Plants, Scientific names, S.

School Science Lessons
2024-04-19
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(UNBiolN3S.html).

Genus names, S, (Sabal to Swietenia)

Table of contents
Sabal causiarum, Puerto Rico hat palm, West Indies, Arecaceae
Sabal minor, dwarf palmetto, Mexico, South East North America, Arecaceae
Sabal palmetto, palmetto palm, Bahamas, South East North America, Arecaceae
Sabal princeps, largest palmetto palm, huge palm for parks, origin unknown, Arecaceae
Sabal rosei, Mexico, Arecaceae
Sugarcane, (Saccharum officinarium), Poaceae
Saccharum cvs, (S. edule, X S. officinarum), sugar cane, vegetable, sucrose is chief food reserve, dissolved in cell sap, Poaceae
Elephant grass, (Tripidium ravennae), Ravenna grass, invasive, noxious weed, Europe, Asia
Arrowhead, (Sagittaria sagittifolia), swamp potato, edible round tuber, northern hemisphere, Alismataceae
Threeleaf arrowhead, (Sagittaria trifolia), Chinese arrowhead, water plantain, emergent swamp plant, edible tubers, Alismataceae
Broadleaf arrowhead, (Sagittaria latifolia), duck-potato, Indian potato, in shallow wetlands, edible tubers, Alismataceae
Delta arrowhead, Sagittaria platyphylla, aquarium plant, invasive, degrades natural wetlands, blocks irrigation channels, North America, Alismataceae
Salak palm, (Salacca edulis), snake palm, Java palm, snake fruit, spherical, covered by overlapping brown scales, sharp spines so handle carefully, pulp sweet to tart, seed, used fresh, preserves, grown from seeds, impenetrable thickets in swampy areas, Malaysia, Arecaceae
Sala, (Salacca glabrescens), salak hutan, dense clustering palm, highly valued large pear-shaped fruits with snake-like skin, Thailand, Malaysia, Arecaceae
Salak palm, (Salacca zalacca), snake palm, popular juicy fruit, spiny plant grows in clumps called salacca, Java, Arecaceae
Salacca zalacca, Salak palm, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Early purple orchid, (Salep dondurma), fox testicle, ground tuber in turkish ice cream "dondurma", | glucomannams, glucose + mannose | Orchidaceae
Samphire, (Salicornia quinqueflora), sea asparagus, ground covering succulent, up to 0.25 m, many branched leafless stems with different colours, blanched in hot water before consumption in spicy dishes, Australian native food, Australia, Asparagaceae
White willow, (Salix alba), willow, sallow, osier, (female catkin called a "pussy", hence song: "Little pussy willow", Gilbert and Sullivan song from "The Mikado", "Willow, titwillow, titwillow"), deciduous trees or shrubs, form large dense root-mats, long, narrow leaves with finely toothed edges (except on pussy willows), numerous tiny flowers on flower stalks, small seeds with long silky hairs, anti-inflammatory, herbal medicine, willow bark tablets and capsules used to treat backache, neck pain, hangover headache, can cause stomach irritation so do not take with alcohol or aspirin, England, Yugoslavia, Salicaceae
Dried herb is sold as bark and bark powder, White willow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Willows are among Australia's worst weeds, because of their invasive tendencies, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts.
They can invade riverbanks and wetlands, causing erosion and blocking waterways.
Willows are a serious weed in Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital
However, weeping willow (Salix babylonica), and 2 hybrid species of pussy willow (Salix x calodendron) and (Salix x reichardtii) are permitted species.
Willow trees were given a pollard, cut off above the bole leaving only the main trunk to produce young straight branches for basket-weaving and wicker items. Willow trees or branches of other trees used for basket-making, are called a "withy".
Salix babalonica Weeping willow, (Salix babalonica), herbal medicine, alcoholic glycoside salicin, converted in body to | salicylic acid | related to aspirin, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, Salicaceae
Salix babalonica, Weeping willow, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Salix babalonica var. pekinensis 'Tortuosa', corkscrew willow, (bark contains: | Catechin | Salicin | Tannin ) England, Salicaceae
Salix discolor, pussy willow, England, Salicaceae
Salix X sepulcralis, (Chinese willow, Peking willow X European, white willow), "weeping willow", Salicaceae
Toothbrush tree, (Salvadora persica), may alleviate kidney stones, Arabia, Salvadoraceae
Sage, (Salvia officinalis), common sage, garden sage, Dalmation sage, perennial, up to 40 cm, evergreen woody stems, grey-green leaves, blue-purple flowers, culinary use, pepper-like flavour, folk medicine, ornamental, Mediterranean region, Camphor, Cineole, Pinene, Thujone, herbal medicine, sage leaf constituents may stimulate menstruation and be abortifacient, do not use this herb during pregnancy, lactation, long term, or with other anticoagulant medication, may increase sedative side effects of drugs, do not take if hypoglycaemic or during anticonvulsive therapy, culinary uses as traditional flavouring herb, as a tincture, Egypt, Turkey, Lamiaceae
Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as leaves and leaf powder.
Sages, culinary uses, stuffing, with meat, salads, soups, cold drinks, potpourri.
Salvia species, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
White sage, (Salvia apiana), bee sage, Lamiaceae
White Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Diviner's sage, (Salvia divinorum), diterpenoid psychoactive substances, not toxic, may be illegal to ingest, Lamiaceae
Fruity sage, (Salvia dorisiana), peach-scented sage, British Honduran sage, perennial, up to 1 metre, delicious smelling leaves and bright pink flowers, Lamiaceae
Fruity Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Pineapple sage, (Salvia elegans), pineapple-scented sage, herbaceous perennial, up to 1.5 m, base for fruit cups, scarlet flowers used as garnish, ornamental, leaves smell like pineapple, atracts butterflies, Lamiaceae
Pineapple Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
See diagram: Pineapple sage.
Greek oregano, Greek skies, (Salvia fruticosa 'Greek Skies'), Lamiaceae
Greek skies, Salvia fruticosa 'Greek Skies', Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
See diagram: Greek oregano.
Hummingbird sage, (Salvia guaranitica 'Tequila')
Hummingbird Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
large shrub, blue flowers, South America, Lamiaceae
Chia, (Salvia hispanica), annual to biennial, height more than 1 metre, purple-blue flowers, seed, stores well, herbal medicine, culinary uses, leaf tea like sage, high protein nutty seeds source of essential fatty acids, energy food and enzyme action, catalysts aid food digestion, thirst quencher, add to drinks, baking, Mexico, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as seed, Mudbrick herb Cottage
Roseleaf sage, (Salvia involucrata), large colourful flower bracts, Lamiaceae
Salvia involucrata 'Joan', Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Mexican sage, (Salvia leucantha), perennial, purple flowers, flowers all year, propagate by cuttings, Lamiaceae
Mexican sage Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Mexican Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Giant salvinia, (Salvinia molesta), Kariba weed, free-floating fern, forms dense mats on water, many branched horizontal stems, float just below the water surface, at each node a pair of floating oval-shaped hairy fronds, dense infestations cause mats, choke waterways, Queensland restricted invasive plant, Salviniaceae
Baby sage, (Salvia microphylla 'Baby Sage'), dwarf compact shrub, red flowers and bracts, Lamiaceae
Baby Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Chinese sage, (Salvia miltiorrhiza, 'red rooted sage'), red sage, red-rooted sage, dan shen, Lithospermic acid, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as root.
Golden sage, (Salvia officinalis 'Icerterina'), variety of garden sage, Lamiaceae
Golden Sage, Salvia officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Purple sage, (Salvia officinalis, 'Purpurascens').
Purple Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Fuzzy Bolivian sage, (Salvia oxyphora), fuzzy cerise pink flowers, very ornamental, Lamiaceae
Fuzzy Bolivian Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Mountain desert sage, (Salvia pachyphylla), blue sage, Carnosol, antioxidant + phytochemicals, herbal medicine popular in Latin America, used to treat influenza, North America, Lamiaceae
Sage pineapple, (Salvia rutilans), fast-growing, evergreen perennial herb, upright growth habit, lrge oval-shaped foliage with a very distinctive aroma and flavour, vibrant tubular red blooms. Lamiaceae
Clary sage, (Salvia sclarea), muscatel sage, clary wort, clear eye, see bright, clary, clarry, eye bright, huge grey-green leaves, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Clary Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Bog sage, (Salvia uliginosa), whorls of indigo blue flowers, Lamiaceae
Bog Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Wild clary sage, (Salvia verbenaca), wild sage, pasture weed, mucilaginous seed used for eye irritations, England, Lamiaceae
Annual clary sage, (Salvia viridis), oval, ornamental, herbal medicine, sore gums, Lamiaceae
Elder tree, (Sambucus nigra), common elderberry, blue elder, European elder, European elderberry, short-lived shrub, in woodlands, hedgerows, waste land, leaves for activate compost, insect repellent, spray on aphids and, caterpillars, culinary uses, black berries and flowers as tea, wine, cooking, other parts contain poisonous | Calcium oxalate | Anthocyanidins | herbal medicine, elder flower tea, diuretic, treat inflammation, sinusitis, diabetes, elderberries, treat influenza symptoms, boost immunity, source of Vitamins A and C, Adoxaceae
Sambucus nigra, Elder tree, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Elderflower, blossoms of the elder tree, sweet floral tastes, short cooking time, used to make fragrant cordials, not toxic.
Elderberry, berries of the elder tree, fruity tart tastes, long cooking times, used to make jams, contains cyanogen glycoside, potentially poisonous, do not eat raw unripe berries.
Elder tree bark and leaves are poisonous.
See diagram: Elder berries
Sambucus species, (elders), elderberry, contains | Cyanin | red pigment
Native elderberry, (Sambucus australasica), yellow elderberry, evergreen shrub, up to 4 m, inflorescences flowers usually 3-merous. white corolla, ovoid yellow fruit, harvested from the wild for local use as a food and source of materials, Australia, Adoxaceae
American elderberry, (Sambucus nigra), (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis), up to 2-3 metres, leaves activate compost, insect repellent spray against aphids and caterpillars, herbal medicine, culinary uses, berries and flowers used for tea, wine, cooking, other parts contain poisonous | Calcium oxalate | Adoxaceae
Sambucus nigra, elder tree, common elderberry, blue elder, European elder, short-lived shrub, in woodlands, hedgerows, waste land, leaves for activate compost, insect repellent, spray on aphids and, caterpillars, culinary uses, black berries and flowers as tea, wine, cooking, | Anthocyanidins | herbal medicine, elder flower tea, diuretic, treat inflammation, sinusitis, diabetes, elderberries, treat influenza symptoms, boost immunity, source of Vitamins A and C, Adoxaceae
Elderflower, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Sambucus nigra canadensis), See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as flower heads, Elderflower, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as berries, Elderberries, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
White elderberry, (Sambucus gaudichaudiana), understory shrub in coastal rainforests, white flowers in large clusters, shiny white berries with pleasant sour taste, Australian native food, Adoxaceae
Bloodroot, (Sanguinaria canadensis), redroot, pauson, to 50 cm, white petals, yellow stamens, one large lobed leaf, red rhizome, orange sap | Sanguinarine | red juice is poisonous, possible cancer treatment, ornamental, North America, Papaveraceae
Dried herb is sold as root powder, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Salad burnet, (Sanguisorba minor), garden burnet, small burnet, burnet, culinary uses, salads, summer fruit drinks, dressings, herbal medicine, tea for diarrhoea, very popular herb, Europe and Asia, Rosaceae
Fresh and cooling with a nutty cucumber flavour that is delicious in salads.
Run your fingers along the leaf stem and let the round leaves fall into the salad bowl.
Blends with cream cheese and black pepper as a spread for biscuits and sandwiches and to flavour vinegars.
Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Great burnet, (Sanguisorba officinalis), up to 30 cm, hardy plant, herbal medicine, digestive, culinary uses, attractive leaves rich in calcium, cucumber-like flavour, salads, sandwiches, garnish, Chinese herbal medicine, Rosaceae
Santol, (Sandoricum koetjape), cotton fruit, medium to large tree, evergreen, fruit, medium, subacid, juicy, used fresh, from seeds air-layering, grafting, Southeast Asia, Meliaceae
Sandoricum koetjape, Santol, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Cup of gold vine, (Solandra maxima), Hawaiian lily, golden chalice vine, showy chalice vine, perennial, up to 2 metres, vigorous hardy plant, stunning variegated, glossy new leaves purple and cream, valued for floral art work, large cup-like golden flowers, aroma of coconut, Mexico, Central America, Solanaceae
Gum benjamin tree, (Styrax benzoin), benzoin tree, kemenyan, loban, oncycha, Sumatra benzoin tree, benzoin incense tree, styrax incense tree, to 20 m, hairy oval leaves, fleshy green-yellow flowers, benzoin gum resin called "benzoin Sumatra" from tapped bark, | Benzoic acid | Cinnamic acid | E210 | Vanillin | herbal medicine, in "Friar's Balsam", "Pastilles de Serail", skin disorders, chest infections, allergic reactions, incense, ornamental, shade tree, Sumatra Styrax species, balsamic benzoic resin from bark, these trees do not contain the ketone benzoin, but contain benzoic acid.
Styrax officinalis, produces storax sweet-smelling gum resin, Styracaceae
Styrax macrotbyrsus, Vietnam styrax, Styracaceae
Styrax paralleloneurus, harninlon toba, (Indonesian), Sumatra benzoin, Styracaceae
Styrax tonkinensis, produces "Benzoin Siam" contains benzoic acid, Styracaceae
Clarence River baeckea, (Sannantha angusta), Australia, Myrtaceae
Sannantha angusta, NSW FLORA ONLINE
Twiggy myrtle, (Sannantha bidwillii), cultivated, Australia, Myrtaceae
Weeping baeckea, (Sannantha frutescens), baeckea, Australia, Myrtaceae
Heath myrtle, (Sannantha tozerensis), Australia, Myrtaceae
Mother-in-law's-tongue, (Sansevieria trifasciata), snake plant, Angola hemp, perennial, tough, sword-like leaves, desert plant, bowstring hemp, leathery evergreen herbaceous weed, creeping rhizome, stiff leaves from a basal rosette, popular garden plant, when dumped as garden waste crowding out low growing native plants, spreads by rhizomes, Nigeria, Congo, Asparagaceae
Indian sandalwood, (Santalum album), East Indian sandalwood, white sandalwood, white saunders, yellow sandalwood, sanderswood, Mysore sandalwood, Santalaceae
Quandong, (Santalum acuminatum), desert quandong, native peach, popular "bushfood", juicy tasty flesh, ground stones used as herbal medicine, Australia, Santalaceae
(Many other Australian species are called "quandong"!)
Sandalwood, (Santalum ellipticum), Hawaii, Santalaceae
Bitter quandong, (Santalum murrayanum), ming, root hemiparasite, shrub, sand plains, up to 5 m, white to yellow-green flowers, Australian native food, Santalaceae
Australian sandalwood, (Santalum spicatum), sandalwood nut, used for agroforestry, Australian native food, Santalaceae
See diagram: Sandalwood.
Santalum spicatum, agroforestry
Santalum spicatum, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Santalum spicatum, Tucker Bush
Santalum species, Santalaceae, fruit commonly called a quandong
Desert quandong, (Santalum acuminatum), "Sweet Quandong", is a good eating fruit and nut.
Native to the drier parts of Australia, it regularly fruits without supplemental water.
The rounded, pendulous fruits, 2 to 3 cm across, change from green to bright red.
The firm, fleshy layer surrounding the stone is edible when quite ripe.
This stage is usually indicated by the fruits falling to the ground or rattling when shaken.
Although the flesh is rather acid, it can be eaten raw, but is more often made into highly-prized pies, jams and jellies.
The stones are easily removed and the flesh can be dried for later use.
The seed is said to also be edible and to contain enough oil to burn like a candle.
The seedlings are partially parasitic and are best germinated with a host such as grasses, acacias, or even citrus.
To germinate Santalum seed, they are cracked in a vice and the kernel removed.
The surface is sterilized with sodium hypochlorite, stored in slightly damp vermiculite, and put in a darkened area at 16 to 20^oC.
However, germination is erratic.
Quandong, (Santalum acuminatum), desert quandong, sweet quandong, desert peach, native peach, arid inland, hemiparasitic on other tree roots, high in vitamin C, used for exotic flavouring, attempted domestication of species for commercial purposes, edible fruit called a quandong or native peach.
See diagram: Quandong or native peach
Santalum acuminatum, Desert quandong, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Indian sandal wood, (Santalum album), is grown in India with Zizyphus oenophilia as a host.
Santalum album, Indian sandal wood, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Australian sandal wood, (Santalum spicatum), Australia, Santalaceae Santalum spicatum, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Santolina green, (Santolina virens), small evergreen shrub, small yellow flowers, aromatic leaves, Asteraceae
Santolina Green, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Santolina grey, (Santolina chamaecyparissus), lavender cotton, cotton lavender, Asteraceae
Santolina Grey, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Wingleaf soapberry, (Sapindus saponaria), Hawaiian soapberry, soapnut, "Indian soap tree", in clumps up to 6 m, inflorescence dense panicles small white flowers, Americas, India, soapberry family, Sapindaceae
Dried herb sold as seed hulls.
"Soapberry" usually refers to Sapindus species which contain | Saponins |.
Soapwort, (Saponaria officinalis), common soapwort, bouncing bet, crow soap, fuller's herb, bruisewort, perennial, up to 30 cm, mild detergent properties, used to wash old fabrics, in bath, shampoo hair and the dog, herbal remedy, chop leaves or root and simmer in water 5 minutes, strain and use, also for dandruff and rashes, contains poisonous, Saponins, Saponoside D, Europe, Caryophyllaceae.
Soapwort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Rock soapwort, (Saponaria ocymoides), tumbling, prostrate, many-branched hairy stem, pink flowers, rock garden ornamental, Europe, Caryophyllaceae.
Bauerella, (Sarcomelicope simplicifolia), hard aspen, yellow-wood, Australia, Rutaceae
(Sarcocapnos baetica), perennial, up to 10 cm, white flowers, fruit with side ribs. Papaveraceae
Sarcocapnos species contain many isoquinoline alkaloids
Steelwood, (Sarcopteryx stipitata), tough and hard heavy timber, Australia, Sapindaceae
Sarcopteryx stipitata, Steelwood, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Sarcopteryx martyana, decorative red fruit, Australia, Sapindaceae
Corduroy tree, (Sarcopteryx stipata), Australia, Sapindaceae
Fern-leaved tamarind, (Sarcotoechia serrata), fern-like fronds, Australia, Sapindaceae
Sarcotoechia serrata, Fern-leaved tamarind, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Yellow trumpet, Sarracenia flava, yellow pitcher plant, American pitcher plant, trumpet pitcher, leaves like long trumpets, carnivorous herb, Sarraceniaceae
Sarracenia leucophylla, white-leaved pitcher plant, fiddler's trumpets, lace trumpets, Sarraceniaceae
Sarracenia purpurea, huntsman's cup, purple saracenia, side saddle, purple pitcher plant, Sarraceniaceae
Sarracenia purpurea, subsp. purpurea, purple, pitcher plant, eats insects, grows best in Sphagnum moss, North America, Sarraceniaceae
Sassafras tree, (Sassafras albidum), white sassafras, up to 20 m, cuisine uses, leaves used thicken and flavour gumbo dishes, | Limonene | Linalool | Myrcene | Phellandrene | Pinene | Safrole | in roots and bark, herbal medicine of native Americans, formerly used to flavour root beer, North America, Lauraceae
See diagram: Sassafras.
Savory, (Satureja repandra), perennial, hardy plant, prostrate groundcover, white flowers, culinary uses, sauces, salads, soups, meat, vegetable, with beans, squash, Carvacrol, Thymol, Lamiaceae
Lemon savory, (Satureja repandra biflora), perennial, up to 30 cm, bright green leaves have exquisitely, strong lemon aroma and flavour, Lamiaceae
Lemon Savory, (Satureja montana citriodora), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Satureja species, contain, Carvacrol, Lamiaceae
Pink savory, (Satureja thymbra), za'atar rumi, Lamiaceae
Pink Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Summer savory, (Satureja hortensis), annual herb, food flavouring, Lamiaceae
Winter savory, (Satureja montana), mountain savory, semi-evergreen, perennial, up to 40 cm, dark green leaves, lavender to white lowers, food flavouring | monoterpenoid phenol Carvacrol | Southern Europe, Lamiaceae
Winter Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Prostrate Winter Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Sweet leaf, (Sauropus androgynus), sweet leaf bush, katuk, star gooseberry, bush or small tree, needs extra water, used in salads, fries, nutty pea-like flavour, vitamin C, | papaverine alkaloid | Phyllanthaceae
Sweet Leaf, Sauropus androgynus, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Sweet Leaf Bush, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Showy sauropus, (Sauropus albiflorus), small shrub, up to 100 cm, Australia, Phyllanthaceae
Strawberry geranium, (Saxifraga stolonifera), mother of thousands, rounded leaves, plantlets cascade, (houseplant), Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga species are small plants growing in rock clefts, Saxifragaceae
Purple fan flower, (Scaevola aemula), fan flower, fairy fan-flower, groundcover, up to 600 mm, dark green foliage, small mauve-pink flowers, grow in well-drained soils or hanging baskets, Goodeniaceae
'White carpet' fan flower, (Scaevola albida), groundcover, small leaves. but many small white flowers, Australia, Goodeniaceae
Beach naupaka, (Scaevola sericea), sea-lettuce tree, ambong ambong, dense spreading shrub, tropical beaches, herbal medicine, Hawaii, Goodeniaceae
Kanna, (Sceletium tortuosum), channa, kougoed, succulent, folk medicine, psychoactive alkaloids, used to treat stress | Mesembrine | Mesembrenone | South Africa, Azoiaceae
Umbrella tree, (Schefflera actinophylla), octopus tree, large multi-stemmed tree, up to 10 m, bushy plant, very large compound leaves, (houseplant), Australia, Araliaceae
Dwarf umbrella tree, (Schefflera arboricola), parasol plant, leaflets from top of leaf stalk like umbrella, (popular houseplant), Taiwan, Araliaceae
Climbing umbrella tree, (Schefflera elliptica), up to 10 m, ornamental, folk medicine, contains lectins, Australia, Taiwan, Araliaceae
Peruvian peppercorn tree, (Schinus molle), evergreen tree, weeping foliage, up to 10 m, aromatic when rubbed, red ‘peppercorns’, shade tree, invasive, used in parks Eastern and Southern Australia, South America, Anacardiaceae
broad-leaved pepper tree, (Schinus terebinthifolius), Queensland restricted invasive plant, Anacardiaceae
Butterfly flower, (Schizanthus pinnatus), poor man's orchid, lacy green foliage, attractive orchid-like flowers, South America, Solanaceae Poor man's orchid, (Schizanthus hybrids), zygomorphic orchid-like flowers, (houseplants), Chile, Solanaceae
'Australian' white birch, (Schizomeria ovata), pale commercial timber, lines the Concert Hall of the Sydney Opera House, Australia, Cunoniaceae
Malay lac tree, (Schleichera oleosa), macassar oil tree, host of lac insect, produces edible fat, used for hair oil, India, Sapindaceae
Christmas cactus, (Schlumbergera truncata hybrids), holiday cactus, zygocactus, ""zygos", flower in winter, Cactaceae
Sabadilla, (Schoenocaulon officinale), highly toxic alkaloids| veratridine | Cevadine | in seeds, used as insecticide, Mexico, Australia, South America, Anacardiaceae
Schotia brachypetala, African walnut, weeping Boer bean, Fabaceae
Flintwood, (Scolopia braunii), up to 25 m, red new growth, coastal rainforests, Australia, Salicaceae
Scolopia braunii, Flintwood, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Figwort, (Scrophularia nodosa), brownwort, common figwort, kernalwort, throatwort, perennial, on waste ground, square succulent stems, herbal medicine, but cardioactive substances, supposed to cure scrofula. because of throat-shaped flowers!, Northern Hemisphere, the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae
Figwort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Rosy squill, (Scilla bifolia), small flowering plant, skyward-facing trusses of pale pink blooms, star patterns, grown in rock gardens, Asparagaceae
Scilla species, called squills, are often used as ornamental garden plants.
Portuguese squill, (Scilla peruviana), contains cardiac glycoside, proscillaridin, C30H42O8, herbal medicine, used to treat heart disorders, Asparagaceae
Siberian squill, (Scilla siberica), squill, sea onion, Asparagaceae
Bulrush, (Scirpus lacrustis), root eaten raw or cooked, dried and ground into a powder or made into a syrup, crisp sweet buds at the end of the rhizomes, Cyperaceae
Tall bulrush, (Scirpus validus), great bulrush, soft-stemmed bulrush, in wetlands, ornamental plant in ponds, South America, Cyperaceae
Bulrushes are grass-like plants of the sedge family, Cyperaceae, wind-pollinated and spread by a rhizome, hard stems or soft stems, live in muddy areas and swamps and around ponds, small flowers with male flowers upper and female flowers lower below in the inflorescence shaped like a truncheon, act as water purifiers as they filter and absorb poisonous metals, all parts edible, used for insulation and mats.
California bulrush, (Schoenoplectus californicus), Cyperaceae
Chairmaker's bulrush, (Schoenoplectus americanus), Cyperaceae
Common cattail, (Typha latifolia), great reedmace, cooper's reed, cumbungi, Cyperaceae
German knotweed, (Scleranthus annuus), German knot grass, common weed in disturbed areas, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, Caryophyllaceae
Marula, (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra), maroela, produces nuts, Southern Africa, Anacardiaceae
Black salsify, (Scorzonera hispanica), Spanish salsify, black oyster plant, viper's grass, serpent root, long black taproot is nutritious root vegetable, scorzonera sweet, herbal medicine, Southern Europe, Asteraceae
(Two other species also called "viper's grass").
Cutleaf viper grass, (Scorzonera laciniata), biennial herb, massive taproot, pasture weed, readily eaten by stock, Asteraceae
European scopolia, (Scopolia carniolica), henbane bell, dark violet flowers on long hanging stems, 60 cm, poisonous, root contains tropane alkaloids, e.g. | Atropine | source of | Scopoletin | and former anaesthetic | Scopolamine | southern Europe wet soils, Solanaceae
Scorzonera species, Asteraceae
Baikal skullcap, (Scutellaria baicalensis), in leaves of medicinal herb Huang-chin, used to treat cancer, Baicalin theglucuronide of baicalein, China, Lamiaceae
Baikal Skullcap, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as root.
Chinese skullcap, (Scutellaria formosa), perennial, bush, up to 50 cm, purple flowers, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Skullcap, (Scutellaria galericulata), common skullcap, marsh skullcap, hooded skullcap, hardy, perennial herb, leaves contain Baicalin, herbal medicine, herbal teas, sedative, Northern hemisphere, Lamiaceae
Blue skullcap, (Scutellaria lateriflora), mad dog skullcap, side-flowering skullcap, American skullcap, perennial, 40 cm, deciduous, wet habitats, herbal medicine, diuretic kidney tonic, temporary relief of nervous headaches, stress, insomnia, contains Baicalin, (C21H18O11), sedative, USA, Lamiaceae
Blue Skullcap, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as aerials and aerials powder, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Choko, (Sechium edule), choyote, chow chow, produces large number of green fruit and edible young shoots and leaves, strong climber, Cucurbitaceae.
Sechium edule, Choko, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Wallpepper, (Sedum acre), goldmoss stonecrop, mossy stonecrop, perennial, groundcover, succulent leaves | Cadaverine | Lobelanidine | Nicotine | Pelletierine | Sedamine | soothing remedy and cuisine uses, Crassulaceae
Sedum bellum, (houseplant), Crassulaceae
Sedum pachyphyllum, jelly beans, erect with pale green cylindrical leaves, (houseplant), Crassulaceae
Sedum morganianum, donkey's tail, cascading growth of closely-packed grey-green succulent cylindrical overlapping leaves, (houseplant), Crassulaceae
Sedum sieboldii, thin flat leaves in groups of three, (houseplant), Crassulaceae
Sedum spectabile, stonecrop, wall pepper, house leek, orpine, herbal medicine golden moss, ornamental, Crassulaceae
Sedum X rubrotinctum, Christmas cheer, leaves flushed red leaves, (houseplant), Crassulaceae
Selaginella, club moss, Phylum Lycopodiophyta.
Australian cashew nut, (Semecarpus australiensis), in rainforests near the sea, leaves have dark green veins on the upper surface, small cream fruits with outside seeds, in a pod attached to orange or red fleshy base, very irritating sap so handle fruit with care, roast seeds in the fire before consumption, tastes like Anacardium occidentale cashews, Australian native food, Anacardiaceae
Dragonfruit, (Selenicereus undatus, formerly Hylocereus undatus), pitahaya, night blooming cactus, white-fleshed pitahaya, strawberry pear, Honolulu queen, moonlight cactus, large vine, deciduous, fast growing, large flowers open at night, may need hand pollination, easy to grow, yellow-ivory flowers, large oval pink or yellow fruit with smooth skin which peels easily, red or white pulp, many small seeds, used fresh, propagation from cuttings, | Hordenine | ornamental vine, country of origin unknown, Central America, Cactaceae
See diagram Dragonfruit.
Hylocereus undatus, Dragonfruit Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Selenicereus guatemalensis x undatus, Dragon Fruit - Purple Haze, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Houseleek, (Sempervivum tectorum), sengreen, hen-and-chickens, herbal medicine, rock garden pot plant, Crassulaceae.
Houseleek, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Sempervervivum 'Chiche Chama', Houseleeks, (Sempervivum, "always / forever alive"), hen and chicks, Freddie prayer plant, needs moisture and higher humidity levels
Common groundsel, (Senecio vulgaris), lobed leaves, small rayless heads, host for fungus causing black root rot in peas | pyrrolizidine | retronecine | Asteraceae
It can be difficult to tell invasive Senecio species apart from each other and even from some non-weedy, native Senecios, because their flower-heads look very similar, while their leaf shapes vary strongly within the same species.
Mexican flame vine, (Senecio confusus), attractive evergreen vine, arrowhead-shaped leaves, brilliant orange-red flowers, Asteraceae
Cineraria, (Senecio cruentus hybrids), (houseplants), Asteraceae
Tansy ragwort, (Senecio jacobaea) | pyrrolizidine alkaloid | stock poison, common wild flower, invasive, Eurasia, Asteraceae
Threadleaf groundsel, (Senecio longilobus), large yellow daisies, pyrrolizidine alkaloid stock poison, weed, North America, Asteraceae
Variegated wax ivy, (Senecio macroglossus), wax vine, cape ivy, small, succulent triangular leaves, like ivy, (houseplant), Asteraceae
Fireweed, (Senecio madagascariensis), Madagascar ragwort, annual, up to 0.5 m, daisy-like herb, competes with pasture, toxic to livestock, highly weed invasive in Australia South America, Japan and Hawai’i, southern Africa, Asteraceae
Narrow-leafed ragwort, (Senecio inaequidens), has spread to Mexico and Europe.
Gravel groundsel, (Senecio skirrhodon), is not a serious problem in agriculture.
German ivy, (Senecio mikaniodes), Cape ivy, leaves have 5-7 sharply-pointed lobes, lush foliage, (houseplant), South Africa, Asteraceae
Riddell groundsel, (Senecio riddelli), pyrrolizidine alkaloid stock poison, weed, USA, Asteraceae
String of pearls, (Senecio rowleyanus), pendant thread-like stems, pea-like leaves, resemble beads, (houseplant), Asteraceae
Catechou, (Senegalia catechu), catechu, kher, black cutch, source of extracts cutch and catechu, seed extract red paan for chewing betel leaf, traditional medicine, Catechin, Asia, Fabaceae.
Cha-om, (Senegalia pennata, subsp. insauvis), Prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Fabaceae.
Alexandrian senna, (Senna alexandrina), true senna, Indian senna, Egyptian senna, "senna" tea, herbal remedy, senna leaves and senna pods for treatment of constipation, congestion of the colon, senna glycosides, (the sennosides A and B), irritate lining of the bowel causing increased intestinal muscle contractions leading to vigorous bowel movement, commercial cultivation, ornamental, Egypt, India, Fabaceae.
Dried herb is sold as leaves and as seed pods.
See diagram: (Senna alexandrina), (Photo by Lalithamba).
See diagram: Sennosides molecule.
Rainforest cassia, (Senna acclinis), brush senna, native cassia, up to 3 m, bright golden yellow flowers, Australia, Fabaceae.
Candle bush, (Senna alata), seven golden candlesticks, emperor's candlesticks, ringworm bush, guajava, ornate yellow candle-like inflorescence blooms through most of the year, brown-black seed pods with two broad wings called senna pods Anthraqinone, Sennosides, Dianthrone, O-glycosides, yellow Chrysophanic acid Saponins, herbal remedy, treat ringworm, stimulating laxative, ornamental, weed, Mexico, Fabaceae.
Climbing cassia, (Senna gaudichaudiana), Gaudichaud's senna, up to 4 m, Australia, Hawaii, Fabaceae.
Hairy senna, (Senna hirsuta), sicklepod, shower senna, stinking cassia, woolly senna, single or multi-stemmed, becomes woody with age, pinnate leaves with hairy leaflets, ribbed leaf stalks with prominent conical gland at base, yellow flowers, hairy cylindrical pods, invasive weed tropical Americas, Fabaceae
Algarrobilla, (Senna sophora), yellow flowers, root bark folk medicine, Australia, Bangladesh, Fabaceae.
Sequoia and similar species, redwoods, family Cupressaceae
Saw palmetto, (Serenoa repens), up to 3 m, leaves up to 2 m, yellow-white, fruit red-black drupe | Fatty acids | Phytosterols | flowers, palm, native American food and medicine, prostate gland, anti-inflammatory, used to treat PBH, (benign prostatic hyperplasia), other urinary problems, may affect testosterone levels, coastal South Atlantic, USA and Gulf, Arecaceae
Dried herb is sold as crushed berries or crushed berries powder.
Mountain fire-bush, (Seringia hillii), velvet flower, mall shrub, many purple flowers, soft leaves, Australia, Malvaceae
Seringia hookeri, purple flowers, Australia, Malvaceae
Seringia integrifolia, Australia, Malvaceae
Serruria florida X rosea, sugar 'n' spice, pink flowers, Proteaceae
Sesame, (Sesamum indicum), annual, up to 100 cm, lanceolate leaves, yellow tubular flowers with mouth in four lobes, ancient oilseed, ovate seeds 4 mm x 2 mm, in sesame seed buns, snacks | Agmatine | Citrulline | Gentisic acid | Pedalitin | Sesamin | Sesamol | Sesamolinol | Sesamose | some infants are allergic to it, recently, October 2021, a teen-aged English girl ate a salad sandwich purchased in an aeroplane, went into convulsions and died, because the sandwich contained sesame seeds, Pedaliaceae.
West Indian pea tree, (Sesbania grandiflora), humming bird tree, fast growing, short lived, white or red flowers have taste of mushroom, stem of pistil has bitter flavour, stir fried or lightly steamed, Fabaceae
Red sesbania, (Sesbania punica), herbal medicine, Queensland not present prohibited invasive plant, Fabaceae
Sesbania, (Sesbania sesban), Egyptian river hemp, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Sea purslane, (Sesuvium portulacastrum), coastal plant, withstands wind and salt spray, smooth, fleshy linear leaves, 5 petals, pink flowers to 10 mm, black seeds in seed capsules, salty taste, raw leaves used as garnish, folk medicine, antibacterial, anticandidal, antifungal.
| Ecdysterone | pioneer species on beaches, dune restoration, Aizoaceae
Sea Purslane Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Sea Purslane Tucker Bush.
Fan-leafed pit pit, (Setaria palmifolia), palm grass, 1 metre, hardy perennial grass, tolerates light frost, thick base, culinary uses, eaten raw and cooked, stir-fries Poaceae
Setaria palmifolia, Pitpit, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Setaria anceps, setaria grass, nandi, for coastal areas, aggressive, early spring growth.
Setaria incrassata, purple pigeon grass, pasture grass, Poaceae
Setaria italica, foxtail millet, dwarf setaria, widely planted millet in East Asia, Poaceae
Purple queen, (Setcreasea purpurea), trailing herb, thick succulent purple stems, up to 35 cm, small pinks flowers with two purple bracts, watery mucilage cause itchiness, popular home potted plant, Commelinaceae
Secale cereale, cereal rye grass, Poaceae
Five-flavour berry, (Schisandra chinensis), Chinese mock-barberry, Chinese we wei zi, woody vine, Chinese magnolia-vine, may be single sex or both sexes, red berries in dense clusters called magnolia berry, used for juices wines sweets, (five-flavour-fruit Chinese wǔwèizi), has all the five flavours, sweet, sour salty, bitter and pungent, Chinese herbal medicine to treat liver, kidney and skin ailments, relaxing tonic, sexual function, immune responses, Schisandraceae
Dried herb is sold as berries.
Butterfly flower, (Schisandra glabra), bay starvine, Schisandraceae
Red sickingia, (Sickingia rubra), timber tree, red dyes, folk medicine as febrifuge and purgative, Central and South America, Rubiaceae
St. Paul's wort, (Siegesbeckia orientalis), common St Paul's wort, Indian weed, hardy plant, up to 1 metre, herbal medicine, stomach tonic, anti-rheumatic, skin diseases, cuts, burns, made as a tincture gives a protective covering like a second skin on cuts, Asteraceae
Red alpine catchfly, (Silene suecica), alpine catchfly, (indicates high copper content in soil), Norway, Caryophyllaceae
St Mary's thistle, (Silybum marianum), milk thistle, blessed milk thistle, variegated thistle, stock poison, weed, white markings supposed to be from milk from Our Lady's breast, salads, herbal medicine, may lower the blood glucose level, affect how other herbs are used by the liver's "cytochrome P450" enzyme system, and may slow calcium metabolism, protect liver from excess alcohol consumption, China, Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as whole seed or dried fruit and seed powder.
Jojoba, (Simmondsia chinensis), goat nut, deer nut, coffeeberry, grown commercially to extract jojoba oil, evergreen slow-growing shrub, up 3 m, tough blue-green leaves with upward point, yellowish-green flowers on female bush or male and female flowers one one bush, edible nut tastes like hazelnut, seed oil includes | Sitosterol
| 24-methylcholesterol | Isofucosterol | Stigmasteroland | used for skin care, jojoba meal contains | Simmondsin | which may suppress appetite, grows in rocky sandy soil, native American folk medicine, USA. Mexico, (not China), monotypic species of Simmondsiaceae
Sinapsis alba mustard.
Gloxinia, (Sinningia speciosa), 'florest's Gloxinia', large oval-oblong leaves, from tuber, showy bell flowers, (houseplant), Gesneriaceae
Monk fruit, (Siratia grosvenorii), luo han guo, Chinese medicine, low calorie sweetener, Southern China, Cucurbitaceae
Hedge-mustard, (Sisymbrium officiale), flix weed, flux weed, herbal medicine, Brassicaceae
Blue pigroot, (Sisyrhynchum micranthum), striped rush-weed, blue-eyed grass, tiny plant with minute flowers, weed, Mexico, South America, Iridaceae
Great water parsley, (Sium suave), creeping water parsley, aquatic, poisonous skirret, Apiaceae
Blush alder, (Sloanea australis), maiden's blush, blush carabeen, timber tree, Australia, Elaeocarpaceae
Sloanea australis, Blush alder, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Yellow carabeen, (Sloanea woollsii), up to 55 m, plank buttresses, Australia, Elaeocarpaceae
Yacón, (Smallanthus sonchifolius), apple of the earth, yacón, yacon, Peruvian ground apple, perennial, daisy-like, sweet tuberous roots | inulin | Colombia, Asteraceae
See diagram: Smallanthus sonchifolius.
Yacon, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Sarsaparilla, (Smilax aristolochiifolia), Mexican sarsaparilla, gray sarsaparilla | Parillin | Sarsaparilloside | Glycyphyllin | Sarsasapogenin | Smilacaceae
Dried herb is sold as root, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Common smilax, (Smilax aspera), rough bindweed, Spanish sarsaparilla, Mediterranean smilax | Yamogenin | Sarsagenin, C27H44O3 sapogenin | Smilacaceae
Lawyer vine, (Smilax australis), austral sarsaparilla, barbwire vine, "wait-a-while", thorny climber, edible globular black fruit, Australian native food. woody stems used as fire sticks to ignite a fire, Australia, Smilacaceae
Ecuadorian sarsaparilla, (Smilax febrifuga), Guayaquil sarsaparilla, Smilacaceae
Sweet sarsaparilla, (Smilax glyciphylla), sweet tea, native sarsaparilla, "Botany Bay tea", dioecious climber, coastal rainforest, three-veined leaves, coiling tendrils, small flowers, black globose berries with one seed, leaves used as antiscorbutic to cure scurvy | glyciphyllin glycoside | herbal medicine, tea substitute, sold as sarsaparilla-flavoured drink, Australian native food, Smilacaceae
Vera Cruz sarsaparilla, (Smilax medica), Mexican sarsaparilla, Smilacaceae
Sarsaparilla, (Smilax officinalis), true sarsaparilla, Jamaican sarsaparilla, in tonic and soft drink, licorice-like flavour, Smilacaceae
"Sarsaparilla", (Smilax ornata), Jamaican sarsaparilla, perennial, trailing vine, in sarsaparilla and root beer | Smilogenin | herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, Mexico, Central America, Smilacaceae
Dried herb sold as root powder.
Honduras sarsaparilla, (Smilax regelii), "sarsaparilla", (sarsaparilla soft drink and root beer), herbal medicine | Sarsasapogenin | Parigenin | Smilacaceae
Roundleaf greenbrier, (Smilax rotundifolia), common greenbrier, cat brier, woody vine, herbal medicine, Smilacaceae
Alexanders, (Smyrnium olusatrum), horse parsley, soups and salads, herbal medicine, ornamental, Apiaceae
See diagram Alexanders
Socratea exorrhiza, stilt palm, Arecaceae
Solandra species, Solanaceae
Potato, (Solanum tuberosum), Irish potato, vegetable, vegetative reproduction by tuber | Calystegin | Carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate | Chaconine | Coumaric acid | Delphinidin | Lubimin | Phytuberin | Plastocyanin | Propane-1-thiol | Propane-2-thiol | Rishitin | Solanine | Solavetivone | Starch | Tryptamine | Tuberonic acid |.
poisonous leaves and stems, green tubers and sprouts, Solanaceae.
Solanum tuberosum, Potato, Daleys Fruit tree Nursery
Potato experiments.
Glycoalkaloids in potatoes are | Solanine | a-Chaconine | which give flavour at low concentrations, but cause bitterness and are toxic to humans at high concentrations.
The glycoalkaloids protect the potato from attack by insects and fungi.
Potatoes should be stored in cool dark places, because as potato peel becomes greener the concentration of solanine increases, with upper safety limit for glycoalkaloid content is 20 mg per 100 g of potato, but concentrations are much greater in the potato peel.
Solanum species, nightshades, Solanaceae
There are more than 100 Solanum species in Australia, but only a half-dozen are edible and the unripe fruits of these are toxic.
Only an expert botanist can advise if a Solanum species found in the wild is edible.
Species called "bush tomatoes" are edible and include (Solanum esuriale), (Solanum centrale), (Solanum ellipticum) and (Solanum cleistogamum).
The edible (Solanum coactiliferum) is edible only after removal of the skin.
Kangaroo apple, is the common name for two almost identical species, and is the name of both the plant and its fruit.
The deeply-lobed leaves of kangaroo apples plants have a shape like kangaroo foot-print.
Kangaroo apple 1, (Solanum aviculare), large kangaroo apple, pam plum, poroporo, New Zealand nightshade, soft wooded shrub, bush tomato. fruit must be ripe before it is consumed, outer skin may blister the mouth | Solasonine | Australian native food, folk medicine, Solanaceae
Solanum aviculare, Kangaroo apple, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Kangaroo apple 2, (Solanum laciniatum), bush tomato, fast-growing shrub, up to 2 m, deeply=lobed green leaves, brilliant purple-blue flowers with prominent yellow stamens, young foliage contains steroids for manufacture of contraceptives, decorative egg-shaped fruit turn from green to yellow to orange as they ripen, fruit eaten only when ripe, easily grown home screen plant, Solanaceae
Kangaroo apple Speciality Produce
Solanum laciniatum, Kangaroo apple, Southern Harvest
Ajanhuiri, (Solanum ajanhuiri), diploid, more frost hardy than common potato, grows high in Andes mountains, bitter tubers can be cooked for food, Solanaceae
American black nightshade, (Solanum americanum), black nightshade, common nightshade, blackberry nightshade, wild currants, (cyanide and oxalic acid so must cook, green berries poisonous), bitter sweet, toxic alkaloids, berry fruit, hazardous plant, green fruit poisonous | Chaconine | Solanidine | Solanine | Solasodine | herbal medicine, Solanaceae
Berthaults potato, (Solanum berthaultiii) | Farnesene | Isobutryric acid | said to resist the potato blight Phytophthora infestans, Bolivia, Solanaceae
Tamarillo, (Solanum betaceum), tree tomato, up to 5 m, evergreen, fast growing, short-lived plant, susceptible to nematodes, pink-white flowers, tomato-like egg-shaped yellow to red fruit, used fresh, cooked, propagation from seeds, subtropical to tropical, Peru, Solanaceae
See diagram Tree tomato.
Solanum betaceum, Tamarillo, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Solanum betaceum, Tamarillo, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
False Jerusalem cherry, (Solanum capsiacastrum), Christmas cherry, winter cherry, (houseplant), Solanaceae
Cockroach berry, (Solanum capsicoides), hazardous plant with spines and sharp hairs | alkaloid Solanine | widely introduced invasive, Brazil, Solanaceae
Pepino berry, (Solanum caripense), Tzimbalo, similar to Pepino berry, (Solanum muricatum), Solanaceae
Solanam caripense, Pepino berry, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Desert raisin, (Solanum centrale), bush raisin, bush sultana, akadjura, kutjera, now most popular "bush tomato", small, arid-zone shrub whose ripe fruits have a savoury robust flavour similar to sun-dried tomatoes, most often dried and ground into a spice for use in casseroles, curries and salsas, Australian native food, Solanaceae
Tanami apple, (Solanum succosum), ngaru, up to 1.5 m, golf-ball sized fruit hang from the bush on spiny stems, ripe fruit contains black bitter seeds tasting like melo Australian native food, Solanaceae
Wild potato, (Solanum chacoense) | Chaconine | Demissine | most widely distributed wild potato, South America, Solanaceae
Rucki, (Solanum curtilobum), (hybrid S. juzepczuki X S, tuberosum), papa rucki, short nightshade, pentapolyploid | Demissine | Peru, Bolivia, Solanaceae
Bush tomato, (Solanum diversifolium), male flowers and bisexual flowers on same plant, important Australian native food in western deserts, Solanaceae
Silverleaf nightshade, (Solanum elaeagnifolium), silver-leaf bitter-apple, satansbos, deep-rooted summer growing perennial plant, invasive, seriously reduces crop and pasture production, Americas, Solanaceae
Potato bush, (Solanum ellipticum), potato weed, ripe fruit have pungent smell, "bush tomato", Australian native food, Solanaceae
Flannel bush, (Solanum lasiophyllum), up to 2 m, purple-violet flowers, native Australian medicinal plant, rocky outcrops, Solanaceae
Devil's apple, (Solanum linnaeanum), apple of Sodom | Solasonine | invasive, South Africa, Solanaceae
Tomato plant, (Solanum lycopersicum), up to 2.5 m, annual, light to dark green foliage | toxic alkaloid Tomatidine in roots and leaves and fruits, insecticide | grown as summer crop to year-round in sub-tropical/tropical areas, use well-drained moist soil enriched with plenty of organic matter, in full sun, but protected from winds, small yellow flowers, soft hairy stems, berry fruit usually red.
In 1753, Carl Linnaeus gave the name (Solanum lycopersicum) to the tomato, which takes precedence over the later name (Lycopersicum esculentum).
Determinate varieties, 'bush tomatoes', are 50 cm to 1 m tall, grown in pots so no staking is needed, have a shorter harvest times than indeterminate tomatoes.
The plants die after they bear fruit, so for continuous production, planting must be staggered throughout the growing season.
Indeterminate varieties, ‘vining’ tomatoes, can climb up to 2.5 m, so staking is needed.
They can be harvested during the whole growing season, so picking often to for more flowers and fruit.
Tomatoes are eaten raw in salads and sandwiches, and are cooked in pastas, soups, stir-fries and paste or chutney.
Tomatoes are a savoury vegetable, with juice sold separately, and fruit powder sold as flavouring and thickening agent, and edible oil is obtained from the seed.
Plant tomatoes in a sunny place with well-drained soil, with compost, aged manure and a dusting of garden lime.
Plant the first seedling deeper than normal, then remove the first set of leaves and for a planting depth guide.
For indeterminate varieties, insert stakes or a trellis for support as they grow and tie the plants loosely to the stakes with soft garden ties.
Add organic mulch, e.g. crushed sugarcane stems, to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Remove lateral shoots, or side shoots between the main stem and branches, to encourage plants to grow vertically.
Add water regularly in the early morning around the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage.
Add organic pelletised fertiliser each month and use liquid fertiliser high in potassium.
Harvest 10-12 weeks from sowing, when the skin is firm and the colour has changed.
Treat aphids, whitefly, caterpillars (budworm) and mites with organic insecticide.
The females of the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoniI 'Qfly') and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata 'Medfly') lays eggs in the tomato fruit and the larvae spoil the fruit and cause it to drop.
Use fruit fly traps to detect fruit fly activity and spray a fruit fly insecticide.
The fungal diseases, powdery mildew and leaf spots occur if tomato leaves are consistently wet and there is inadequate spacing between plants.
The wilts that affect tomatoes include the following: *Verticillium wilt fungus and fusarium wilt fungus are persistent infections from the soil, which cause withering from the base upwards and stems that are black or red brown inside.
* Bacterial wilt causes rapid wilting and death of the plant.
* Spotted wilt virus causes brown leaf spots and rings.
Control these diseases with choice of resistant varieties, crop rotation and burning of infected plants.
| 13.6.4 Tomato sauce, ketchup, catsup
| 9.58 Parenchyma cells of tomato
| 9.5.12 Flower and fruit formation of tomato
| Tomatidine |
Dried herb sold as fruit powder.
Currant tomato, (Solanum pimpinettifolium), pimp, cherry tomato, wild species, resistant to bacterial and salinity stress experienced by popular cultivated tomatoes but fruit yield, shape, and size are highly compromised, used for genetic experiments, Peru, Ecuador, Solanaceae
Grosse Lisse tomato, Bunnings
Sweetbite tomato, Bunnings
Marmande tomato, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Santorine tomato, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Eggplant, (Solanum melongena), aubergine, brinjal, Solanaceae
Annual or perennial herb, up to 1.5 m tall, cultivated for its large edible fruit, original types resembled goose eggs, ovate leaves to 20cm long and 10 cm wide, inflorescence a single, large, hermaphrodite flower below a few smaller, male flowers which may be lacking, globose oblong dark shining purple berry 10–20 cm long, pale flesh, many seeds, widely cultivated | Calystegin B2 | Lumimin | Solasonine, steroid, C45H73NO16, potentially toxic | Solanaceae
Start seeds in small pots containing potting mix.
Choose a sunny spot in the garden and enrich soil with plant fertiliser.
When seedlings are 7 to 10 cm tall, transplant into the garden bed.
Add organic mulch, e.g. sugar cane crushed stems and feed weekly with liquid plant food.
Attach plants to stakes as the plants grow to support the weight of the fruit.
Eggplants can be grown in a pot more than 300 mm wide and deep.
Eggplant fruit can be picked starting from 14 weeks after sowing.
To harvest, cut fruit stalks with secateurs, leaving 2 cm of stem on the fruit.
Harvest regularly when fruit skin is smooth to promote further flowering and fruiting.
5.12 Flowers and fruit
Udder plant, (Solanum mammosum), perennial, up to 1 metre, yellow fruit shaped like cow's udder, herbal medicine, Solanaceae
Green eggplant, (Solanum melongena), original types resembled goose eggs.
USA variety 'Louisiana Long Green', grown as short-lived perennial or biennial in subtropical areas.
It is non-bitter, up to 20 cm long abundant green fruit to be picked early before seed set and if they go yellow, grown in subtropical areas. India, Solanaceae
Pepino, (Solanum muricatum), pepino berry, pepino melon, pepino, melon pear, tree melon, Solanaceae
Solanum muricatum, Pepino Berry, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Black nightshade, (Solanum nigrum), European black nightshade, blackberry nightshade, soft wooded herb, up to 60, weed growing in gardens or waste areas, small, star-shaped white flowers clustered together in groups of 4 to 8 alternate leaves, fruit grows in bunches, green globular berries ripening black, soft fruit contain numerous small seeds, entire plant toxic but ripe berries may be harmless, ingested green berries cause headache and mild stomach upset. toxic to livestock, folk medicine, Solanaceae
Wild tomato, (Solanum phlomoides), bush tomato, prickly shrub, Western Australia, Solanaceae
Lulo de perro, (Solanum pseudolulo), sweet naranjilla, spiky leaves, Columbia, Solanaceae
Naranjilla, (Solanum quitoense), medium shrub, hairy, green inside, used for juice, seedlings susceptible to root knot nematodes, Ecuador, Colombia, Solanaceae
Solanum quitoense, Naranjilla, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Cocona, (Solanum sessiliflorum), tropical shrub, large herbaceous plant, evergreen, fast growing, fruit, small to medium ovoid, orange, subacid to sour pulp, many small seeds preserves, jelly, cooking, propagation from seeds, South America, Solanaceae
Solanum sessiliflorum. Cocona, Daleys Fruit tree Nursery
Turkey berry, (Solanum torvum), devil's fig, nightshade, small short-lived tree, unless grafted shrub, root stock for eggplant, because resistant to nematodes, small intensely bitter, green marble-sized fruit in Thai curries | Solasonine | Solanaceae
Golden rod, (Solidago canadensis), Canada goldenrod, perennial, deciduous, up to 1 metre, bright yellow flowers | Linalool | herbal medicine, chew flowers for sore throat, invasive stolons, North America, Asteraceae
Golden Rod, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as root.
5.6.3.3 Prepare goldenrod indicator, electric writing
Sweet goldenrod, (Solidago odora), fragrant goldenrod, perennial, up to 1 metre, leaves deeper green smelling of anise when crushed, yellow flowers are in one-sided spreading raceme, herbal medicine, stimulant "Blue Mountain Tea", North America, Asteraceae
European goldenrod, (Solidago virgaurea), woundwort, golden rod sorrel, perennial herb, up to 100 cm, woody rhizome, many flower heads at top of stem, herbal medicine, astringent, diuretic, catarrh, kidney stones, garden herb, Hungary, Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Bindii weed, (Soliva sesselis), field burweed, ferny-leafed, should be removed before they produce sharp-needled seeds, South America, Asteraceae
Common sowthistle, (Sonchus oleraceus), [it is not a thistle, e.g. spiniest thistle, (Cirsium spinosissimum)!], hare's lettuce, edible young leaves, herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Shrubby sophora, (Sophora flavescens), kuhseng, necklace pod, toxic root, 17 known alkaloids including | Oxymatrine | Matrine | Chinese herbal medicine, Fabaceae
Brush sophora, (Sophora fraseri), scrub sophora, up to 2m, yellow flowers, plumb seeds and pods like string of beans, Australia, Fabaceae
Sophora fraseri, Brush sophora, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Scholar tree, (Sophora japonica), pagoda tree, attractive conical tree, white flowers, dark brown timber, Japan, Fabaceae
Kowhai, (Sophora microphylla), evergreen tree, yellow flowers hang down, nectar toxic to honeybees, national flower of New Zealand, Fabaceae
Texas mountain laurel, (Sophora secundiflora), mescal bean, kuhseng, popular ornamental, cytisine alkaloid, Fabaceae
Necklace pod, (Sophora tomentosa), inedible seedpods, 15 cm long, fish poison, Australia, Fabaceae
Rowan, (Sorbus aucuparia), common rowan, mountain ash, the original "rowan", mountain-ash, very useful tree, bitter fruit, planted in parks, herbal medicine, Rosaceae
Sorbus species are called rowans or mountain-ash trees, Rosaceae
Sorbus americana, American mountain ash, Rosaceae
Sorbus ana, common whitebeam, Rosaceae
Sorbus aucuparia, rowan, European mountain ash, wiggentree, witchen, white beam, service tree, England, Rosaceae
Sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor), grain sorghum, forage sorghum, great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra jowar, milo, (the cultivated species of sorghum )| Dhurrin | low severity poison, invasive environmental weed, crop grass native to Africa, Poaceae
Sorghum, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
Columbus grass, (Sorghum almum), crooble, good pioneer species, drought and salt tolerant. short lived, Poaceae
Johnson grass, (Sorghum halapense), stock feed, Poaceae
Sudan grass, (Sorghum sudanense), stock feed, Poaceae
African hemp, (Sparrmannia africana), large pale green downy leaves, clusters of white flowers, purple stamens, (houseplant), Malvaceae
Broom, (Spartium junceum), broomseed oil, (Genet absolute), weaver's broom, genista, genet, caprillic acid, phenols, yellow dye | Sparteine | Fabaceae
Pearl lily, (Spathiphyllum wallsii), spathe flower, white sails, lance-shaped leaves from rhizome, flowers like lily, houseplant, can live in shade, raphides, Araceae
Spathiphyllum is a genus of about 47 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas and southeastern Asia.
Certain species of Spathiphyllum are commonly known as spath or peace lilies.
They are evergreen herbaceous perennial plants with large leaves 12–65 cm long and 3–25 cm broad.
The flowers are produced in a spadix, surrounded by a 10–30 cm long, white, yellowish, or greenish spathe.
The plant does not need large amounts of light or water to survive.
Spathiphyllum sp., Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
African tulip tree, (Spathodea campanulata), tulip tree, fountain tree, flame of the forest, fire tree, ornamental tree, Queensland restricted invasive plant, Bignoniaceae
Purple ground orchid, (Spathoglottis plicata), up to 50 cm, Australia, Orchidaceae Spergula, spurry, Caryophyllaceae
Spergularia, sand spurry, Caryophyllaceae
Sphaerella, (Haematococcus), green algae, Phylum Chlorophyta.
Sphagnum, peat moss, Phylum Bryophyta.
Spinach, (Spinacea oleracea), English spinach, annual, up to 30 cm, simple alternate leaves used as leaf vegetable, raphides, good source of vitamins and minerals, but high level of | Oxalates | iron content estimated as 2.71 milligrams per 100 grams and does not make iron unavailable | cans of spinach made popular by cartoon character Popeye the Sailor Man, China, Amaranthaceae
Spinach, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb is sold as leaf powder.
Super Strong Spinach's, Basilea Living Herbs
Spinifex, Spinifex hirsutus, Australia, Poaceae
Spinifex littoreus, widespread, Poaceae
Spinifex longifolius, widespread, Thailand, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, Poaceae
Spinifex sericeus, Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Poaceae
Spirillum, Phylum Proteobacteria
Sphaerella, (Haematococcus)
Spirulina, Phylum Cyanophyta ("blue-green algae")
Spirogyra Spirogyra, Zygnema, Phylum Chlorophyta
9.1.17 Plasmolysis in Spirogyra
9.1.3 Spirogyra, Zygnema, Chlorophyta Division.
6.5.4 Chloroplasts, Spirogyra, Zygnema, Closterium
Ambarella, (Spondias cytherea), June plum, hog plum, golden apple, Otaheite apple, large tree, fruit, large, yellow sweet pulp, large spiny stone, used fresh, preserves jelly, deciduous, fast growing, air-layering, large cuttings, South Pacific, Anacardiaceae
Spondias dulcis, Ambarella, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Yellow mombin, (Spondias mombin), hog plum, medium tree, deciduous, fruit, small, yellow, subacid, large seed contains oil, thick skin, thick pulp, used fresh or cooked, jelly, propagation from seeds, cuttings, Mexico, Anacardiaceae
Red mombin, (Spondias purpurea), purple mombin, medium tree, small, red, subacid, used fresh, cooked, jelly, deciduous seeds, cuttings Tropical America, Anacardiaceae
Spondias purpurea, Red mombin, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Imbu, (Spondias tuberosa), Brazil plum, small tree, deciduous, slow growing, fruit, yellow-red, small, sweet, round, thick rind, used fresh, cooked, propagation from seeds, cuttings, Brazil, Anacardiaceae
American rat's tail grass, (Sporobolus jacquemontii), invasive, (dropseed grass), Poaceae
Giant American rat's tail grass, (Sporobolus pyramidalis), invasive, (dropseed grass), Poaceae
Betony, (Stachys officinalis), purple betony, wood betony, bishop's wort, common hedgenettle, perennial up to 60 cm, groundcover, herbal medicine, sedative, Lamiaceae
Betony, Mudbrick Cottage, See text below Description.
Chinese artichoke, (Stachys affinis), Japanese artichoke, artichoke betony, crosnes, wood betony, clown's woundwort, woundwort, herbaceous perennial sprawling plant with rough, light green leaves, attractive tubers like pearly seashells, hardy plant, up to 50 cm, hardy plant, deciduous, delicate nutty flavour, Lamiaceae
Lamb's ears, (Stachys byzantina), woolly hedge nettle, lamb's tongues, perennial, hardy plant, up to 20 cm, ornamental, attractive border plant, grey furry felt-like leaves fun to touch, herbal medicine, attractive border plant, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as aerial parts, Mudbrick Cottage
All heal, (Stachys palustris), marsh woundwort, hedge-nettle, edible roots, herbal medicine, bruised leaves wound covering, persistent horizontal tuber, weed, Europe, Asia, Lamiaceae
Wood betony, (Stachys sylvatica), hedge woundwort, hedge nettle, to 80 cm, purple flower, crushed leaves have, unpleasant smell, herbal medicine, used to treat wounds, sedative, Lamiaceae
Common snakeweed, (Stachytarpheta indica), porter weed, herbal remedy, Verbenaceae
Carrion flower, (Stapelia grandiflora), aasblom, African starfish flower, large starfish-shaped patterned flower, carrion smell, attracts pollinating flies, greenhouse plant, South Africa, Apocynaceae
Starfish flower, (Stapelia variegata), clump-forming succulent, angular fleshy green stem star-shaped flowers, (houseplant), Apocynaceae
Kepel apple, (Stelechocarpus bura), kepel, fruit, ornamental, oral deodorant, Indonesia, Annonaceae
Chickweed, (Stellaria media), starwort, perennial, hardy plant, a, groundcover, indicates moist fertile soils, highly nutritious, mild pleasant flavour | high content of Oxalic acid | herbal medicine, herbal tea to treat hot inflamed skin that needs bathing, culinary uses, edible leaves used in salads, soups, on pizzas, used in compost, animal feed, Caryophyllaceae.
Dried herb is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Firewheel tree, (Stenocarpus sinuatus), wheel of fire, up to 40 m, widely planted ornamental, Australian native species, 8 M, Australia, Proteaceae
Scrub beefwood, (Stenocarpus salignis), up to 30 m, rainforest, Australia, Proteaceae
Mexican organ pipe, (Stenocereus griseus), pitayo de mayo, pitaya fruit, tall cactus, toxic sap used to kill fish, Mexico, Cactaceae
St. Augustine grass, (Stenotaphrum secundatum), Charleston grass, buffalo turf, (not "buffalo grass"), tropical lawn grass, pasture grass, North America, Poaceae
Jin qian, (Stephania cepharantha), herbaceous, perennial climbing vine, stems up to 2 metres long from a 20 cm wide tuberous rootstock, fruit rotund red drupe 6.5 mm diam, | Cepharanthine | root extract herbal medicine, Menispermaceae
Stephania kwangsiensis, perennial deciduous herbaceous vine, mountain shrub in limestone areas, root tuber extract is common Chinese herbal medicine, | Rotundine | analgesic. sedative, antipyretic effects | Palmatine | Corydine | Sinoacutine | China, Menispermaceae
Han fang ji, (Stephania tetrandra), Chinese medicine, China, Menispermaceae
Common wax plant, (Stephanotis floribunda), hoya, Madagascar jasmine, waxflower, Madagascar chaplet flower, bridal wear, glossy, oval leaves, very fragrant star-shaped tubular white flowers, shining white trumpet-shaped flowers, hyacinth fragrance, vigorous climber, subfamily Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae, (formerly Asclepiadaceae).
Peanut tree, (Sterculia quadrifida), green-yellow flowers, orange seed pods, edible black seeds like raw peanuts, Australian native food, Malvaceae
Professor Fitzgerald said: “It produces a beautiful fruit that tastes a lot like peanuts and contains very good oils, but the tree is so tall that it’s hard to harvest." “... experiment with growing the tree on trellises and other frameworks, bringing the fruit within reach." Sterculia quadrifida, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Sterculia quadrifida, Tucker Bush
Sterculia gum, (Sterculia urens), Indian tragacanth, ghost tree, damaged bark exudes karaya gum, used as laxative, ice cream thickener, India, Malvaceae
Family Sterculiaceae, cacao family
Sterculiaceae, formerly the Cacao family, based on Sterculia species, but genera are now placed in the family Malvaceae
Stevia, (Stevia rebaudiana), sweetleaf, sugar herb, sugar leaf, bertoni candyleaf, perennial, up to 60 cm, if fresh sweetness then aniseed-like flavour but not if dried, best grown in sun, protected from frost, moist, well-drained soil, culinary uses of leaves fresh or dried, natural sweetening properties times sweeter than sugar, said to be the only natural sweetener with zero calories and zero glycaemic index, use in drinks, baking, thistle flower heads in salads or herbal tea herbal medicine, low sugar food alternative, glucoside extract is 300 times sweeter than sugar, trade name, "Rebiana", Paraguay, Brazil, Asteraceae
See diagram: Stevia.
Steviocide, (steviol diterpene from Stevia rebaudiana + glucose --> steviocide sweetener), 250 to 300, e.g. "Stevia". CSR Smart label:.
a "pinch" of Stevia added to cane sugar for the "Smart 50% less calories" white sugar blend, India, Paraguay, Asteraceae
"CSR Smart white sugar blend, 50% less calories, twice as sweet so you use half as much cane sugar with a pinch of Stevia, 99.6% sugar with a hint of Stevia, same level of sugar sweetener at half the amount.
Half a teaspoon, (2 g), CSR SMART White Sugar Blend, 8 calories, (34 Kj) | One teaspoon, (4 g), sugar 16 calories, (6 Kj).
Stevia rebaudiana, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as leaves and as leaf powder.
Stevia rebaudiana, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Silky camelia, (Stewartia malocodendron), upright shrub, rose-like white flowers, North America, Theaceae
Esparto grass, (Stipa tenacissima), halfah grass, perennial grass, northwestern Africa, esparto fibre used to make baskets, Poaceae
Whalebone tree, (Streblus brunonianus), up to 30 m, rainforest, Australia, Moraceae
Bird of paradise flower, (Strelitzia reginae), ornamental, spectacular orange petals from a beak-like bud, South Africa, bird of paradise flower family, Strelitziaceae
See diagram: Strelitzia reginae flower
African violet, (Streptocarpus ionanthus), Usambara violet, evergreen tropical perennial herb, up to 15 cm, rosette of fuzzy leaves, long petioles, anthocyanin pigments in flowers, many cultivars, (houseplant), Tanzania, Gesneriaceae
4.3.1, Grow African violet with in vitro culture
4.3.2, Grow African violet from pieces of leaf
Cape ivy, (Streptocarpus saxorum), cape primrose, whorls of small, oval, hairy leaves, lilac flowers, Gesneriaceae
Streptocarpus hybrids, long, stemless, strap-shaped leaves, trumpet-shaped flowers, (household), irritating leaf sap, Gesneriaceae
Orange marmalade bush, (Streptosolen jamesonii), perennial shrub, bright orange flowers, Solanaceae
Witchweed, (Striga species), small, parasitic herbs, major pests of grain crops in Africa, native to semi-arid and tropical Africa, invasive, recorded in more than 40 countries, Orobanchaceae
Water soldier, (Stratiotes aloides), crab's claw, water aloe, common water soldier, in peaty oxbow lakes, ponds, ditches, reed zones of rivers, may completely cover the water surface, herbal medicine, Hydrocharitaceae
Pokok pecah, (Strobilanthes crispa), beling, used for its anticancer, diuretic and antidiabetic properties, Madagascar, Acanthaceae
Never never plant, (Stromanthe amiabilis), pale green large cross-banded each side of midrib, (houseplant), Marantaceae
Triostar somenthe, (Stromanthe sanguinea), glossy, lance-shaped leaves, conspicuous scarlet bracts around small white flowers, (houseplant), Marantaceae
Jade vine, (Strongylodon macrobotrys), strongylodon, bayabak, woody climber, grape-like bunches of jade green and turquoise blue flowers look artificial, tropical regions, Philippines, Fabaceae
Strongylodon macrobotrys, Jade vine, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Climbing oleander, (Strophanthus gratus), lianes | Acolongifloroside K | ouabain C | extracted from seeds, arrow poison, source of cortisone, K-strophanthin, G-strophanthin glucosides, East Africa Apocynaceae
Strychnine tree, (Strychnos nux-vomica), curare, poisonous, bitter | Brucine | Cantleyine | Loganin | Strychnine | not recommended for use as herbal medicine, India, Southeast Asia, Loganiaceae
Grass trigger plant, (Stylidium graminifolium), Australia, Poaceae
Townsville stylo, (Stylosanthes humilis), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Stylosanthes hamata, Caribbean stylo, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Stylosanthes, guianensis, common stylo, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Stylosanthes, hippocampoides, fine stem stylo, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Stylosanthes scabra, shrubby stylo, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Stylosanthes seebrana, caatinga stylo, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Red five corners, (Styphelia tubiflora), eastern Australia, Ericaceae
Styrax species, Styracaceae, styrax family
Seablight, (Suaeda australis), austral seablight, ('redweed' salinity indicator), semi-succulent shrub, up to 50 cm, purple-red fleshy tips of leaves eaten raw as vegetable, if cooked tastes like asparagus, young shoots can be pickled, salt marsh plant, Australian native food, Australia, Amaranthaceae
Suaeda australis, Tucker Bush
Sturt's desert pea, (Swainsona formosa), Darling pea, state floral emblem for South Australia, stock poison, weed, swainsonine-N-oxide, swainsonine alkaloid, Fabaceae
Darling pea, (Swainsona galegifolia), smooth Darling pea, long-lives perennial shrub, long flowering season, up to 1 m, Australia, Fabaceae
Dwarf Darling pea, (Swainsona luteola), prostrate, purple corolla, up to 50 cm, Australia, Fabaceae
Swertia, (Swertia chirata), Indian gentian, chitretta, blue flowers | Amarogentin | bitter herb, Ayurvedic medicine, used to treat fever, Gentianaceae
Star swertia, (Swertia perennis), felwort, wetlands, blue-violet corolla, northern hemisphere, Gentianaceae
Swertia purpurascens, herbal medicine | Xanthones | skin disorders, anti-inflammatory, northern India, Gentianaceae
Some plants in family Gentianaceae are called felworts (old English: field herb) American mahogany, (Swietenia mahagoni), mahogany tree, West Indian mahogany, mahogany, tropical hardwood, timber tree, up to 50 m, 2 m diameter, bole up to 40 m, mahogany was exported to Europe in the early 18th century, planted 1858 Brisbane City Botanic Gardens, used to make decorative high-quality original and reproduction cabinets and chairs, panelling, West Indies, Meliaceae