver-leaved air plant, (Tillandsia argentea), rosettes of narrow, thread-like leaves, (houseplant), Cuba, Jamaica, Bromeliaceae
Pink quill, (Tillandsia cyanea), fan flower, rosette of narrow, grass-like leaves, conspicuous blade-like flower spike, purple-blue pansy-shaped flowers, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae
Poor Man’s tectorum, (Tillandsia magnusiana), thread-like leaves covered in grey scales, (houseplant), Bromeliaceae
Heart-leaved moonseed, (Tinospora cordifolia), gurjo, guruchi, tinosporoside saponin, root, stems, and leaves are used in Ayurvedic medicine for many ailments. but no scientific evidence support, India, Menispermaceae
Quinine plant, (Tinospora crispa), bitter plant, guduchi vine, stalks studded with numerous knobs contain a very bitter, milky sap, many traditional uses. but not verified by science, Laos, Cambodia, Menispermaceae
Tmesipteris elongata, hanging fork fern, Australia, New Zealand, Psilotaceae, Pteridophyta.
Blunt-leaf steelwood, (Toechima dasyrrhache), Sapindaceae
Toechima dasyrrhache, Blunt-leaved steelwood, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Cape tamarind, (Toechima daemelianum), Australia, Sapindaceae
Piggy back plant, (Tolmiea menziesii), grows new plantlets on the back of the older foliage, (houseplant) grows in hanging baskets or shaded areas, Saxifragaceae
Australian red cedar, (Toona ciliata), red cedar, Australia, Meliaceae
Toona ciliata, Australian red cedar, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Kalantas, (Toona calantus), toon tree, medium-sized hardwood, used for decorative applications, South-East Asia, Meliaceae
Florida torreya, (Torreya taxifolia), Florida nutmeg, naya Japan, spiny pointed leaves, male and female organs on separate trees, height to 21 m, endangered species, USA, Taxaceae
Poison ivy, (Toxicodendron radicans), eastern poison ivy | Urushiol | USA, Anacardiaceae
Poison ivy may be 3 different species.
These species can cause severe dermatitis, because they contain Urushiol
Toxicodendron capense, poisonous fruits used to kill hyenas | Hyananchin | Tutin | South Africa, Anacardiaceae
Toxicodendron globosum | Mellitoxin | Anacardiaceae
Asian poison ivy (Toxicodendron orientale, east Asia, Anacardiaceae
Small-flowered poison sumac (Toxicodendron parviflorum, India, Anacardiaceae
Atlantic poison oak (Toxicodendron pubescens, USA, Anacardiaceae
Rhus, (Toxicodendron succedaneun), Japanese wax tree, up to 8 m, spectacular scarlet foliage, formerly a garden plant, but now mostly removed, because of severe painful allergic reactions, Anacardiaceae
Western poison oak, (Toxicodendron diversilobum), in western USA, Anacardiaceae
Atlantic poison oak, (Toxicodendron pubescens) or in southeastern USA, Anacardiaceae
Wax tree (Toxicodendron succedaneum), up to 8 m, beautiful autumn foliage, planted in Australia and New Zealand but not a noxious weed, allergic reactions USA, Anacardiaceae
Western poison oak, (Toxicodendron diversilobum), vine-like low-growing, upright shrub, up to 1 m, leaf shape like oak leaf, lobed or toothed leaflets duller green than poison ivy and with hairs on both sides, tan colour drupes”) has a tan colour.
Folk warning "Leaves of three, let it be".
Ajwain, (Trachyspermum ammi), ajwain, ajowan caraway, carom, ajuan, omum, bishop's weed, leaves and fruit bitter pungent taste of essential oil, small brown oval schizocarp fruits look like caraway, roasted or fries, not eaten raw, used in Indian cooking | essential oil contains mostly| Thymol | Cymene | Pinene
| Terpinenes | many terpenoids | herbal medicine, treat stomach disorders, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, India, Apiaceae
Dried herb is sold as seeds.
See diagram Ajwain umbel
Star jasmine, (Trachelospermum jasminoides), Chinese star jasmine, Confederate jasmine, trader's compass, woody liana, green foliage down to the base, white fragrant flowers, perfume oil for incense, white milky sap, ornamental climber, groundcover, trained to cover unsightly walls, Apocynaceae
Chinese windmill palm, (Trachycarpus fortunei), Chusan palm, up to 20 m, single-stemmed fan palm, long cultivated in China and Japan for its coarse. but very strong leaf sheath fibre, used for making rope, sacks, and other coarse cloth, Arecaceae
Wild parsnip, (Trachymene incisa), perennial forest herb, up to 80 cm, thick rootstock, almost hairless, leaves from base of the plant, deeply lobed with long petioles, white flowers, umbels, ovate brown fruit, roots eaten after baking, Australian native food, Araliaceae
Blue Rottnest Island daisy, (Trachymene caerulea), annual, attractive pompom flowers on long stems, used for cut flowers, Australia, Araliaceae
Wandering jew, (Tradescantia andersonia), satin grass, cover plant, bush, straight stems and lanceolate leaves, grows rapidly to 50 cm, delicate flowers opens on each stem in the morning, Commelinaceae
Flowering inch plant, (Tradescantia blossfeldiana), (houseplant), liana with large leaves and short juicy creeping stems. elliptical fleshy leaves in two distinct rows on trailing stems are green above with a red tint; the lower part is purple., Argentina, Commelinaceae
Small-leaf spiderwort, (Tradescantia fluminensis), ('wandering trad' or 'wandering creeper', where invasive), hairless stems with variegated leaves, (houseplant), forms dense mat, seriously invasive in many countries, South America, Commelinaceae
Purple heart, (Tradescantia pallida), Purple Queen, “Purpurea”, most popular Tradescantia garden groundcover plant, narrow, pointed leaves with purple colour,
pink-white flowers with three petals, spreads vegetatively, Mexico, Commelinaceae
Spiderwort, (Tradescantia spathacea), oat lily, cradle lily, inch plant, Moses-in-a-cradle, girl-on-a-swing, lady-on-a-hammock, oyster plant, purple heart, spider lily edging plant, perennial herb, the "self-stained" purple hairs on the stamens allow observation of movement of live cell contents raphides, West Indies, Commelinaceae
Tradescantia spathacea Plasmolysis in hairs on the stamens of spiderwort, Commelinaceae
Purple zebrina, (Tradescantia zebrina), zebrina, wandering Jew, large pointed oval leaves on creeping stem, upper surface pale green with silvery sheen, lengthwise purple-silver stripe, popular trailing plant, Mexico, Commelinaceae
Water chestnut, (Trapa natans), floating water chestnut, horn chestnut, water calthrop, Jesuit nut, aquatic weed of ponds, freshwater estuaries and mudflats, forms a rosette of leaves arising from tip of long submerged stem, waxy triangular leaves with toothed margins, inconspicuous four petals white flowers, in centre of rosette, fruit a distinctive four-horned nut, single seed, spreads by seed, Queensland prohibited invasive plant, Trapaceae
Poison peach, (Trema tomentosa), toxic to stock, Australia, Cannabaceae
Southern bog asphodel, (Triantha racemosia), coastal false asphodel, in acidic wetlands, Southeastern United States, Liliaceae
Puncture vine, (Tribulus terrestris), devil's thorn, caltrop, ("goathead fruit"), invasive noxious weed, herbal medicine, impotence, increase birth contractions, Zygophyllaceae
Dried herb sold as powder.
San Pedro cactus, (Trichocereus pachanoi), | Mescaline | Candicine | Cactaceae
Camel bush, (Trichodesma zeylanicum), cattle bush, erect herb, up to 1 m, blue flowers, (covered with stiff irritant hairs so be careful!), Australia, Boraginaceae
Snake gourd, (Trichosanthes cucumerina), serpent gourd, very long fruit eaten immature as a vegetable, Southeast Asia, Cucurbitaceae
Toad lily (Tricyrtis hirta), hairy toad lily, large wide leaves clasping around the stem, white to purple flowers with dark purple spots, grows on shaded rocky cliffs, exotic houseplant, Japan, Liliaceae.
Snake gourd, (Trichosanthes cucumerina), "snake bean" or "New Guinea bean",( but it is not a bean legume), produces many white fruits 10.20 cm long, which can be cooked in soups, strong climber, but needs strong support for such big fruit, Cucurbitaceae.
Lesser trefoil, (Trifolium dubium), suckling clover, may be the shamrock symbol of Ireland
Trifolium, (Latin tres three, folium leaf), species called "trefoils", Fabaceae.
Trifolium species: Biochanin A C16H12O5, Coumestrol, C15H8O5, Formononetin C16H12O4, Genistein,
Geraldone C16H12O5, Maackiain C16H12O5, (Inermin)
Medicarpin C16H14O4, (Demethylhomopterocarpin), Ononin C22H22O9, (Formononetin glucoside),
Pratensein C16H12O6, (3'-hydroxybiochanin A), Vestitol, Fabaceae.
Resveratrol, Fabaceae.
Alsike clover, (Trifolium hybridum), 4-Hydroxyhomopterocarpin C17H16O5, (a pterocarpan), Fabaceae.
Red clover, (Trifolium pratense), meadow trefoil, perennial, up to 30 cm, culinary uses, leaves and flowers in salads, sprouts can be eaten raw
Daidzin, Irilone, Kaempferol
Phaseolic acid, Pratensein, Trefolirhizin, herbal medicine, tea for antispasmotic, bronchial problems, do not use during pregnancy or advanced stages of estrogen-driven cancers, do not use with Heparin or Warfarin due to the Coumarin, content, suitable for herbal infusion, Fabaceae.
Red Clover, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as flowers.
White clover, (Trifolium repens), Dutch clover, tropical pasture legume, attracts bees, forage crop, Daidzein, Lotoaustralin, Slaframine, Triacontan-1-ol, herbal tea, Europe, Central Asia, Fabaceae.
Dragon's blood clover, (Trifolium repens 'Dragon's Blood'), perennial, hardy plant, groundcover, very attractive leaf markings of red, white and green, many small flowers aggregated to form a head, use leaves in salads, herbal medicine, tea for coughs and colds, culinary uses, leaves in salads, Fabaceae.
Subterranean clover, (Trifolium subterraneum), "sub clover", weed, but pasture plant, tropical pasture legume, after fertilization fruit grows downward into soil, Cadaverine, Deoxykaempferol
Fisetin, Formononetin C16H12O4, Geraldone, C16H12O5, Europe, Australia, Fabaceae.
Fenugreek, (Trigonella foenum-graecum), small hard seed, bitter with sweet flavour from Sotolone lactone, like dried hay, (Latin foenum-graecum Greek hay), food flavouring, in commercial curry pastes, contains, Disogenin, outer layers of soaked seed exude gel used in sauces, herbal medicine, seed extract reduces menopause
problems, Asia, Mediterranean region, Fabaceae.
Dried herb is sold as seed.
American wake-robin, (Trillium grandiflorum), white trillium lily, USA, Liliaceae
Porcupine grass, (Triodia irritans), tussock grass, forms dense spiked mounds so keep clear of it, called "spinifex grass". but not genus Spinifex, Australia, Poaceae
Lime berry, (Triphasia trifolia), limeberry, shrub, evergreen, small red fruit with thin skin and mucilaginous pulp, used fresh, preserves, ornamental shrub, propagation from seeds, Malaysia, India, Rutaceae
Bush lily, (Tripladenia cunninghamii, Kreysigia multiflora), (sole species), Australia, Colchidaceae
Creek triplarina. (Triplarina imbricata), tiny white flowers produce frost-like effect, oil glands at back of leaves, Australia, Myrtaceae
Fiveminute grass, (Tripogon loloformis), resurrection grass, five minute grass, shoots initiate autophagy upon dehydration to reinstate homeostasis and suppress cell death, Australia, Poaceae
"Tome", (Triphophyllum peltatum) three types of leaves, liana up to 50 m, second type glandular leaves to capture insects, sole species in the "double-hooked leaves family", largest carnivorous plant, West Africa, Dioncophyllaceae
Brisbane box tree, (Tristania conferta), brush box, timber tree, moderate size, showy bark, small flowers, branches are mostly upright and do not droop, common ornamental street tree in southern California and Australian cities, Myrtaceae
Watergum, (Tristaniopsis laurina), kanooka gum, Australia, Myrtaceae
Wheat, (Triticum aestivum), "bread wheat", vitamin E in wheat germ, edible grain, wheatgrass, hexaploid, dried herb sold as aerials powder, Australia, Poaceae
Durum wheat, (Triticum turgidum, var. durum), edible grain, tetraploid, Poaceae
Glossy spice bush, (Triunia robusta), Australia, Proteaceae
Tree heath, (Trochocarpa laurina), waddy wood, Australian native species, used to make clubs, Ericaceae
Trochocarpa laurina, Tree heath, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
[Note: The following "nasturtium", Tropaeolum species, is NOT related to the watercress, (Nasturtium officinale), Brassicaceae]
Nasturtium, (Tropaeolum majus), 'Alaska' garden nasturtium, Indian cress, monk's cress, perennial, up to 40 cm, flowers pale yellow to deep orange, used as a garnish, peppery leaves variegated with splashes of white over green, | Antheraxanthin |
Carotene | Cryptoxanthin | Erucic acid | Glucotropaeolin | herbal medicine, antifungal, tonic, natural antibiotic leaves and flowers, high in vitamin C, culinary uses, salads, pesto and garnish | tincture | herbal medicine, Tropaeolaceae
Nasturtium, (Tropaeolum majus), Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Nasturtium, "Empress of India", (Tropaeolum minus), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, dwarf nasturtium, Tropaeolaceae
The deep orange flowers add a striking contrast of colour to the salad bowl as well as adding a bit of bite.
This variety has deeper green leaves that give more interest to the greens in your salad.
Large leaves can be used as wraps for small amounts of salad.
Damiana, (Turnera diffusa), perennial, shrub, (Acacetin), Southern United States, Mexico,
Caribbean.
Damiana, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
See diagram: Turnera flower.
Damiana leaf, (Turnera aphrodisiaca), mild aphrodisiac, Turneraceae
Dwarf voodoo lily, (Typhonium roxburghii), black dead rat lily, up to 15 cm, deep maroon spathe, spiral spadix like a rats tail. ‘maldodorous’ scent, repeat flowering, all parts poisonous, widely naturalised, Southeast Asia, Australia, Araceae