https://johnelfick.github.io/school-science-lessons/biology/UNBiolN3S.html#SalviaeleH not found
School Science Lessons
Biology
2026-01-13
S, (Sabal to Syzygium)
Contents
Ambarella, (Spondias cytherea)
Australian cashew nut, (Semecarpus australiensis)
Bloodroot, (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Bulrush, (Scirpus lacrustis)
Candle bush, (Senna alata)
Chia, (Salvia hispanica)
Choko, (Sechium edule)
Clary sage, (Salvia sclarea)
Dragonfruit, (Selenicereus undatus)
Elderberry, (Sambucus nigra)
Figwort, (Scrophularia nodosa)
Dragonfruit, (Selenicereus undatus)
Greek oregano, (Salvia fruticosa)
Houseleek, (Sempervivum tectorum)
Mexican sage, (Salvia leucantha)
Mother-in-law's-tongue, (Sansevieria trifasciata)
Pineapple sage, (Salvia elegans)
Quandong, (Santalum acuminatum)
Sage, (Salvia officinalis)
Salad burnet, (Sanguisorba minor)
Salak palm, (Salacca edulis)
Samphire, (Salicornia quinqueflora)
Savory, (Satureja repandra)
Saw palmetto, (Serenoa repens)
Sea purslane, (Sesuvium portulacastrum)
Senna, (Senna alexandrina)
Sesame, (Sesamum indicum)
Soapwort, (Saponaria officinalis)
Sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor)
Sugarcane, (Saccharum officinarium)
Sweet leaf, (Sauropus androgynus)
Tamarillo, (Solanum betaceum)
Tomato plant, (Solanum lycopersicum)
Umbrella tree, (Schefflera actinophylla)
Weeping willow, (Salix babalonica)
White willow, (Salix alba)
Sugarcane, (Saccharum officinarium), tall perennial grass, up to 6 m, thick jointed solid culms contain high concentration of
sucrose dissolved in cell sap, long narrow leaves that arise from the nodes, cultivated for juice used to producing sugar and molasses, stems used for basket
weaving, fibres used for thatching roofs, invasive, Poaceae
Caneite, is a low-density fibreboard panel is made from sugar cane fibres, and panels used indoors for partitions and fibre boards.
(Saccharum officinarium), Botany Brisbane
Arrowhead, (Sagittaria sagittifolia), swamp potato, edible round tuber, northern hemisphere, Alismataceae
Threeleaf arrowhead, (Sagittaria trifolia), Chinese arrowhead, water plantain, emergent swamp plant, edible tubers, Alismataceae
Broadleaf arrowhead, (Sagittaria latifolia), duck-potato, Indian potato, in shallow wetlands, edible tubers, Alismataceae
Delta arrowhead, (Sagittaria platyphylla aquarium plant, invasive, degrades natural wetlands, blocks irrigation channels, North America, Alismataceae
Salak palm, (Salacca edulis), snake palm, Java palm, snake fruit, spherical, covered by overlapping brown scales, sharp spines
so handle carefully, pulp sweet to tart, seed, used fresh, preserves, grown from seeds, impenetrable thickets in swampy areas, Malaysia, Arecaceae
Sala, (Salacca glabrescens), salak hutan, dense clustering palm, highly valued large pear-shaped fruits with snake-like skin, Thailand, Malaysia, Arecaceae
Snake fruit, (Salacca zalacca), 'salak', popular juicy fruit, spiny plant grows in clumps called salacca, Java, Arecaceae
Salacca zalacca, Salak fruit, Daleys Fruit Trees
Early purple orchid, (Salep dondurma), fox testicle, ground tuber in turkish ice cream "dondurma", | glucomannams, glucose + mannose | Orchidaceae
Samphire, (Salicornia quinqueflora), sea asparagus, ground covering succulent, up to 0.25 m, many branched leafless stems
with different colours, blanched in hot water before consumption, used in spicy dishes, Australian native food, Australia, Asparagaceae
White willow, (Salix alba), willow, sallow, osier, (female catkin called a "pussy", hence song: "Little pussy willow", Gilbert and Sullivan song
from "The Mikado", "Willow, titwillow, titwillow"), deciduous trees or shrubs, form large dense root-mats, long, narrow leaves with finely toothed edges
(except on pussy willows), numerous tiny flowers on flower stalks, small seeds with long silky hairs, anti-inflammatory, herbal medicine, willow bark
tablets and capsules used to treat backache, neck pain, hangover headache, can cause stomach irritation so do not take with alcohol or aspirin, England, Yugoslavia,
Salicaceae
Dried herb is sold as bark and bark powder: White willow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Willows are among Australia's worst weeds, because of their invasive tendencies, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts.
They can invade riverbanks and wetlands, causing erosion and blocking waterways.
Willows are a serious weed in Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital
However, weeping willow (Salix babylonica), and 2 hybrid species of pussy willow (Salix x calodendron) and (Salix x reichardtii) are permitted species.
Willow trees were given a pollard, cut off above the bole leaving only the main trunk to produce young straight branches for basket-weaving and wicker items.
Willow trees or branches of other trees used for basket-making, are called a "withy".
When furry catkins appear in early spring in smaller willow species, e.g. (Salix discolor), (Salix caprea), these trees may be called "pussy willows".
(Salix babalonica var. pekinensis 'Tortuosa'), corkscrew willow, (bark contains: | Catechin | Salicin | Tannin | England, Salicaceae
Weeping willow, (Salix babalonica), Chinese willow, Peking willow X European, herbal medicine, alcoholic glycoside salicin, converted in body to | salicylic acid | related to aspirin, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, Salicaceae
Salix babalonica, Weeping willow, Daleys Fruit Trees
Sage, (Salvia officinalis), common sage, garden sage, Dalmation sage, perennial, up to 40 cm, evergreen woody stems,
grey-green leaves, blue-purple flowers, culinary use, pepper-like flavour, folk medicine, ornamental,
Mediterranean region | Camphor | Cineole | Pinene | Thujone | herbal medicine, sage leaf constituents may stimulate menstruation and be abortifacient, do not use this herb during pregnancy, lactation, long term, or with other anticoagulant medication, may increase sedative side effects of drugs, do not take if hypoglycaemic or during anticonvulsive therapy, culinary uses as traditional flavouring herb, as a tincture, Egypt, Turkey, Lamiaceae
Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb is sold as leaves and leaf powder.
Sages culinary uses include: stuffing, with meat, salads, soups, cold drinks, and potpourri.
White sage, (Salvia apiana), bee sage, Lamiaceae
White Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Diviner's sage, (Salvia divinorum), diterpenoid psychoactive substances, not toxic, may be illegal to ingest, Lamiaceae
Fruity sage, (Salvia dorisiana), peach-scented sage, British Honduran sage, perennial, up to 1 metre, delicious smelling leaves and bright pink flowers, Lamiaceae
Fruity Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Greek oregano, (Salvia fruticosa), Lamiaceae
Greek sage, (Salvia fruticosa 'Greek Skies'), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
See diagram: Greek oregano.
Hummingbird sage, (Salvia guaranitica 'Tequila'), large shrub, blue flowers, South America, Lamiaceae
Hummingbird Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Chia, (Salvia hispanica), annual to biennial, height more than 1 metre, purple-blue flowers, seed, stores well, herbal medicine, culinary uses, leaf tea like sage,
high protein nutty seeds source of essential fatty acids, energy food and enzyme action, catalysts aid food digestion, thirst quencher, add to drinks, baking, Mexico, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as seed.
Roseleaf sage, (Salvia involucrata), large colourful flower bracts, Lamiaceae
Salvia involucrata 'Joan', Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Mexican sage, (Salvia leucantha), perennial, purple flowers, flowers all year, propagate by cuttings, Lamiaceae
Mexican sage Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Giant salvinia, (Salvinia molesta), Kariba weed, free-floating fern, forms dense mats on water, many branched horizontal stems, float just below the water surface, at each node a pair of floating oval-shaped hairy fronds, dense infestations cause mats, choke waterways, Queensland restricted invasive plant, Salviniaceae
Baby sage, (Salvia microphylla 'Baby Sage'), dwarf compact shrub, red flowers and bracts, Lamiaceae
Baby Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Chinese sage, (Salvia miltiorrhiza, 'red rooted sage'), red sage, red-rooted sage, dan shen | Lithospermic acid | Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as root.
Golden sage, (Salvia officinalis 'Icerterina'), variety of garden sage, Lamiaceae
Golden Sage, Salvia officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Purple sage, (Salvia officinalis, 'Purpurascens').
Purple Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Fuzzy Bolivian sage, (Salvia oxyphora), fuzzy cerise pink flowers, very ornamental, Lamiaceae
Fuzzy Bolivian Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Mountain desert sage, (Salvia pachyphylla), blue sage | Carnosol | antioxidant + phytochemicals, herbal medicine popular in Latin America, used to treat influenza, North America, Lamiaceae
Pineapple sage, (Salvia elegans, rutilans), pineapple-scented sage, fast-growing, herbaceous perennial, upright growth habit up to 1.5 m,
used as a base for fruit cups, scarlet flowers used as garnish, large oval-shaped foliage with a very distinctive aroma and flavour, vibrant tubular red blooms,
ornamental, leaves smell like pineapple, attracts butterflies, Lamiaceae
Pineapple Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
See diagram: Pineapple sage.
Clary sage, (Salvia sclarea), muscatel sage, clary wort, clear eye, see bright, clary, clarry, eye bright, huge grey-green leaves, herbal
medicine, Lamiaceae
Clary Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Wild clary sage, (Salvia verbenaca), wild sage, pasture weed, mucilaginous seed used for eye irritations, England, Lamiaceae
Annual clary sage, (Salvia viridis), oval, ornamental, herbal medicine for sore gums, Lamiaceae
Bog sage, (Salvia uliginosa), whorls of indigo blue flowers, Lamiaceae
Bog Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Elderberry, (Sambucus nigra), black elderberry, elder tree, blue elder, European elder, European elderberry, short-lived shrub, in woodlands, hedgerows,
waste land, leaves for activate compost, insect repellent, spray on aphids and, caterpillars, culinary uses, dark purple berries and flowers used as tea,
wine, cooking, a popular ingredient in supplements, other parts contain poisonous | Calcium oxalate | Anthocyanidins |
herbal medicine, elder flower tea, diuretic, treat inflammation, sinusitis, diabetes, elderberries, treat influenza symptoms, boost immunity, source of Vitamins A and C, Adoxaceae
Sambucus nigra, Elderberry, Daleys Fruit Trees
Don't confuse elderberry with American Elder, Elderflower, or Dwarf Elder.
Elderflower, (Sambucus nigra canadensis), American elderberry, Canada elderberry, or common elderberry, up to metres, leaves used to activate compost, insect repellent spray against aphids and caterpillars, herbal medicine, culinary uses, berries and flowers used for tea, wine, cooking, other parts contain poisonous | Calcium oxalate | Elderflower, blossoms of the elder tree, sweet floral tastes, short cooking time, used to make fragrant cordials, not toxic.
Elderberry, berries of the elder tree, fruity tart tastes, long cooking times, used to make jams, contains cyanogen glycoside, potentially poisonous, do not eat raw unripe berries.
Elder tree bark and leaves are poisonous, Adoxaceae
Dried herb is sold as flower heads, "Elderflower".
Dried herb is sold as berries, "Elderberries".
Elderflower, (Sambucus nigra canadensis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Sambucus species, (elders), elderberry, contains | Cyanin | red pigment
White elderberry, (Sambucus gaudichaudiana), understorey shrub in coastal rainforests, white flowers in large clusters, shiny white berries with pleasant sour taste, Australian native food, Adoxaceae
Bloodroot, (Sanguinaria canadensis), redroot, up to 50 cm, white petals, yellow stamens, one large lobed leaf, red rhizome,
orange sap | Sanguinarine | red juice is poisonous, possible cancer treatment, ornamental, North America, Papaveraceae
Dried herb is sold as root powder.
Salad burnet, (Sanguisorba minor), garden burnet, small burnet, burnet, culinary uses, salads, summer fruit drinks, dressings, herbal medicine, tea for diarrhoea, very popular herb, Europe and Asia, Rosaceae
Fresh and cooling with a nutty cucumber flavour that is delicious in salads.
Run your fingers along the leaf stem and let the round leaves fall into the salad bowl.
Blends with cream cheese and black pepper as a spread for biscuits and sandwiches and to flavour vinegars.
Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Great burnet, (Sanguisorba officinalis), up to 30 cm, hardy plant, herbal medicine, digestive, culinary uses, attractive leaves rich in calcium, cucumber-like flavour, salads, sandwiches, garnish, Chinese herbal medicine, Rosaceae
Santol, (Sandoricum koetjape), cotton fruit, medium to large tree, evergreen, fruit, medium, subacid, juicy, used fresh, from seeds air-layering, grafting,
Southeast Asia, Meliaceae
Cup of gold vine, (Solandra maxima), Hawaiian lily, golden chalice vine, showy chalice vine, perennial, up to 2 metres, vigorous hardy plant, stunning variegated,
glossy new leaves purple and cream, valued for floral art work, large cup-like golden flowers, aroma of coconut, Mexico, Central America, Solanaceae
Mother-in-law's-tongue, (Sansevieria trifasciata), snake plant, Angola hemp, perennial, tough, sword-like leaves, desert plant, bowstring hemp, leathery evergreen herbaceous weed, creeping rhizome, stiff leaves from a basal rosette, popular garden plant, when dumped as garden waste crowding out low growing native plants, spreads by rhizomes, Nigeria, Congo, Asparagaceae
Quandong, (Santalum acuminatum), desert quandong, sweet quandong, native peach, hemiparasitic on other tree roots, edible fruit called a quandong Australia, Santalaceae
Santalum species, Santalaceae, fruit commonly called a quandong
Desert quandong, (Santalum acuminatum), "Sweet Quandong", is a good eating fruit and nut.
Native occurs in arid inland Australia, and it regularly fruits without supplemental water.
The rounded, pendulous fruits, 2 to 3 cm across, change from green to bright red.
The firm, fleshy layer surrounding the stone is edible when quite ripe.
Juicy tasty flesh, popular "bushfood"
The fruit is high in vitamin C, and is used for exotic flavouring and as herbal medicine.
The ripe stage is usually indicated by the fruits falling to the ground or rattling when shaken.
Although the flesh is rather acid, it can be eaten raw, but is more often made into highly-prized pies, jams and jellies.
The stones are easily removed and the flesh can be dried for later use.
The seed is said to also be edible and to contain enough oil to burn like a candle.
The ground stones are used as a herbal medicine.
The seedlings are partially parasitic and are best germinated with a host such as grasses, acacias, or even citrus.
To germinate, the seed are cracked in a vice and the kernel removed.
The surface is sterilized with sodium hypochlorite, stored in slightly damp vermiculite, and put in a darkened area at 16 to 20oC.
Attempted domestication of species for commercial purposes, but germination is erratic.
(Many other Australian species are called "quandong"!)
See diagram: Quandong or native peach
Santalum acuminatum, Desert quandong, Daleys Fruit Trees
Indian sandalwood, (Santalum album), East Indian sandalwood, white sandalwood, white saunders, yellow sandalwood, sanderswood, Mysore sandalwood.
It is grown in India with (Zizyphus oenophilia) as a host, Santalaceae.
Santalum album, Indian sandal wood, Daleys Fruit Trees
Bitter quandong, (Santalum murrayanum), ming, root hemiparasite, shrub, sand plains, up to 5 m, white to yellow-green flowers, Australian native food, Santalaceae
Australian sandalwood, (Santalum spicatum), sandalwood nut, used for agroforestry, Australian native food, Santalaceae
See diagram: Sandalwood, (Santalum album)
Santolina green, (Santolina virens), small evergreen shrub, small yellow flowers, aromatic leaves, Asteraceae
Santolina Green, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Santolina grey, (Santolina chamaecyparissus), lavender cotton, cotton lavender, Asteraceae
Santolina Grey, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Wingleaf soapberry, (Sapindus saponaria), Hawaiian soapberry, soapnut, "Indian soap tree", in clumps up to 6 m, inflorescence dense panicles small white flowers, Americas, India, soapberry family, Sapindaceae
Dried herb is sold as seed hulls.
"Soapberry" usually refers to Sapindus species, which contain | Saponins |.
Soapwort, (Saponaria officinalis), common soapwort, bouncing bet, crow soap, fuller's herb, bruisewort, perennial, up to 30 cm, mild detergent properties,
used to wash old fabrics, in bath, shampoo hair and the dog, herbal remedy, chop leaves or root and simmer in water 5 minutes, strain and use, also for
dandruff and rashes, contains poisonous | Saponins | Saponoside D | Europe, Caryophyllaceae.
Soapwort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Rock soapwort, (Saponaria ocymoides), tumbling, prostrate, many-branched hairy stem, pink flowers, rock garden ornamental, Europe, Caryophyllaceae.
Sarcocapnos, (Sarcocapnos baetica), perennial, up to 10 cm, white flowers, fruit with side ribs. Papaveraceae
Sarcocapnos species contain many isoquinoline alkaloids.
Steelwood, (Sarcopteryx stipitata), tough and hard heavy timber, Australia, Sapindaceae
Sarcopteryx stipitata, Steelwood, Daleys Fruit Trees
Fern-leaved tamarind, (Sarcotoechia serrata), attractive fine fern-like fronds of pink to green foliage, leaves have a ripple to the edges, small egg-yolk-gold
berries, glossy red fruits, Australia, Sapindaceae
Sarcotoechia serrata, Fern-leaved tamarind, Daleys Fruit Trees
Yellow trumpet, (Sarracenia flava), yellow pitcher plant, American pitcher plant, trumpet pitcher, leaves like long trumpets, carnivorous herb, Sarraceniaceae
Purple pitcher plant, (Sarracenia purpurea, subsp. purpurea), eats insects, grows best in Sphagnum moss, North America, Sarraceniaceae
See diagram: Sarracenia.
Sassafras tree, (Sassafras albidum), white sassafras, up to 20 m, cuisine uses, leaves used thicken and flavour gumbo dishes | Limonene | Linalool | Myrcene | Phellandrene | Pinene | Safrole | in roots and bark, herbal medicine of native Americans, formerly used to flavour root beer, North America, Lauraceae
See diagram: Sassafras.
Savory, (Satureja repandra), perennial, hardy plant, prostrate groundcover, white flowers, culinary uses, sauces, salads, soups, meat,
vegetable, with beans, squash | Carvacrol | Thymol | Lamiaceae
Lemon savory, (Satureja repandra biflora), perennial, up to 30 cm, bright green leaves have exquisitely, strong lemon aroma and flavour, Lamiaceae
Lemon Savory, (Satureja montana citriodora), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Satureja species, contain | Carvacrol | Lamiaceae
Pink savory, (Satureja thymbra), za'atar rumi, Lamiaceae
Pink Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Winter savory, (Satureja montana), mountain savory, semi-evergreen, perennial, up to 40 cm, dark green leaves, lavender to white lowers, food flavouring | Carvacrol | Southern Europe, Lamiaceae
Winter Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Prostrate Winter Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Sweet leaf, (Sauropus androgynus), sweet leaf bush, katuk, star gooseberry, bush or small tree, needs extra water, used in salads, fries, nutty pea-like flavour, vitamin C | Papaverine | Phyllanthaceae
Sweet Leaf, Sauropus androgynus, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Sweet Leaf Bush, Daleys Fruit Trees
Showy sauropus, (Sauropus albiflorus), small shrub, up to 100 cm, Australia, Phyllanthaceae
Strawberry geranium, (Saxifraga stolonifera), mother of thousands, rounded leaves, plantlets cascade, (houseplant), Saxifragaceae
Saxifraga species are small plants growing in rock clefts, Saxifragaceae
Purple fan flower, (Scaevola aemula), fan flower, fairy fan-flower, groundcover, up to 600 mm, dark green foliage, small mauve-pink flowers, grow in well-drained soils or hanging baskets, Goodeniaceae
'White carpet' fan flower, (Scaevola albida), groundcover, small leaves. but many small white flowers, Australia, Goodeniaceae
Beach naupaka, (Scaevola sericea), sea-lettuce tree, ambong ambong, dense spreading shrub, tropical beaches, herbal medicine, Hawaii, Goodeniaceae
Kanna, (Sceletium tortuosum), channa, kougoed, succulent, folk medicine, psychoactive alkaloids, used to treat stress | Mesembrine | Mesembrenone | South Africa, Azoiaceae
Umbrella tree,(Schefflera actinophylla), octopus tree, large multi-stemmed tree, up to 10 m, bushy plant, very large compound leaves, (houseplant), Australia, Araliaceae
Dwarf umbrella tree, (Schefflera arboricola), parasol plant, leaflets from top of leaf stalk like umbrella, (popular houseplant), Taiwan, Araliaceae
Climbing umbrella tree, (Schefflera elliptica), up to 10 m, ornamental, folk medicine, contains lectins, Australia, Taiwan, Araliaceae
Peruvian peppercorn tree, (Schinus molle), evergreen tree, weeping foliage, up to 10 m, aromatic when rubbed, red ‘peppercorns’, shade tree, invasive, used in parks Eastern and Southern Australia, South America, Anacardiaceae
Broad-leaved pepper tree, (Schinus terebinthifolius), Queensland restricted invasive plant, Anacardiaceae
Butterfly flower, (Schizanthus pinnatus), poor man's orchid, lacy green foliage, attractive orchid-like flowers, South America, Solanaceae
Poor man's orchid, (Schizanthus hybrids), zygomorphic orchid-like flowers, (houseplants), Chile, Solanaceae
'Australian' white birch, (Schizomeria ovata), pale commercial timber, lines the Concert Hall of the Sydney Opera House, Australia, Cunoniaceae
Malay lac tree, (Schleichera oleosa), macassar oil tree, host of lac insect (Laccifer lacca), produces edible fat, used for hair oil, India, Sapindaceae
Sabadilla, (Schoenocaulon officinale), highly toxic alkaloids | Veratridine | Cevadine | in seeds, used as insecticide, Mexico, Australia, South America, Anacardiaceae
Rosy squill, (Scilla bifolia), small flowering plant, skyward-facing trusses of pale pink blooms, star patterns, grown in rock gardens, Asparagaceae
Scilla species, called squills, are often used as ornamental garden plants.
Portuguese squill, (Scilla peruviana), contains cardiac glycoside, proscillaridin, C30H42O8, herbal medicine, used to treat heart disorders, Asparagaceae
Bulrush, (Scirpus lacrustis), root eaten raw or cooked, dried and ground into a powder or made into a syrup, crisp sweet buds at the end of the rhizomes, Cyperaceae
Tall bulrush, (Scirpus validus), great bulrush, soft-stemmed bulrush, in wetlands, ornamental plant in ponds, South America, Cyperaceae
Bulrushes are grass-like plants of the sedge family, Cyperaceae, wind-pollinated and spread by a rhizome, hard stems or soft stems, live in muddy areas and swamps
and around ponds, small flowers with male flowers upper and female flowers lower below in the inflorescence shaped like a truncheon, act as water purifiers as
they filter and absorb poisonous metals, all parts edible, used for insulation and mats.
Flintwood, (Scolopia braunii), up to 25 m, red new growth, coastal rainforests, Australia, Salicaceae
Scolopia braunii, Flintwood, Daleys Fruit Trees
European scopolia, (Scopolia carniolica), henbane bell, dark violet flowers on long hanging stems, 60 cm, poisonous, root contains tropane alkaloids, e.g. | Atropine | source of | Scopoletin | and the former anaesthetic | Scopolamine | grows in southern Europe wet soils, Solanaceae.
Figwort, (Scrophularia nodosa), brownwort, common figwort, kernalwort, throatwort, perennial, on waste ground, square
succulent stems, herbal medicine, but cardioactive substances, supposed to cure scrofula. because of throat-shaped flowers!, Northern Hemisphere,
the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae
Figwort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Black salsify, (Scorzonera hispanica), Spanish salsify, black oyster plant, viper's grass, serpent root, long black taproot is nutritious root vegetable, scorzonera sweet, herbal medicine, Southern Europe, Asteraceae
Cutleaf viper grass, (Scorzonera laciniata), biennial herb, massive taproot, pasture weed, readily eaten by stock, Asteraceae
(Two other species also called "viper's grass".)
Baikal skullcap, (Scutellaria baicalensis), in leaves of medicinal herb Huang-chin, used to treat cancer, baicalin is the glucuronide of baicalein, China, Lamiaceae
Baikal Skullcap, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb is sold as root.
Chinese skullcap, (Scutellaria formosa), perennial, bush, up to 50 cm, purple flowers, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Skullcap, (Scutellaria galericulata), common skullcap, marsh skullcap, hooded skullcap, hardy, perennial herb, leaves contain
Baicalin, herbal medicine, herbal teas, sedative, Northern hemisphere, Lamiaceae
Blue skullcap, (Scutellaria lateriflora), mad dog skullcap, side-flowering skullcap, American skullcap, perennial, 40 cm, deciduous, wet habitats, herbal medicine, diuretic kidney tonic, temporary relief of nervous headaches, stress, insomnia, contains Baicalin, (C21H18O11), sedative, USA, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials and aerials powder.
Blue Skullcap, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Choko, (Sechium edule), choyote, chow chow, produces large number of green fruit and edible young shoots and leaves, strong climber, Cucurbitaceae.
Sechium edule, Choko, Daleys Fruit Trees
Wallpepper, (Sedum acre), goldmoss stonecrop, mossy stonecrop, perennial, groundcover, succulent leaves | Cadaverine | Lobelanidine | Nicotine | Pelletierine | Sedamine | soothing remedy and cuisine uses, Crassulaceae
Jelly beans, (Sedum pachyphyllum), erect with pale green cylindrical leaves, (houseplant), Crassulaceae
Donkey's tail, (Sedum morganianum), cascading growth of closely-packed grey-green succulent cylindrical overlapping leaves, (houseplant), Crassulaceae
Stonecrop, (Sedum spectabile), wall pepper, house leek, orpine, herbal medicine golden moss, ornamental, Crassulaceae
Christmas cheer, (Sedum X rubrotinctum), flushed red leaves, (houseplant), Crassulaceae
Dragonfruit, (Selenicereus undatus), pitahaya, night blooming cactus, white-fleshed pitahaya, strawberry pear, Honolulu queen, moonlight cactus, large vine, deciduous, fast growing, large flowers open at night, may need hand pollination,
easy to grow, yellow-ivory flowers, large oval pink or yellow fruit with smooth skin which peels easily, red or white pulp, many small seeds, used fresh, propagation from cuttings,
| Hordenine | ornamental vine, country of origin unknown, Central America, Cactaceae
See diagram Dragonfruit.
Selenicereus guatemalensis x undatus, Dragon Fruit - Purple Haze, Daleys Fruit Trees
Australian cashew nut, (Semecarpus australiensis), in rainforests near the sea, leaves have dark green veins on the upper surface, small cream fruits with outside seeds, in a pod attached to orange or red fleshy base, very irritating sap so handle fruit with care, roast seeds in the fire before consumption, tastes like Anacardium occidentale cashews, Australian native food, Anacardiaceae
Houseleek,(Sempervivum tectorum), sengreen, hen-and-chickens, herbal medicine, rock garden pot plant, Crassulaceae.
Houseleek, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Sempervervivum 'Chiche Chama', Houseleeks, (Latin sempervivum 'always / forever alive'), hen and chicks, Freddie prayer plant, needs moisture and higher humidity levels
Groundsel, (Senecio vulgaris), lobed leaves, small rayless heads, host for fungus causing black root rot in peas | Pyrrolizidine | Retronecine | Asteraceae
It can be difficult to tell invasive Senecio species apart from each other and even from some non-weedy, native Senecios, because their flower-heads look
very similar, while their leaf shapes vary strongly within the same species.
Fireweed,(Senecio madagascariensis), Madagascar ragwort, annual, up to 0.5 m, daisy-like herb, competes with pasture, toxic to
livestock, highly weed invasive in Australia South America, Japan and Hawai’i, southern Africa, Asteraceae
Tansy ragwort, (Senecio jacobaea) | Pyrrolizidine | stock poison, common wild flower, invasive, Eurasia, Asteraceae
Threadleaf groundsel, (Senecio longilobus), large yellow daisies, pyrrolizidine alkaloid stock poison, weed, North America, Asteraceae
Variegated wax ivy, (Senecio macroglossus), wax vine, cape ivy, small, succulent triangular leaves, like ivy, (houseplant), Asteraceae
Narrow-leafed ragwort, (Senecio inaequidens), has spread to Mexico and Europe.
German ivy, (Senecio mikaniodes), Cape ivy, leaves have 5-7 sharply-pointed lobes, lush foliage, (houseplant), South Africa, Asteraceae
Riddell groundsel, (Senecio riddelli), | Pyrrolizidine | stock poison, weed, USA, Asteraceae
String of pearls, (Senecio rowleyanus), pendant thread-like stems, pea-like leaves, resemble beads, (houseplant), Asteraceae
Catechou, (Senegalia catechu), catechu, kher, black cutch, source of extracts cutch and catechu, seed
extract red paan for chewing betel leaf, traditional medicine, | Catechin | Asia, Fabaceae.
Cha-om, (Senegalia pennata, subsp. insauvis), Prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Fabaceae.
Senna, (Senna alexandrina), Alexandrian senna, true senna, Indian senna, Egyptian senna, "senna" tea, herbal remedy, senna leaves and senna pods for treatment of
constipation, congestion of the colon, senna glycosides, (the sennosides A and B), irritate lining of the bowel causing increased intestinal muscle contractions
leading to vigorous bowel movement, commercial cultivation, ornamental, Egypt, India, Fabaceae.
Dried herb is sold as leaves and as seed pods.
See diagram: (Senna alexandrina), (Photo by Lalithamba).
See diagram: Sennosides molecule.
Candle bush, (Senna alata), seven golden candlesticks, emperor's candlesticks, ringworm bush, guajava, ornate yellow candle-like
inflorescence blooms through most of the year, brown-black seed pods with two broad wings called senna pods | Anthraqinone | Sennosides | Dianthrone | O-glycosides | Chrysophanic acid | Saponins | herbal remedy, used to treat ringworm, stimulating laxative,
ornamental, weed, Mexico, Fabaceae.
Rainforest cassia, (Senna acclinis), brush senna, native cassia, up to 3 m, bright golden yellow flowers, Australia, Fabaceae.
Climbing cassia, (Senna gaudichaudiana), Gaudichaud's senna, up to 4 m, Australia, Hawaii, Fabaceae.
Hairy senna, (Senna hirsuta), sicklepod, shower senna, stinking cassia, woolly senna, single or multi-stemmed, becomes woody with age, pinnate leaves
with hairy leaflets, ribbed leaf stalks with prominent conical gland at base, yellow flowers, hairy cylindrical pods, invasive weed tropical Americas, Fabaceae
Algarrobilla, (Senna sophora), yellow flowers, root bark folk medicine, Australia, Bangladesh, Fabaceae.
Saw palmetto, (Serenoa repens), up to 3 m, leaves up to 2 m, yellow-white, fruit red-black drupe | Fatty acids | Phytosterols | flowers, palm, native American
food and medicine, prostate gland, anti-inflammatory, used to treat PBH, (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), other urinary problems, may affect testosterone
levels, coastal South Atlantic, USA and Gulf, Arecaceae
Dried herb is sold as crushed berries or crushed berries powder.
Sesame, (Sesamum indicum), annual, up to 100 cm, lanceolate leaves, yellow tubular flowers with mouth in four lobes,
ancient oilseed, ovate seeds 4 mm x 2 mm, in sesame seed buns, snacks | Agmatine | Citrulline | Gentisic acid | Pedalitin | Sesamin | Sesamol | Sesamolinol | Sesamose | some infants are allergic to it, recently, October 2021, \
a teen-aged English girl ate a salad sandwich purchased in an aeroplane, went into convulsions and died, because the sandwich contained sesame seeds,
Pedaliaceae.
West Indian pea tree, (Sesbania grandiflora), humming bird tree, fast growing, short lived, white or red flowers have taste
of mushroom, stem of pistil has bitter flavour, stir fried or lightly steamed, Fabaceae
Red sesbania, (Sesbania punica), herbal medicine, Queensland not present prohibited invasive plant, Fabaceae
Sea purslane, (Sesuvium portulacastrum), coastal plant, withstands wind and salt spray, smooth, fleshy linear leaves, 5 petals, pink flowers to 10 mm, black seeds in seed capsules, salty taste, raw leaves used as garnish, folk medicine, antibacterial, anticandidal, antifungal.
| Ecdysterone | pioneer species on beaches, used for sand dune restoration, Aizoaceae
Sea Purslane Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Sea Purslane Tucker Bush.
Fan-leafed pit pit, (Setaria palmifolia), palm grass, 1 metre, hardy perennial grass, tolerates light frost, thick base, culinary uses, eaten raw and cooked, stir-fries Poaceae
Setaria palmifolia, Pitpit, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Foxtail millet, (Setaria italica), dwarf setaria, widely planted millet in East Asia, Poaceae
Setaria italica, NSW
South African pigeon grass, (Setaria sphacelata), African bristlegrass, globally cultivated pasture grass for cattle, sheep and goat, not horses, good for cut pasture, rhizomatous perennial grass, up to 2 m, seedlings can achieve a complete cover and dominate other grasses, environmental weed in Australia. Poaceae
Purple queen, (Setcreasea purpurea), trailing herb, thick succulent purple stems, up to 35 cm, small pinks flowers with two purple bracts, watery mucilage
cause itchiness, popular home potted plant, Commelinaceae
Five-flavour berry, (Schisandra chinensis), Chinese mock-barberry, Chinese we wei zi, woody vine, Chinese magnolia-vine,
may be single sex or both sexes, red berries in dense clusters called magnolia berry, used for juices wines sweets, (five-flavour-fruit Chinese wǔwèizi),
has all the five flavours, sweet, sour salty, bitter and pungent, Chinese herbal medicine to treat liver, kidney and skin ailments, relaxing tonic, sexual function,
immune responses, Schisandraceae
Dried herb is sold as berries.
St. Paul's wort, (Siegesbeckia orientalis), common St Paul's wort, Indian weed, hardy plant, up to 1 metre, herbal medicine, stomach tonic, anti-rheumatic, skin diseases, cuts, burns, made as a tincture gives a protective covering like a second skin on cuts, Asteraceae
Red alpine catchfly, (Silene suecica), alpine catchfly, (indicates high copper content in soil), Norway, Caryophyllaceae
St Mary's thistle, (Silybum marianum), milk thistle, blessed milk thistle, variegated thistle, stock poison, weed, white markings supposed to be from milk from Our Lady's breast, salads, herbal medicine, may lower the blood glucose level, affect how other herbs are used by the liver's "cytochrome P450" enzyme system, and may slow calcium metabolism, protect liver from excess alcohol consumption, China, Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as whole seed or dried fruit and seed powder.
Jojoba, (Simmondsia chinensis), goat nut, deer nut, coffeeberry, grown commercially to extract jojoba oil, evergreen slow-growing shrub, up 3 m, tough blue-green leaves with upward point, yellowish-green flowers on female bush or male and female flowers one one bush, edible nut tastes like hazelnut, seed oil includes | Sitosterol | 24-methylcholesterol | Isofucosterol | Stigmasterol| used for skin care, jojoba meal contains | Simmondsin | which may suppress appetite, grows in rocky sandy soil, native American folk medicine, USA. Mexico, (not China), monotypic species of Simmondsiaceae
Sinapsis alba mustard.
Hedge mustard, (Sisymbrium officiale L.), annual or biennial herb, up to 90 cm, erect, scabrous with reflexed hairs, basal leaves up to 10 cm long with 3–5 pairs of
toothed lobes, inflorescence without bracts, yellow petals conical siliqua, herbal medicine, widespread weed, Europe, West Asia, North Africa, Brassicaceae
Blush alder, (Sloanea australis), maiden's blush, blush carabeen, timber tree, Australia, Elaeocarpaceae
Yellow carabeen, (Sloanea woollsii), up to 55 m, plank buttresses, Australia, Elaeocarpaceae
Yacón, (Smallanthus sonchifolius), apple of the earth, yacón, yacon, Peruvian ground apple, perennial, daisy-like, sweet tuberous roots | Inulin | Colombia, Asteraceae
See diagram: Smallanthus sonchifolius.
Yacon, Daley's Fruit Trees
"Sarsaparilla", (Smilax ornata), Jamaican sarsaparilla, perennial, trailing vine, in sarsaparilla and root beer | Smilogenin | herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, Mexico, Central America, Smilacaceae
Dried herb sold as root powder.
Sarsaparilla, (Smilax officinalis), true sarsaparilla, Jamaican sarsaparilla, in tonic and soft drink, licorice-like flavour, Smilacaceae
Sarsaparilla, (Smilax aristolochiifolia), Mexican sarsaparilla, gray sarsaparilla | Parillin | Sarsaparilloside | Glycyphyllin | Sarsasapogenin | Smilacaceae
Dried herb is sold as root.
Common smilax, (Smilax aspera), rough bindweed, Spanish sarsaparilla, Mediterranean smilax | Yamogenin |
Lawyer vine, (Smilax australis), austral sarsaparilla, barbwire vine, "wait-a-while", thorny climber, edible globular black fruit, Australian native food. woody stems used as fire sticks to ignite a fire, Australia, Smilacaceae
Sweet sarsaparilla, (Smilax glyciphylla), sweet tea, native sarsaparilla, "Botany Bay tea", dioecious climber, coastal rainforest, three-veined leaves, coiling tendrils, small flowers, black globose berries with one seed, leaves used as antiscorbutic to cure scurvy | Glyciphyllin glycoside | herbal medicine, tea substitute, sold as sarsaparilla-flavoured drink, Australian native food, Smilacaceae
Honduras sarsaparilla, (Smilax regelii), "sarsaparilla", (sarsaparilla soft drink and root beer), herbal medicine | Sarsasapogenin | Parigenin | Smilacaceae
Roundleaf greenbrier, (Smilax rotundifolia), common greenbrier, cat brier, woody vine, herbal medicine, Smilacaceae
Alexanders, (Smyrnium olusatrum), horse parsley, soups and salads, herbal medicine, ornamental, Apiaceae
See diagram Alexanders
Tomato plant, (Solanum lycopersicum), annual, light to dark green foliage | toxic alkaloid | Tomatidine C27H45NO2 | in roots and leaves and fruits, insecticide | grown as summer crop to year-round in sub-tropical/tropical areas, use well-drained moist soil enriched with plenty of organic matter, in full sun, but protected from winds, small yellow flowers, soft hairy stems, berry fruit usually red.
In 1753, Carl Linnaeus gave the name (Solanum lycopersicum) to the tomato, which takes precedence over the later name (Lycopersicum esculentum).
Tomatoes eaten raw in salads and sandwiches, cooked in pastas, soups, stir-fries and paste or chutney.
Tomatoes are a savoury vegetable, with juice sold separately, and fruit powder sold as flavouring and thickening agent, and edible oil is obtained from the seed.
Determinate varieties, 'bush tomatoes', 50 cm to 1 m tall, grown in pots so no staking, shorter harvest times than indeterminates, die after fruiting, stagger planting through growing season for continuous production.
Indeterminate varieties, ‘vining’ tomatoes, limb up to 2.5 m so need staking, continual harvest during growing season, so pick often for more flowers and fruit.
Plant the first seedling deeper than normal, then remove the first set of leaves and for a planting depth guide.
For indeterminate varieties, insert stakes or a trellis for support as they grow and tie the plants loosely to the stakes with soft garden ties.
Remove lateral shoots, or side shoots between the main stem and branches, to encourage plants to grow vertically.
Add water regularly in the early morning around the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage.
9.12 ToBRFV, New tomato virus, 19/02/2020
Control these diseases with choice of resistant varieties, crop rotation and burning of infected plants.
13.4.7 Tomato sauce, ketchup, catsup
| 9.1.12 Parenchyma cells of tomato
| 9.1.6 Flower and fruit formation of tomato
Dried herb sold as fruit powder.
Cherry tomato, botanical variety of the cultivated berry, Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme.
Ajanhuiri, (Solanum ajanhuiri), diploid, more frost hardy than common potato, grows high in Andes mountains, bitter tubers can be cooked for food, Solanaceae
American black nightshade, (Solanum americanum), black nightshade, common nightshade, blackberry nightshade, wild currants, (cyanide and oxalic acid so
must cook, green berries poisonous), bitter sweet, toxic alkaloids, berry fruit, hazardous plant, green fruit poisonous | Chaconine | Solanidine | Solanine | Solasodine | herbal medicine, Solanaceae
Berthaults potato, (Solanum berthaultiii) | Farnesene | Isobutryric acid | said to resist the potato blight Phytophthora infestans, Bolivia, Solanaceae
Tamarillo, (Solanum betaceum), tree tomato, up to 5 m, evergreen, fast growing, short-lived plant, susceptible to nematodes, pink-white
flowers, tomato-like egg-shaped yellow to red fruit, used fresh, cooked, propagation from seeds, subtropical to tropical, Peru, Solanaceae
See diagram Tree tomato.
Solanum betaceum, Tamarillo, Daleys Fruit Trees
Cockroach berry, (Solanum capsicoides), hazardous plant with spines and sharp hairs | Solanine | widely introduced invasive, Brazil, Solanaceae
Pepino berry, (Solanum caripense), Tzimbalo, similar to Pepino berry, (Solanum muricatum), Solanaceae
Solanam caripense, Pepino berry, Daleys Fruit Trees
Desert raisin, (Solanum centrale), bush raisin, bush sultana, akadjura, kutjera, now most popular "bush tomato", small, arid-zone shrub whose ripe fruits have a savoury robust flavour similar to sun-dried tomatoes, most often dried and ground into a spice for use in casseroles, curries and salsas, Australian native food, Solanaceae
Wild potato, (Solanum chacoense) | Chaconine | Demissine | most widely distributed wild potato, South America, Solanaceae
Rucki, (Solanum curtilobum), (hybrid S. juzepczuki X S, tuberosum), papa rucki, short nightshade, pentapolyploid | Demissine | Peru, Bolivia, Solanaceae
Bush tomato, (Solanum diversifolium), male flowers and bisexual flowers on same plant, important Australian native food in western deserts, Solanaceae
Silverleaf nightshade, (Solanum elaeagnifolium), silver-leaf bitter-apple, satansbos, deep-rooted summer growing perennial plant, invasive, seriously reduces crop and pasture production, Americas, Solanaceae
Potato bush, (Solanum ellipticum), potato weed, ripe fruit have pungent smell, "bush tomato", Australian native food, Solanaceae
Flannel bush, (Solanum lasiophyllum), up to 2 m, purple-violet flowers, native Australian medicinal plant, rocky outcrops, Solanaceae
Devil's apple, (Solanum linnaeanum), apple of Sodom | Solasonine | invasive, South Africa, Solanaceae
Eggplant, (Solanum melongena), Solanaceae
Eggplant, aubergine, brinjal, annual or perennial herb, up to 1.5 m tall, cultivated for its large edible fruit, original types resembled goose eggs, ovate leaves to 20cm long and 10 cm wide, inflorescence a single, large, hermaphrodite flower below a few smaller, male flowers which may be lacking, globose oblong dark shining purple berry 10–20 cm long, pale flesh, many seeds, widely cultivated | Calystegin B2 C7H13NO4 | Lubimin C15H24O2 | Solasonine C27H43NO2 |
Solanaceae
Eggplant fruit can be picked starting from 14 weeks after sowing.
To harvest, cut fruit stalks with secateurs, leaving 2 cm of stem on the fruit.
Harvest regularly when fruit skin is smooth to promote further flowering and fruiting.
The 'Green Eggplant' variety of eggplant is green and often speckled with white patches, with a milder and sweeter flavour, original types resembled goose eggs.
USA variety 'Louisiana Long Green', grown as short-lived perennial or biennial in subtropical areas.
It is non-bitter, up to 20 cm long abundant green fruit to be picked early before seed set and if they go yellow, grown in subtropical areas. India, Solanaceae
Udder plant, (Solanum mammosum), perennial, up to 1 metre, yellow fruit shaped like cow's udder, herbal medicine, Solanaceae
Pepino, (Solanum muricatum), pepino berry, pepino melon, pepino, melon pear, tree melon, Solanaceae
Black nightshade, (Solanum nigrum), European black nightshade, blackberry nightshade, soft wooded herb, up to 60, weed growing in gardens or waste areas, small, star-shaped white flowers clustered together in groups of 4 to 8 alternate leaves, fruit grows in bunches, green globular berries ripening black, soft fruit contain numerous small seeds, entire plant toxic but ripe berries may be harmless, ingested green berries cause headache and mild stomach upset. toxic to livestock, folk medicine, Solanaceae
Currant tomato, (Solanum pimpinettifolium), pimp, cherry tomato, wild species, resistant to bacterial and salinity stress experienced by popular cultivated tomatoes but fruit yield, shape, and size are highly compromised, used for genetic experiments, Peru, Ecuador, Solanaceae
Grosse Lisse tomato, Bunnings
Marmande tomato, Daleys Fruit Trees
Santorine tomato, Daleys Fruit Trees
Naranjilla, (Solanum quitoense), medium shrub, hairy, green inside, used for juice, seedlings susceptible to root knot nematodes, Ecuador, Colombia, Solanaceae
Cocona, (Solanum sessiliflorum), tropical shrub, large herbaceous plant, evergreen, fast growing, fruit, small to medium ovoid, orange, subacid to sour pulp, many small seeds preserves, jelly, cooking, propagation from seeds, South America, Solanaceae
Tanami apple, (Solanum succosum), ngaru, up to 1.5 m, golf-ball sized fruit hang from the bush on spiny stems, ripe fruit contains black bitter seeds tasting like melo Australian native food, Solanaceae
Turkey berry, (Solanum torvum), devil's fig, nightshade, small short-lived tree, unless grafted shrub, root stock for eggplant, because resistant to nematodes, small intensely bitter, green marble-sized fruit in Thai curries | Solasonine | Solanaceae
Potato, (Solanum tuberosum), Irish potato, vegetable, vegetative reproduction by tuber | Calystegin | Carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate | Chaconine | Coumaric acid | Delphinidin | Lubimin | Phytuberin | Plastocyanin | Propane-1-thiol | Propane-2-thiol
| Rishitin | Solanine | Solavetivone | Starch | Tryptamine | Tuberonic acid |.
poisonous leaves and stems, green tubers and sprouts, Solanaceae.
Solanum tuberosum, Potato, Daleys Fruit tree Nursery
The glycoalkaloids in potatoes are | Solanine | Chaconine | which give flavour at low concentrations, but cause bitterness and are toxic to humans at high concentrations.
Potatoes should be stored in cool dark places, because as potato peel becomes greener the concentration of solanine increases,
with upper safety limit for glycoalkaloid content is 20 mg per 100 g of potato, but concentrations are much greater in the potato peel.
In Australia, species called "bush tomatoes" are edible and include (Solanum esuriale), (Solanum centrale), (Solanum ellipticum) and (Solanum cleistogamum).
The edible (Solanum coactiliferum) is edible only after removal of the skin.
Kangaroo apple is a common name for two almost identical species, with deeply-lobed leaves having a shape like a kangaroo foot-print.
Kangaroo apple 1, (Solanum aviculare), large kangaroo apple, pam plum, poroporo, New Zealand nightshade, soft wooded shrub, bush tomato. fruit must be ripe before it is consumed, outer skin may blister the mouth | Solasonine | Australian native food, folk medicine, Solanaceae
Kangaroo apple 2, (Solanum laciniatum), bush tomato, fast-growing shrub, up to 2 m, deeply=lobed green leaves, brilliant purple-blue flowers with prominent yellow stamens, young foliage contains steroids for manufacture of contraceptives, decorative egg-shaped fruit turn from green to yellow to orange as they ripen, fruit eaten only when ripe, easily grown home screen plant, Solanaceae
Kangaroo apple Speciality Produce
Golden rod, (Solidago canadensis), Canada goldenrod, perennial, deciduous, up to 1 metre, bright yellow flowers | Linalool | herbal medicine, chew flowers for sore throat, invasive stolons, North America, Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as root.
Golden Rod, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Sweet goldenrod, (Solidago odora), fragrant goldenrod, perennial, up to 1 metre, leaves deeper green smelling of anise when
crushed, yellow flowers are in one-sided spreading raceme, herbal medicine, stimulant "Blue Mountain Tea", North America, Asteraceae
European goldenrod, (Solidago virgaurea), woundwort, golden rod sorrel, perennial herb, up to 100 cm, woody rhizome, many flower heads at top of stem, herbal medicine, astringent, diuretic, catarrh, kidney stones, garden herb, Hungary, Asteraceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Bindii weed, (Soliva sesselis), field burweed, ferny-leafed, pleasant green ground cover foliage should be removed before they produce brown sharp-needled seeds, South America, Asteraceae
Common sowthistle, (Sonchus oleraceus), [it is not a thistle, e.g. spiniest thistle, (Cirsium spinosissimum)!], hare's lettuce, edible young leaves, herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Shrubby sophora, (Sophora flavescens), kuhseng, necklace pod, toxic root, 17 known alkaloids including: | Oxymatrine | Matrine | Chinese herbal medicine, Fabaceae
Brush sophora, (Sophora fraseri), scrub sophora, up to 2m, yellow flowers, plumb seeds and pods like string of beans, Australia, Fabaceae
Scholar tree, (Sophora japonica), pagoda tree, attractive conical tree, white flowers, dark brown timber, Japan, Fabaceae
Kowhai, (Sophora microphylla), evergreen tree, yellow flowers hang down, nectar toxic to honeybees, national flower of New Zealand, Fabaceae
Texas mountain laurel, (Sophora secundiflora), mescal bean, kuhseng, popular ornamental, cytisine alkaloid, Fabaceae
Necklace pod, (Sophora tomentosa), inedible seedpods, 15 cm long, fish poison, Australia, Fabaceae
Rowan, (Sorbus aucuparia), common rowan, mountain ash, the original "rowan", mountain-ash, very useful tree, bitter fruit, planted in parks, herbal medicine, Rosaceae
Sorbus species are called rowans or mountain-ash trees, Rosaceae
Sorbus americana, American mountain ash, Rosaceae
Sorbus ana, common whitebeam, Rosaceae
Sorbus aucuparia, rowan, European mountain ash, wiggentree, witchen, white beam, service tree, England, Rosaceae
Sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor), grain sorghum, forage sorghum, great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra jowar, milo,
(the cultivated species of sorghum ) | Dhurrin | low severity poison, invasive environmental weed, crop grass native to Africa, Poaceae
Sorghum, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
Columbus grass, (Sorghum almum), crooble, good pioneer species, drought and salt tolerant. short lived, Poaceae
Johnson grass, (Sorghum halapense), stock feed, Poaceae
Sudan grass, (Sorghum sudanense), stock feed, Poaceae
African hemp, (Sparrmannia africana), large pale green downy leaves, clusters of white flowers, purple stamens, (houseplant), Malvaceae
Broom, (Spartium junceum), broomseed oil, (Genet absolute), weaver's broom, genista, genet, caprillic acid, phenols, yellow dye | Sparteine | Fabaceae
Pearl lily, (Spathiphyllum wallsii), spathe flower, white sails, lance-shaped leaves from rhizome, flowers like lily, houseplant, can live in shade, raphides, Araceae
Spathiphyllum is a genus of about 47 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants, in the family Araceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas and southeastern Asia.
Certain species of Spathiphyllum are commonly known as spath or peace lilies.
They are evergreen herbaceous perennial plants with large leaves 12–65 cm long and 3–25 cm broad.
The flowers are produced in a spadix, surrounded by a 10–30 cm long, white, yellowish, or greenish spathe.
The plant does not need large amounts of light or water to survive.
Spathiphyllum sp., Daleys Fruit Trees
African tulip tree, (Spathodea campanulata), tulip tree, fountain tree, flame of the forest, fire tree, ornamental tree, Queensland restricted invasive plant, Bignoniaceae
Purple ground orchid, (Spathoglottis plicata), up to 50 cm, Australia, Orchidaceae
Spinach, (Spinacea oleracea), English spinach, annual, up to 30 cm, simple alternate leaves used as leaf vegetable, raphides,
good source of vitamins and minerals, but high level of | Oxalates | iron content estimated as 2.71 milligrams per 100 grams and does not make iron
unavailable cans of spinach made popular by cartoon character 'Popeye the Sailor Man', China, Amaranthaceae.
Dried herb is sold as leaf powder.
Spinach, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Rolling spinifex, (Spinifex sericeus), hairy spinifex, beach spinifex, coastal spinifex, perennial grass, coastal sand dunes,
children like to chase its big brown rolling seed head which looks like a big spider, .Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Poaceae
Spinifex is found only in sandy habitats along coastal beaches, not in inland desert regions.
Ambarella, (Spondias cytherea), June plum, hog plum, golden apple, Otaheite apple, large tree, fruit, large, yellow sweet pulp,
large spiny stone, used fresh, preserves jelly, deciduous, fast growing, air-layering, large cuttings, South Pacific, Anacardiaceae
Yellow mombin, (Spondias mombin), hog plum, medium tree, deciduous, fruit, small, yellow, subacid, large seed contains oil, thick skin, thick pulp, used fresh
or cooked, jelly, propagation from seeds, cuttings, Mexico, Anacardiaceae
Red mombin, (Spondias purpurea), purple mombin, medium tree, small, red, subacid, used fresh, cooked, jelly, deciduous seeds, cuttings Tropical America, Anacardiaceae
Imbu, (Spondias tuberosa), Brazil plum, small tree, deciduous, slow growing, fruit, yellow-red, small, sweet, round, thick rind, used fresh, cooked, propagation
from seeds, cuttings, Brazil, Anacardiaceae
Genus names S, (Stachys to Syzygium)
Contents
Chinese artichoke, (Stachys affinis), Japanese artichoke, artichoke betony, crosnes, wood betony, clown's woundwort, woundwort, herbaceous perennial
sprawling plant with rough, light green leaves, attractive tubers like pearly seashells, hardy plant, up to 50 cm, hardy plant, deciduous, delicate nutty
flavour, Lamiaceae
Lamb's ears, (Stachys byzantina), woolly hedge nettle, lamb's tongues, perennial, hardy plant, up to 20 cm, ornamental, attractive border plant, grey furry
felt-like leaves fun to touch, herbal medicine, attractive border plant, Lamiaceae
Dried herb is sold as aerial parts.
Betony, (Stachys officinalis), purple betony, wood betony, bishop's wort, common hedgenettle, perennial up to 60 cm, groundcover, herbal medicine,
sedative, Lamiaceae
Betony, Mudbrick Cottage
All heal, (Stachys palustris), marsh woundwort, hedge-nettle, edible roots, herbal medicine, bruised leaves wound covering, persistent horizontal tuber, weed, Europe, Asia, Lamiaceae
Wood betony, (Stachys sylvatica), hedge woundwort, hedge nettle, to 80 cm, purple flower, crushed leaves have, unpleasant smell, herbal medicine, used to treat wounds, sedative, Lamiaceae
Gum benjamin tree, (Styrax benzoin), benzoin tree, kemenyan, loban, oncycha, Sumatra benzoin tree, benzoin incense tree, styrax
incense tree, to 20 m, hairy oval leaves, fleshy green-yellow flowers, benzoin gum resin called "benzoin Sumatra" from tapped bark,
| Benzoic acid | Cinnamic acid | E210 | Vanillin | herbal medicine, in "Friar's Balsam", "Pastilles de Serail", skin disorders, chest infections, allergic reactions, incense, ornamental, shade tree, Sumatra
Styrax species, balsamic benzoic resin from bark, these trees do not contain the ketone benzoin, but contain benzoic acid.
Styrax officinalis, produces storax sweet-smelling gum resin, Styracaceae
Styrax paralleloneurus, harninlon toba, (Indonesian), Sumatra benzoin, Styracaceae
Styrax tonkinensis, produces "Benzoin Siam" contains benzoic acid, Styracaceae
Common snakeweed, (Stachytarpheta indica), porter weed, herbal remedy, Verbenaceae
Carrion flower, (Stapelia grandiflora), aasblom, African starfish flower, large starfish-shaped patterned flower, carrion smell, attracts pollinating flies, greenhouse plant, South Africa, Apocynaceae
Starfish flower, (Stapelia variegata), clump-forming succulent, angular fleshy green stem star-shaped flowers, (houseplant), Apocynaceae
Kepel apple, (Stelechocarpus bura), kepel, fruit, ornamental, oral deodorant, Indonesia, Annonaceae
Chickweed, (Stellaria media), starwort, perennial, hardy plant, a, groundcover, indicates moist fertile soils, highly nutritious, mild pleasant flavour high content of |Oxalic acid | herbal medicine, herbal tea to treat hot inflamed skin that needs bathing, culinary uses, edible leaves used in salads, soups, on pizzas, used in compost, animal feed, Caryophyllaceae.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Firewheel tree, (Stenocarpus sinuatus), wheel of fire, up to 40 m, widely planted ornamental, Australian native species, 8 M, Australia, Proteaceae
Scrub beefwood, (Stenocarpus salignis), up to 30 m, rainforest, Australia, Proteaceae
Mexican organ pipe, (Stenocereus griseus), pitayo de mayo, pitaya fruit, tall cactus, toxic sap used to kill fish, Mexico, Cactaceae
St. Augustine grass, (Stenotaphrum secundatum), Charleston grass, buffalo turf, (not "buffalo grass"), tropical lawn grass, pasture grass, North America, Poaceae
Jin qian, (Stephania cepharantha), herbaceous, perennial climbing vine, stems up to 2 metres long from a 20 cm wide tuberous rootstock, fruit rotund red drupe 6.5 mm
diameter, | Cepharanthine | root extract herbal medicine, Menispermaceae
Stephania kwangsiensis, perennial deciduous herbaceous vine, mountain shrub in limestone areas, root tuber extract is common Chinese
herbal medicine | Rotundine | analgesic. sedative, antipyretic effects | Palmatine | Corydine | Sinoacutine | China, Menispermaceae
Han fang ji, (Stephania tetrandra), Chinese medicine, China, Menispermaceae
Common wax plant, (Stephanotis floribunda), hoya, Madagascar jasmine, waxflower, Madagascar chaplet flower, bridal wear, glossy, oval leaves, very fragrant star-shaped tubular white flowers, shining white trumpet-shaped flowers, hyacinth fragrance, vigorous climber, subfamily Asclepiadoideae,
Apocynaceae, (formerly Asclepiadaceae).
Peanut tree, (Sterculia quadrifida), green-yellow flowers, orange seed pods, edible black seeds like raw peanuts, Australian native food, Malvaceae
Produces a beautiful fruit that tastes a lot like peanuts and contains very good oils, but the tree is so tall that it is hard to harvest.
Experiment with growing the tree on trellises and other frameworks, bringing the fruit within reach.
Sterculia quadrifida, Daleys Fruit Trees
Sterculia quadrifida, Tucker Bush
Sterculia gum, (Sterculia urens), Indian tragacanth, ghost tree, damaged bark exudes karaya gum, used as laxative, ice cream thickener, India, Malvaceae
Family Sterculiaceae, cacao family
Sterculiaceae, formerly the Cacao family, based on Sterculia species, but genera are now placed in the family Malvaceae
Stevia, (Stevia rebaudiana), sweetleaf, sugar herb, sugar leaf, bertoni candyleaf, perennial, up to 60 cm, if fresh sweetness then aniseed-like flavour but not if dried, best grown in sun, protected from frost, moist, well-drained soil, culinary uses of leaves fresh or dried, natural sweetening properties times sweeter than sugar, said to be the only natural sweetener with zero calories and zero glycaemic index, use in drinks, baking, thistle flower heads in salads or herbal tea herbal medicine, low sugar food alternative, glucoside extract is 300 times sweeter than sugar, trade name, "Rebiana", Paraguay, Brazil, Asteraceae
See diagram: Stevia.
Steviocide, (steviol diterpene from Stevia rebaudiana + glucose --> steviocide sweetener), 250 to 300, e.g. "Stevia". CSR Smart label.
a "pinch" of Stevia added to cane sugar for the "Smart 50% less calories" white sugar blend, India, Paraguay, Asteraceae
"CSR Smart white sugar blend, 50% less calories, twice as sweet so you use half as much cane sugar with a pinch of Stevia, 99.6% sugar
with a hint of Stevia, same level of sugar sweetener at half the amount.
Half a teaspoon, (2 g), CSR SMART White Sugar Blend, 8 calories, (34 Kj), One teaspoon, (4 g), sugar 16 calories, (6 Kj).
Dried herb is sold as leaves and as leaf powder.
Stevia rebaudiana, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Stevia rebaudiana, Daleys Fruit Trees
Silky camelia, (Stewartia malocodendron), upright shrub, rose-like white flowers, North America, Theaceae
Esparto grass, (Stipa tenacissima), halfah grass, perennial grass, northwestern Africa, esparto fibre used to make baskets, Poaceae
Whalebone tree, (Streblus brunonianus), up to 30 m, rainforest, Australia, Moraceae
Bird of paradise flower, (Strelitzia reginae), ornamental, spectacular orange petals from a beak-like bud, South Africa, bird of paradise flower family, Strelitziaceae
See diagram: Strelitzia reginae flower
African violet, (Streptocarpus ionanthus), Usambara violet, evergreen tropical perennial herb, up to 15 cm, rosette of fuzzy leaves, long petioles, anthocyanin pigments in flowers, many cultivars, (houseplant), Tanzania, Gesneriaceae
4.3.1, Grow African violet with in vitro culture
4.3.2, Grow African violet from pieces of leaf
Cape ivy, (Streptocarpus saxorum), cape primrose, whorls of small, oval, hairy leaves, lilac flowers, Gesneriaceae
Streptocarpus hybrids, long, stemless, strap-shaped leaves, trumpet-shaped flowers, (household), irritating leaf sap, Gesneriaceae
Orange marmalade bush, (Streptosolen jamesonii), perennial shrub, bright orange flowers, Solanaceae
Witchweed, (Striga species), small, parasitic herbs, major pests of grain crops in Africa, native to semi-arid and tropical Africa, invasive, recorded in more than 40 countries, Orobanchaceae
Water soldier, (Stratiotes aloides), crab's claw, water aloe, common water soldier, in peaty oxbow lakes, ponds, ditches, reed zones of rivers, may completely cover the water surface, herbal medicine, Hydrocharitaceae
Pokok pecah, (Strobilanthes crispa), beling, used for its anticancer, diuretic and antidiabetic properties, Madagascar, Acanthaceae
Never never plant, (Stromanthe amiabilis), pale green large cross-banded each side of midrib, (houseplant), Marantaceae
Triostar somenthe, (Stromanthe sanguinea), glossy, lance-shaped leaves, conspicuous scarlet bracts around small white flowers, (houseplant), Marantaceae
Jade vine, (Strongylodon macrobotrys), strongylodon, bayabak, woody climber, grape-like bunches of jade green and turquoise blue flowers look artificial, tropical regions, Philippines, Fabaceae
Strongylodon macrobotrys, Jade vine, Daleys Fruit Trees
Climbing oleander, (Strophanthus gratus),
lianes | Acolongifloroside K | Ouabain C | extracted from seeds, arrow poison, source of cortisone, K-strophanthin, G-strophanthin glucosides, East Africa Apocynaceae
Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica), curare, poisonous, bitter | Brucine | Cantleyine | Loganin | Strychnine | not recommended for use as herbal medicine, India, Southeast Asia, Loganiaceae
Grass trigger plant, (Stylidium graminifolium), Australia, Poaceae
Common stylo, (Stylosanthes guianensis var. guianensis), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Caribbean stylo, (Stylosanthes hamata), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Fine stem stylo, (Stylosanthes, hippocampoides), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Townsville stylo, (Stylosanthes humilis), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Shrubby stylo, (Stylosanthes scabra), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Caatinga stylo, (Stylosanthes seebrana), tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Red five corners, (Styphelia tubiflora), eastern Australia, Ericaceae
Seablight, (Suaeda australis), austral seablight, ('redweed' salinity indicator), semi-succulent shrub, up to 50 cm, purple-red fleshy tips of leaves eaten raw as vegetable, if cooked tastes like asparagus, young shoots can be pickled, salt marsh plant, Australian native food, Australia, Amaranthaceae
Suaeda australis, Tucker Bush
Sturt's desert pea, (Swainsona formosa), Darling pea, state floral emblem for South Australia, stock poison, weed, swainsonine-N-oxide, swainsonine alkaloid, Fabaceae
Darling pea, (Swainsona galegifolia), smooth Darling pea, long-lives perennial shrub, long flowering season, up to 1 m, Australia, Fabaceae
Dwarf Darling pea, (Swainsona luteola), prostrate, purple corolla, up to 50 cm, Australia, Fabaceae
Swertia, (Swertia chirata), Indian gentian, chitretta, blue flowers | Amarogentin | bitter herb, Ayurvedic medicine, used to treat fever, Gentianaceae
Star swertia, (Swertia perennis), felwort, wetlands, blue-violet corolla, northern hemisphere, Gentianaceae
Swertia purpurascens, herbal medicine | Xanthones | skin disorders, anti-inflammatory, northern India, Gentianaceae
Some plants in family Gentianaceae are called felworts (old English: field herb)
American mahogany, (Swietenia mahagoni), mahogany tree, West Indian mahogany, mahogany, tropical hardwood, timber tree, up to 50 m, 2 m diameter, bole up to 40 m, mahogany was exported to Europe in the early 18th century, planted 1858 Brisbane City Botanic Gardens, used to make decorative high-quality original and reproduction cabinets and chairs, panelling, West Indies, Meliaceae
Ouricury palm, (Syagrus coronata), licuri palm, aricuri palm, long lived, adherent leaf bases form spiral up trunk, Brazil, Arecaceae
Comfrey, (Symphytum officinale), true comfrey, common comfrey, up to 1 metre, hardy plant, leaves over 30% protein mulch, compost, liquid fertilizer, animal food, poultry food, culinary uses, eaten raw and cooked, Vitamin B12, cyanocobalamin, (C63H88CON14O14P), rich in potash and nitrogen, herbal medicine, leaves and roots ointment, poultices, useful culinary herb, but stock poison
| Allantoin | Retronecine | Echimidine | Heliosupine | Lasiocarpine | Lithospermic acid | Rosmarinic Acid | Symphytine | folk medicine, suitable for herbal infusion,
but roots contain toxic | Pyrrolizidine | , alkaloids, may cause liver damage, Boraginaceae.
Dried herb is sold as comfrey leaf, and comfrey root powder.
| Symphytum x uplandicum">Comfrey, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Comfrey is a strong plant with very deep roots that mine minerals from the lower layers of the soil.
A fertilizer can be made from using chopped leaves steeped in water for 3-6 weeks, called "comfrey tea".
Symphytum officinale, Daleys Fruit Trees
Comfrey bocking 14, (Symphytum uplandicum), cultivar of Russian comfrey, valued for high potash content and very high yields, add leaves to the compost,
rots down quickly and adds nutrients and speeds up the decomposition of other materials, culinary uses, herbal medicine, Europe, Boraginaceae.
Russian comfrey, (Symphytum uplandicum), rough comfrey, perennial, vitamin B 12, rich in potash and nitrogen, valuable for mulch, in compost and liquid fertilizer, leaves over 30% protein, animal, poultry food, leaves and roots, herbal medicine, made as ointment, poultices culinary uses, raw and cooked, culinary uses, herbal infusions, Europe, Boraginaceae.
Turpentine tree, (Syncarpia glomulifera), luster, red luster, to 50 m, small creamy white flowers, turpentine smell from crushed leaves, small amount of oleoresin in the inner bark, timber has high silica content, resistant to marine borers, windbreak and shelter, feature tree in parks and gardens, durable temper, cultivated, Australia, Myrtaceae
Syncarpia glomulifera, Turpentine Tree, Daleys Fruit Trees
Satinay, (Syncarpia hillii), Fraser Island turpentine, to 30 m, 1 m diameter stem, brown, bark, fibrous and fissured timber tree, Myrtaceae
"Mikado", (Syngonanthus chryanthus), small aquatic perennial, forms small dense rosettes, up to 15 cm high, small golden-looking flowers with white petals, houseplant, South America, Eriocaulaceae
Arrowhead vine, (Syngonium podophyllium), goosefoot plant, "Syngonium", foot-shaped compound leaves, woody climber to 18 m, poisonous flowers, (houseplant), Araceae
Snowbush, (Synostemon albiflorus), showy sauropus, shrub, up to 2m, small white flowers throughout the year, garden plant, Australia, Phyllanthraceae
Scentless rosewood, (Synoum glandulosum), small tree, up to 7 m, distinctive orange-red fruit and seeds, Australia, Meliaceae
Miracle fruit, (Synsepalum dulcificum), "miraculous berry", perennial, evergreen, small tree, up to 1.5 metres, hardy plant
but needs cold protection, evergreen, shade tree, small, oval purplish fruit is one-seeded fleshy berry, often cultivated, culinary uses, fresh, fruit, makes sour things taste sweet caused by miraculin glycoprotein, which affects sour taste buds so acidic substances taste sweet, high nutritional value, seed grown, Africa, Sapotaceae
Syringa vulgaris, French lilac tree | Eleutheroside | in bark, ornamental tree, Oleaceae
Paperbark satinash, (Syzygium alliiligneum), onionwood satinash lilly pilly, large, white, fluffy flowers, ornamental, red flesh succulent fruits in clusters, screen plant, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Syzygium alliiligneum, Onionwood satinash lilly pilly, Daleys Fruit Trees
Aniseed myrtle, (Syzygium anisatum), anise myrtle, ringwood, aniseed tree, up to 45 m, aromatic leaf with undulated margins,
panicles of white scented flowers, white dry papery capsules, aniseed-liquorice aroma and taste, antimicrobial essential oil
contains Anethole and Methyl chavicol, Australian native food, used in in cooking and tea, flavouring agent, natural preservative, cultivated in plantations, Australia, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Aniseed myrtle.
Syzygium anisatum, Aniseed Myrtle, Daleys Fruit Trees.
Water apple, (Syzygium aqueum), water cherry, watery rose apple, rose apple, lau lau, small tree, evergreen, masses of highly decorative, delicious red fruit, seedless or seed, used fresh, rare plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Clove, (Syzygium aromaticum), clove gillyflower, evergreen, up to 12 m, grown from seeds, air-layering, cloves are dried aromatic flower buds picked just before they open then dried, large leaves, crimson flowers, buds up to 2 cm long are red when ready for harvest, pungent flavour and aroma, antimicrobial, food preservative, high concentration of antioxidants, cuisine uses, in spice mixes to flavour meat and sweets, Indonesian kretek cigarettes contains phenolic compounds, mainly, Casuarictin, Eugeniin, Eugenol, Caryophyllene, Eugenol acetate, Gallic acid, Tellimagrandin, Vanillin, traditional herbal medicine, digestion disorders, coughs, sinuses, excessive gas bloating, topical application for rheumatism and inflammation, attractive ornamental, Madagascar, originally from Maluku Islands, Indonesia, Myrtaceae
Dried herb is sold as clove flower bud whole.
Syzygium aromaticum, Cloves, Daleys Fruit Trees
See diagram: Syzygium aromaticum.
Clove oil, oil of cloves, essential oil, (C7H12ClN3O2), 205.642 g/mol, from flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum trees which contains about 85%, Eugenol, has both analgesic and antiseptic properties, numbs nerve endings, in mouth washes, used to treat tooth and gum pain.
Brush cherry, (Syzygium australe), scrub cherry, tucker bush cherry, creek lilly-pilly, creek satinash, watergum, compact shrub, up to 3 metres high x 1.5 metres wide, foliage is compact, glossy green to bronze new growth, white flowers then berries, to 10 m, in forest so shade tree for cattle, non-invasive roots, used for hedges and screens, topiary, Myrtaceae
Brush cherry Syzygium varieties:
Brush cherry, var. 1 (Syzygium australe, 'hinterland gold lilly pilly'), medium height, fast growing dense shrub with mid-sized glossy golden leaves, compactly arrayed, flushes several times a year with fresh new growth, screen, hedge and topiary plant, grows to 4 m and 1.5 m wide, fluffy flowers, red berries, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium australe.
Brush cherry, var. 2 (Syzygium australe, 'Southern Form''), small shrub, up to 4 m tall, dense crown, leaves are opposite, elliptic in shape, 2.5 long with the apex shortly narrowed to a fine point, Myrtaceae
Upper surface is dark green and glossy, lower surface is paler.
Flowers are white and are borne in small clusters at the ends of branches, occurring in April and October, in Australia.
The fruits are a berry, pink to purplish-red in colour and are elliptic to rounded in shape to 2 cm long.
Fruiting occurs in both early summer and early winter (December and June, Australia).
Bark is brown and scaly.
Fruits are succulent with a crisp texture and a pleasant, tangy flavour and can be eaten raw or made into jam or cordial.
Plants are suitable for a screen or wind break.
Syzygium australe, Daleys Fruit Trees
Syzygium australe, Tucker Bush
Bamaga satinash, (Syzygium bamagense), structural timber, Australia, Myrtaceae
Boonjee satinash, (Syzygium boonjee), up to 30 cm, tropical garden plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Lockerbie satinash, (Syzygium brandershorstii), wood used for instruments, succulent fruit, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Myrtaceae
Watergum, (Syzygium buettnerianum), up to 30 cm, bright pink flowers, Australia, Myrtaceae
Yellow satinash, (Syzygium canicortex), structural timber called Yellow satinash, Australia, Myrtaceae
Lilly Pilly 'Sour cherry', (Syzygium corynanthum), sour cherry lilly pilly, bright red when in fruit, pale green new growth, attractive tree,
dense crown so an ideal shade tree, slow growing so suits containers, Myrtaceae
Syzygium corynanthum, Lilly Pilly 'Sour cherry',
Daleys Fruit Trees
Purple cherry, (Syzygium crebrinerve), purple cherry lilly pilly, up to 40 m, large buttress, masses of white flowers, fruits every second
or third summer, tasteless large brightly-coloured purple fruit, spectacular ornamental, hardy, in full sun, frost-tolerant, bright red new growth, Myrtaceae
Plum satinash lilly pilly, (Syzygium cryptophlebium), up to 10 m in domestic gardens, bushy tree with large leaves, bright pink and weeping when new,
dark green when mature; small fluffy off-white flowers, and dark purple edible fruit in autumn, timber called "plum satinash", Myrtaceae
Malabar plum (Syzygium cumini), jamum, jambolan plum, Java plum, Portuguese plum, black plum, purple plum, Indian blackberry, wax jambu, attractive tree,
esteemed by Buddhists, often planted near Hindu temples, grown from seeds, grafting, large tree, evergreen, fast growing, shade tree, medium plum-like purple
fruit, frost sensitive when young then hardy windbreak tree, tolerates flood and dry periods, prefers tropical regions from sea level to 600 m then fruits prolifically,
fruit eaten fresh or used to make pies, sauces, jams, juices, astringent jelly, used juice, wine, naturalized Hawaii, popular South America, weed by bird seed dispersal,
South Asia, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Jambolan.
Johnstone River satinash, (Syzygium erythrocalyx), scarlet satinash, red bud satinash, Daintree satinash, Johnstone River apple, rainforest tree, up to 10 m, large elliptical soft leaves, red new growth, large quantities of large edible red fruit tastes like apples, cultivated, large garden, used for preserves and beverages, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Apricot satinash, (Syzygium fibrosum), fibrous satinash, rain cherry lilly pilly, attractive tree, creamy-yellow flowers, attract birds, many bright pink-red edible fruits usually with no seed, used in jams and preserves, rainforest understorey tree, Papua New Guinea, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium fibrosum.
Weeping lilly pilly, (Syzygium floribunda), hardy, evergreen tree, ornamental tree, clusters of white flowers, green round fruits, must trim regularly for colourful new growth and bushy plant grow in sunny open position in well-drained soil, dense screen plant, windbreak or large container plant, weeping habit, garden tree, Australia, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium floribunda.
White apple, (Syzygium forte), flaky barked satinash, millable logs called Flaky-barked satinash, Australia, Myrtaceae
Giant water gum, (Syzygium francisii), rose satinash, over 30 m, shade tree, trunk usually with large diameter buttress, canopy spread may be same distance as height, can be cultivated ornamental. but too large for households, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium francisii.
Syzygium francisii, Giant water gum, Daleys Fruit Trees
Grey satinash, (Syzygium gustavioides), watergum, up to 40 m, up to 1.8 m diameter, hardwood, used for construction framework and furniture, Australia, Myrtaceae
Java plum, (Syzygium javanicum), wax jambu, large tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit, medium, red, sweet, watery, used fresh, preserves, grown from seeds, East Indies, Myrtaceae
Broad-leaved lilli pilly, (Syzygium hemilamprum subsp. hemilamprum), blush satinash, cassowary gum, Eungella gum, timber called Blush satinash,
Australia, Myrtaceae
Red lilly pilly (Syzygium hodgkinsoniae), up to 11 m, highly perfumed large cream flowers, Australia, Myrtaceae
Red apple, (Syzygium ingens), southern satinash, up to 40 m, ornamental, Australia, Myrtaceae
Rose apple, (Syzygium jambos), Malabar plum, attractive evergreen ornamental, fast growing, medium shade tree, glossy narrow leaves,
dark red new growth, fruit, round, pale yellow, sweet "rose petal" flavour, unique taste, fruiting for about 6 months each year, white fluffy flowers
attract bees and birds, beautiful ornamental plant, aromatic fruits in 3-4 years from seed, used fresh, candied, preserves, susceptible to myrtle rust, East Indies, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Rose apple.
Cherry satinash, (Syzygium luehmanii), cherry alder, small-leaved lilly pilly, grows 5-10 metres in rainforest, garden hedging plant, mostly seedless
fruit, taste like mix of cardamon, cinnamon and cloves, pink young foliage, popular street and screen tree, attracts birds, windbreak, fire retardant, erosion control, needs well-drained soil, grows in full sun and part shade, select seedless or small-seeded trees for planting, forms fruit in 3-4 years, large fruit harvests reported, masses of red pear-shaped fruit, purple-red growth, edible hedge, fruit slightly acidic, like cinnamon, used in wild-food dishes, harvested for commercial purposes and fruit marketed as “Riberry”, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
This species is already being harvested for commercial purposes.
The fruit is marketed as “Riberry”.
See diagram: Syzygium luehmannii.
See diagram: Riberry.
Powder-puff lillipilliy, (Syzygium luehmannii x wilsonii), cascade lilly pilly, hybrid species, powderpuff, it has pale pink flowers, pale pink fruits, used in hedges, popular ornamental shrub, variety 'Cherry puff', Australia, Myrtaceae
Syzygium luehmannii x wilsonii, Powder-puff lillipilli. Daleys Fruit Trees
Pink satinash, (Syzygium malaccense), malay apple, mountain apple, hardy plants, attractive fast growing evergreen tree, up to 6 m, large red, sweet, watery, pear-shaped fruit, culinary uses fresh, preserves, herbal remedy, grown from seeds, air-layering, large, dark-green glossy leaves, large red-purple clusters of tassel-like flowers, deep-red oval fruit, thin skin, white crispy flesh, aromatic, sweet mild flavour, hardy plant, but needs tropical humid climate, water-logging tolerant, most soil types, eaten fresh. but best as stewed dessert, make wines, said to be the "best eating fruit" in Australia, Southeast Asia, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Malay apple.
Giant lau lau, (Syzygium megacarpum), grows at a rapid rate reaching up to 6-7m with enough water, long glossy leaves, bright red fruit, crisp apple-like flavour, very popular in Papua New Guinea, Myrtaceae
Syzygium megacarpa, Palmtalk
Syzygium megacarpa. Giant lau lau, Daleys Fruit Trees.
Satinash, (Syzygium monimioides), up to 20 m, Australia, Myrtaceae
Daintree satinash, (Syzygium monospermum), up to 17 m, Australia, Myrtaceae
Coolamon lilly pilly, (Syzygium mooreii), 'Coolamon tree', durroby, up to 25 - 30m, rainforest tree, need to plant in rich soil with adequate moisture, attractive red-pink flowers, large edible fruit, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium mooreii.
Syzygium mooreii, Coolamon lilly pilly, Daleys Fruit Trees
Blue lilly pilly, (Syzygium oleosum), spongy delicate purple fruit, aromatic, sweet slightly ginger or turpentine flavour, glossy green leaves, many large oil
glands so distinctive smell when crushed unlike other lilly pilly plants, fruit unusual blue colour, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium oleosum.
Syzygium oleosum, Daleys Fruit Trees
Syzygium oleosum, Daleys Fruit Trees
(Syzygium oleosum, Tucker Bush
Magenta lilly pilly, (Syzygium paniculatum), rainforest tree up to 15 m, long slightly-ovate dark glossy leaves, clusters of white flowers, magenta or white or pink or purple large fleshy fruit easily cultivated, appreciated edible wild fruit with sour apple-like taste, eaten fresh or used in jams, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Paperbark satinash, (Syzygium papyraceum), magenta cherry, red papery bark for bark painting, commercial timber, Australia, Myrtaceae
Lipote, (Syzygium polycephalum), ornamental tree, fruits along its branches, pink-purple new growth, dark purple almost black fruits, subacid, Philippines, Myrtaceae
Syzygium polycephalum, Lipote, Daleys Fruit Trees.
Claudie satinash, (Syzygium pseudofastigiatum), up to 35 m, structural timber, Australia, Myrtaceae
Wax jambu, (Syzygium samarangense), Java apple, wax apple, rose apple, fast-growing
ornamental tree, | Spilanthol | fruit red or pink or white, waxy skin, crisp white flesh, sweet and tasty, attractive red-pink pear-shaped fruit, white waxy skin, sensitive to cold, protect from frosts when young. Myrtaceae
See diagram: Syzygium samarangense.
Syzygium samarangense, Wax jambu, Daleys Fruit Trees
"Lilly pilly", (Syzygium smithii, formerly (Acmena smithii), common lilly pilly, coast satinash, lilly pilly satinash, small leaf lilly pilly, monkey apple (New Zealand), magenta cherry, brush cherry, hardy, evergreen, rainforest tree, up to 20 m, glossy dark green leaves, spikes of feathery cream flowers at the ends of branches, white to purple tasteless or apple flavour berries, commonly cultivated as windbreaks or hedges, but litters pavements or walk-ways, used in jams, timber, cultivars selected for cultivation, street tree, ornamental, fire retardant plant, timber called ""lillipilli satinash", Australian native food, Myrtaceae
(More than one Syzygium species may be called "lilly pilly"!)
Lilly Pilly varieties: Cascade, Cherry Puff, Coolamon, Magenta Cherry, Red Apple
Syzygium fruit are often called a "jambu".
See diagram: Lilly pilly.
Lilly pilly, Logan River Tree Farm
Red bush apple, (Syzygium suborbiculare), rolypoly satinash, lady apple, understorey tree, useful shade tree, up to 20 m, large white flowers with many stamens, smooth broad oval leaves, flattened-globular fleshy large pink-red edible fruit prominently ribbed, large seed, eaten raw, herbal medicine, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
River cherry, (Syzygium tierneyanum), Bamaga satinash, medium tree, dense foliage, coppery new growth, whitish flowers, edible fruit, hardy, Australian native food, commercial timber, Australia, Myrtaceae
Syzygium tierneyanum, Lilly pilly 'River Cherry', Daleys Fruit Trees
Powderpuff lilly pilly, (Syzygium wilsonii), 1-3 metres, clusters of bright scarlet-pink, fluffy red "pom pom" flowers, culinary uses, white fruit too sour to eat raw, small to medium pendulous shrub, new foliage attractive bright pink, large crimson flowers in large fluffy heads, Myrtaceae
Syzygium wilsonii, Powderpuff lilly pilly. Daleys Fruit Trees