School Science Lessons
2024-12-19
(UNBiolN3G)

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Genus names G, (Gahnia to Gynura)
Please send comments to: j.elfick@uq.edu.au
Contents

Sawsedge, (Gahnia aspera), rough saw-sedge, round sawsedge, tufted perennial, clumping plant, up to 80 cm, sharp strap-like leaves, red-brown seeds on flower spikes, in wet eucalypt forest, used in moist gardens, Australian native food, Australia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Cyperaceae
Tall sawsedge, (Gahnia clarkei), up to 2m, perennial tussock, wetlands plant, harmful serrated leaves, Australia, Cyperaceae
Sawsedge, (Gahnia sieberiana), redfruit sawsedge, up to 2m, perennial clumping sedge, Australia, Cyperaceae

Indian blanket, (Gaillardia pulchella), firewheel, up to 60 cm, aromatic leaves, red to yellow flowers with brown centres, achene fruit, (Pulchellin C15H22O4, toxic), USA, Asteraceae

Goat's rue, (Galega officinalis), galega, professor weed, French lilac, holy hay, perennial, hardy plant, up to 1metre, white pea flowers, contains, Saponins, Flavonoids, Chromium salts, Galegine Guanidine | 6-Hydroxykaemferol, C15H10O7 | herbal medicine, leaves used in diet for balancing metabolism, increased breast milk, toxic to sheep, noxious weed, Southern Europe, Fabaceae.
Goat's Rue, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.

Cleavers, (Galium aparine), goosegrass, velcro weed, grip grass, catchweed, crosswort, lady bedstraw, woodruff, annual, weed, white-flowered, whorled leaves, smells of new-mown hay when dried or crushed | glycosides | alkaloids | folk medicine, poultice, diuretic, may cause dermatitis, Rubiaceae
Dried herb sold as aerials
Cleavers, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb sold as aerials.
Cleavers, Weeds, Australia
Galium species, may be called "bedstraws", have small leaves in whorls, whorls of feathery tiny flowers.

Hedge bedstraw, (Galium mollugo), false baby's breath, up to 100 cm, small white flowers, widely distributed in Europe, noxious weed, Rubiaceae

Sweet woodruff, (Galium odoratum), woodruff, herb walter, kiss-me-quick, herbaceous perennial, up to 30 cm, attractive vanilla-scented leaves, formerly used as strewing herb and in herb pillows culinary uses, dried leaves added to sweet wine for May bowl punch | Coumarin | herbal medicine, benefits lymphatic system, Rubiaceae

Lady's bedstraw, (Galium verum), pettimugget, maid's hair, herbaceous, perennial, sprawling plant, but up to 90 cm, shiny dark green leaves, hairy underneath, clustered yellow flowers | Coumarin-scented | Asperuloside | culinary uses, in cheese-making to make milk curdle, add flowers to yellow cheese, may be noxious weed, Europe, North America, Central Asia, Rubiaceae
Lady's Bedstraw, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.

Scaly ash, (Ganophyllum falcatum), to 15 m, rainforest tree, orange-red edible fruit, toxic to termites, useful timber, park ornamental, Australia, Africa, Asia, Sapindaceae
Ganophyllum falcatum, Donald Simpson, Magnetic Island

Cuban mangosteen, (Garcinia aristata), medium tree, evergreen, slow-growing, fruit, small, yellow, white slightly sweet pulp, large seeds, used fresh, propagation from seeds, attractive ornamental, glossy dark green leaves | Euxanthone, C13H8O4 | Mesuaxanthone A, C14H10O5 | Xanthochymol C21H22O5 | West Indies, Clusiaceae

Bakupari, (Garcinia brasiliensis), medium tree, yellow latex from wounds, fruit, small, ovate, thick orange skin, white subacid aromatic pulp, propagation from seeds, used fresh, South America, Clusiaceae

Malabar tamarind, (Garcinia gummi-gutta), gambooge, brindleberry, commonly known as Garcinia cambogia, orange fruit with thick skin with vertical lobes like a pumpkin called a "gamboge", used in curries, commercial preparation supposed to cause weight loss and said to be toxic but Australian authorities have determined that it is safe, gamboge is a deep saffron pigment used to dye the robes of Buddhist monks, India, Southeast Asia, Clusiaceae
Dried herb sold as berry powder.

Hanbury's garcinia, (Garcinia hanburyi) | Gambogic acid, C38H44O8 | gum resin, Bible: Exodos 30:34, (Hebrew nataph oozing substance), incense burnt in Solomon’s temple | yields the yellow dye called gamboge, Cambodia, Thailand, Clusiaceae

Achacha, (Garcinia humilis), wild mammee, small tree, evergreen, slow-growing, fruit, firm rind, soft, white subacid pulp, used fresh, propagation from seeds, unusual sweet / acidity taste, harvest when mature, because no storage ripening, from Bolivian region of Amazon basin where called "honey kiss", protected by Plant Breeders Right, (PBR), so may not be grown or propagated without a licence.
See diagram Achacha, Tropical America, Clusiaceae
Garcinia humilis, Achacha, Daleys Fruit tree Nursery

Lemon drop mangosteen, (Garcinia intermedia) similar to (Garcinia madruno), Tropical America, Clusiaceae
Garcinia intermedia, Daleys Fruit Trees

Kokum Tree, (Garcinia indica), wild mangosteen | Garcinol, C38H50O6 | fruiting, evergreen tree, used for medicinal and culinary, grows in poor soils, ornamental shade tree. possible anti-cancer activity, fruit rind used as a substitute for tamarinds. India, Clusiaceae

Bitter kola, (Garcinia kola) | Kolaflavanone | Kolanone | fruit ("bitter kola nuts") and bark used as a folk medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. used as a chewing stick, most productive trees left in the wild because of seed coat dormancy and chemicals in the seed, Africa, Clusiaceae
Cola acuminata, Malvaceae, is the true kola nut, not related to Garcinia kola, Clusiaceae
African mangosteen, (Garcinia livingstonei), imbe fruit, small tree, evergreen, slow-growing, male and female, fruit, small, round, orange, large seed, tasty, used fresh, cooked with porridge, seeded and dried, or crushed like grapes to create a drink, which can also be fermented to make a purplish wine or soaked in alcohol and mixed with syrup to make liqueur, antibacterial compounds, decorative tree, propagation from seeds, East Africa, Mozambique, Clusiaceae

Charichuela, (Garcinia macrophylla), small tree, evergreen, slow-growing, fruit, firm yellow rind, soft white subacid pulp, used fresh, propagation from seeds, South America, Clusiaceae

Charichuela, (Garcinia madrono), "Madruno", lemon drop mangosteen, medium tree, slow-growing, fruit, firm yellow rind, soft white subacid pulp, used fresh, evergreen, slow-growing, propagation from seeds, Tropical America, Clusiaceae

Mangosteen, (Garcinia mangostana), purple mangosteen, gamboge tree, sap tree, medium tree, evergreen, slow-growing, fruit, medium, ovate, soft, white sweet pulp, used fresh, propagation from seeds | Gartanin | Isomangostin | Mangostin in pericarp | Norathyriol | herbal medicine, Indonesia, Clusiaceae

Brunei cherry, (Garcinia parvifolia), kundong, asam aur aur, evergreen tree, up to 33 m. popular cherry-like fruit gathered from the wild, bioactive compounds, traditional medicine, wet tropical areas, Malaysia, Cluniaceae
Garcinia parvifolia, Brunei Cherry, Daleys Fruit tree Nursery

Luc's garcinia, (Garcinia Vleerackeii), Limoncillo, Mexican mangosteen, slow growing, attractive tree with spreading form, waxy deep emerald-green large leafy foliage, single-seeded bright yellow fruit as large as tennis balls, best pulp ratio, elegant sub-acid flavour, said to be superior to close-relative mangosteens, Mexico, Clusiaceae.
Garcinia Vleerackeii, Daleys Fruit Trees

Native mangosteen, (Garcinia warrenii), Warren's mangosteen, up to 25 m, dioecious, male flowers clove-like smell, not favoured edible fruits, yellow exudate, rainforest tree, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Clusiaceae

Yellow mangosteen, (Garcinia xanthochymus), garcinia, egg tree, sour mangosteen mundu, yields yellow dye gamboge, medium tree, evergreen, slow-growing fruit, fruit, medium, ovate, yellow, acid pulp, large seeds, used fresh, preserves, propagation from seeds, attractive ornamental, India, Burma, Clusiaceae
Garcinia xanthochymus, Daleys Fruit Trees

Gardenia, (Gardenia jasminoides), cape Jasmine, cape Jessamine, jasmin, showy evergreen shrub, glossy green foliage, up to 1.2 m, highly fragrant double bloom ivory-coloured flowers, orange fleshy berry, | Crocetin | used in bridal bouquets or as cut flowers or hedging, yellow dye from fruit, Chinese herbal medicine, (houseplant), forest habitat, Southeast Asia, Rubiaceae

Hann gardenia, (Gardenia psidioides), up to 1 m, understory plant, cylindrical white corolla tube, useful ornamental garden plant Australia, Rubiaceae

Star flower, (Gardenia scabrella), small tree, grows on forest margins, dense rounded shrub with showy flowers, Australia, Rubiaceae

Heart-leaf poison bush, (Gastrolobium grandiflorum), wallflower poison bush, desert poison bush, woody perennial shrub, up to 2 m, grey-green leaves with prominent yellow veins, orange-red pea-shaped flowers, yellowish-brown hairy pods, poisonous to stock | Monofluoroacetic acid (1080 poison) | in eucalypt woodland, Australia, Fabaceae

Tasmanian snow berry, (Gaultheria hispida), copperleaf snow berry, erect multi-branched shrub, wet forests and alpine woodlands, snow-white berries, copper-tinged leaves, up to 2m in a forest, dark green glossy leaves with depressed veins and serrated leaf margins, red stems, terminal clusters of small white urn- shaped flowers, red capsules, edible fruit bitter taste, may be anti-inflammatory, Australian native food, Tasmania, Ericaceae.
See diagram:Wintergreen
Anagyrine, Cytisine, Genistein, Retamine.
Gaultheria hispida, Tasmanian snow berry, The Seed Vine

American wintergreen, (Gaultheria procumbens), snowberry, teaberry, checkerberry, aromatic wintergreen, gaultheria oil, oil of wintergreen, refreshing aroma | Methyl salicylate | Pyrocatochuic acid \
| Salicyclic acid | herbal medicine, Ericaceae.

Llume palm, (Gaussia attenuata), gaussia, up to 20 m, solitary cliff dweller, trunk wide at base. but narrow at crown, Puerto Rico, Arecaceae

Black huckleberry, (Gaylussacia baccata), common huckleberry, upright branching shrub, blue-black berries, North America, Ericaceae

Dyer's broom, (Genista tinctoria), waxen woad, dyer's green wood, dyer's greenweed, perennial shrub, meadow plant, up to 1.5 m, full sun, spikes of yellow pea-like flowers, formerly source of yellow dye, Genistin, Rhombifoline, Tinctorine, Genistein, herbal medicine, skin complaints, but too toxic for internal medicine, yellow ornamental, Fabaceae.

Genista cinerea, Cinegalline, Hydroxylupanine, Fabaceae.
Genista juncium, Retamine, Fabaceae.

Scrambling lily, (Geitonoplesium cymosum), scrambling vine, narrow glossy leaves, mauve / white flowers, globose berries contain many black seeds, shoots are harvested from wild plants, eaten like asparagus for pleasant flavour, Philippines, Indonesia, Australian native food, Asphodelaceae
See diagram Geitonoplesium cymosum.

Trumpet flower, (Gelsemium sempervirens), gelsemium, ("yellow jasmine". but it is not a jasmine) | Gelsemicine | Gelsemine | Scopoletin | Sempervirine | herbal medicine, poison, Loganiaceae

Genip, (Genipa americana), marmalade box, medium tree, evergreen, slow-growing, fruit, large, green, used fresh, evergreen, propagation from seeds, South America.

Great Yellow Gentian, (Gentiana lutea), yellow gentian, gentian root, bitter root, bitterwort
| Amarogentin | Gentianose | Gentiopicrin | | Gentisin | Isogentisin | Pyrocatochuic acid | in gentian bitters from distilled root, main ingredient of Angostura bitters and in other bitters, herbal medicine, digestive disorders , heartburn, Gentianaceae.
Dried herbis sold as root.

Spotted gentian, (Gentiana punctata), source of gentian bitters, possibly the most bitter substance known, herbal medicine, digestive and other disorders, Gentianaceae.
Dried herb is sold as root.
Clustered gentian (Gentiana triflora), san hua long dan, Chinese gentian, perennial, spectacular blue petals | Anthocyanin, Gentianine alkaloids | Gentianaceae

Herb Robert, (Geranium robertianum), (said to be named after Saint Robert the Abbott of Molesme), common cranesbill, red robin, death-come-quickly, storksbill, robert's geranium, fox geranium, stinking bob, crow's foot, annual, hairy, red-green stalks with joints, fern-like leaves up to 30 cm, pink-purple flowers with lighter centre, source of germanium, helps take oxygen to cell | Gallotannin, (C41H31O26) | herbal medicine. tonic and therapeutic healing properties helps immunity, leaves eaten, tea, or wash, for nosebleeding, toothache, geranin, crushed leaves have unpleasant "burning tyre" smell but good taste, culinary uses, weed, Europe, North Africa, Geraniaceae, called cranesbills, because the seed pods like a crane's bill).
Geranium species: | Geraniin | Xanthoxylin |.

Wild geranium, (Geranium maculatum), spotted geranium, wood geranium, herbaceous perennial, up to 60 cm, long rhizome with scars, herbal medicine, stringent, garden plant, North America, Geraniaceae.

Bigroot geranium, (Geranium macrorrhizum), Labrador tea, Bulgarian geranium, rock cranesbill, leaves aromatic when crushed, flowering groundcover | Costunolide, C15H20O2, a germacranolide | herbal medicine, high anti-microbial, essential oil of geranol used in aromatherapy, ornamental, Geraniaceae.

Meadow geranium, (Geranium pratense), dove's foot, herbaceous perennial, herbal medicine, Europe, Asia, Geraniaceae.

Bloody geranium, (Geranium sanguineum), bloody cranesbill, up to 50cm, thick rhizome, red leaves in Autumn, herbaceous perennial, Europe, Asia, Gerianaceae.

Little robin, (Geranium purpureum), orange pollen, strong unpleasant smell, herbal medicine, common weed, Geraniaceae.
Geranium robertianum, Herb Robert Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herbis sold as aerial parts, Mudbrick Herb Farm.
Scented geraniums, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Geraniums, Nurseries Online
See: Pelargoniums

Gerbera, (Gerbera jamesonii), Barberton daisy, Transvaal daisy, daisy-like flowers, Asteraceae
4.3.3 Grow Gerbera using in vitro culture

White avens, (Geum canadense), native American love medicine, Canada, North America, Mexico, Rosaceae
Geum species are commonly called "avens", Rosaceae
See diagram White avens.

Wood avens, (Geum urbanum), herb Bennet, colewort, St. Benedict's herb, perennial, shade, yellow flowers, herbal medicine, many traditional "cures" for digestive system, evil spirits | Eugenol in roots | Rosaceae
Wood Avens, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.

Giant atter bamboo, (Giantochloe atter), sweet bamboo, dense clumping, young shoots are consumed as vegetable, stems used for furniture and musical instruments, up to 22 m, common village cultivation, Malaysia, Poaceae
Guadua Bamboo, Colombia
Edible bamboo, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery

Ginkgo, Ginkgophyta Division

Gladioli, (Gladiolus callianthus), Abyssinian gladiolus, fragrant gladiolus, up to 100 cm, ornamental, corm perennial, sword-like leaves, fragrant white flowers with a maroon blotch in the throat on slender nodding stems, contractile roots, widely cultivated, eastern Africa, Iridaceae
See diagram Gladiolus, corm.

Garland chrysanthemum, (Glebionis coronaria), edible garland chrysanthemum, chop suey greens, crown daisy, Japanese greens, popular leaf vegetable, special aroma, herbal medicine in East Asia, Mediterranean region, Asteraceae
Garland chrysanthemum, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Ground ivy, (Glechoma hederacea), alehoof, cat's foot, perennial evergreen creeper, hardy plant, groundcover, dainty scalloped leaves, can be used as lawn, formerly used to clarify ale, cultivars have attractive green and white leaves, used for hanging baskets, groundcover, herbal medicine, colds, persistent coughs, liver tonic, ringing in ears, Lamiaceae
See diagram Glechoma hederacea.

Chinese honey locust, (Gleditsia sinensis), Prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, China, Fabaceae
Honey locust tree, (Gleditsia triacanthus), 3-thorned acacia, common North America street tree, North America, Fabaceae

Soya bean, (Glycine max), soybean, vegetable, soybean oil, East Asia, Fabaceae
Glycine max, soybean, The Seed Vine
Bean curd, Prepare bean curd (tofu, soya bean), (Prepare)

Twining glycine, (Glycine clandestina), widespread, variety of habitats, wiry twining plant whose thin stems twist around the stems of other plants, inconspicuous habit and not noticed until the flowers appear, does not overwhelm other plants, 3-foliolate leaves are arranged alternately on the stems, mauve to pale pink and white “pea” shape flowers consisting of 4 petals, elongated pods up to 40 mm long, rarely cultivated, propagation from seed following pre-treatmentt by abrasion or by the use of boiling water, most species only in Australia, East Asia,Pacific islands. subfamily Faboideae, Fabaceae
Glycine species usually have a twining or scrambling habit.

Gliricidia, (Gliricidia sepium), quickstick, madre de cacao, fast growing, explosive pods, widely introduced cocoa shade in tropical areas, live fencing, insect repellent, rodenticide, (Gliricidia means "mouse killer"), Fabaceae
1.2 Shade trees, Gliricidia sepium

Pale yellow pop-flower, (Glischrocaryon flavescens), up to 90 cm, perennial herb with woody rootstock, Australia, Haloragaceae

Cheese tree, (Glochidion ferdinandi), woody shrub, fast growing up to 8 m, dense canopy shade tree, fruits are like cheese wheels or pumpkins, bright red seeds, Australia, Phyllanthaceae
Umbrella cheese tree, (Glochidion sumatranum), large-leaved cheese tree, buttonwood, large glossy leaves, rainforest tree, Australia, Phyllanthaceae

Gloriosa lily, (Gloriosa superba, "Rothschildiana"), climbing lily, flame lily, glory lily, ornamental, flowers bright red edged with yellow edges, large rhizome, all parts poisonous | Colchicine | cyclic ketone Gloriosine C21H23NO6 | floral emblem of Zimbabwe, traditional medicine, noxious weed, environmental weed, banned from sale in Australia, India and many countries, Colchicaceae

Pink lime berry, (Glycosmis trifoliata), orange berry, pink-fruited lime berry, pink-fruited glycosmis, lime berry, bushy shrub or small tree, up to 4 m in cultivation, glossy aromatic leaves, tiny white fragrant flowers, sweet pink honey-flavoured fruits with a citrus tang, understory plant, screening plant, tropical rainforests, Australia, southeast Asia, Rutaceae
Plants are quite hardy and start to bear fruit at a fairly early stage.
Tiny white flowers are followed by large clusters of translucent pink berries, from 1 to 1.5 mm diameter, which start to appear in late Spring and will bear continually through most of the year, depending on climate.
Berries are best eaten, fresh, straight off the bush.
Sweet, succulent, berries of pink lime berry neither look like nor taste like limes.

Licorice, (Glycyrrhiza glabra), (English: liquorice), herbaceous perennial, up to 1 metre, deciduous, large divide leaves, narrow sticky leaflets, upright stems of mauve-violet flowers, up to 1.5 m, full sun, culinary uses, root 50 x sweeter than sugar, but can be taken by diabetics, used to sweeten foods, drinks, thirst quencher, herbal medicine, licorice tea to treat bronchial coughs, strained vocal chords, stomach disorders, blood tonic, mucous congestion, pain, coughs, throat ailments, indigestion, constipation, root chewed to quit smoking, licorice may increase the absorption of drugs and affect their liver metabolism, increase toxicity of, Digoxin, Aspartic acid, Glabridin, Glycyrrhetinic acid, Liquiritigenin, Pinocembrin, roots contain, Glycyrrhizin, Hispaglabridin, Isoliquiritigenin, used to flavour confectionary and drinks, but "licorice" from sweetshops for children may be made of licorice flavouring, reduce the effects of blood pressure or diuretic drugs, cause electrolyte disturbances if tobacco chewing, reduce the effects of birth control pills and hormone replacement therapies, increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulants, e.g. warfarin, heparin, aspirin, do not take if have high blood pressure, kidney disorders or low potassium levels, overuse can cause water retention and high blood pressure, anti-stress "adaptogen", not to be taken for up to four weeks, because can cause high blood pressure, Fabaceae.
Licorice, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Dried herb is sold as root.

American liquorice, (Glycyrrhiza lepidota), "wild licorice, Glabranin, Glepidotin A, B and C, Prenyldihydropinosilvin, roots chewed, American native medicine, Fabaceae.

Chinese licorice, (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), gan cao, Chinese herbal medicine | Flavonoids Narcissin, Glycyrrhizin | so may cause high blood pressure, China, Fabaceae.
Chinese Licorice, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as root powder, dried root and root sticks.

White beech, (Gmelina leichardtii), up to 30 m, timber tree, ornamental for large gardens, Australia, Lamiaceae

Gnetum, Gnetophyta Division

Amuyon, (Goniothalamus amuyon), tree, up to 15 m, flowers with 3 fleshy green sepals, green-yellow fleshy petals in two rows of 3. oval fruit about 5 cm with a mild pleasant smell, (alkaloid: velutinam C17H13NO4), traditional medicine for a variety of ailments, Philippines, Annonaceae
Goniothalamus is a huge genus of cytotoxic plants

Hop goodenia, (Goodenia ovata), fast-growing groundcover or shrub up to 2 m high, green oval leaves, yellow flowers, (upright, prostrate and shrub forms), Australia, Goodeniaceae
Goodenia ovata, BotanyBrisbane
Blue fan flower, (Goodenia scaevolina), fan flower, Goodeniaceae

Golden tip, (Goodia latifolia), clover tree, clover bush, yellow pea, Australia, Fabaceae
Goodia latifolia, Golden tip, Australian National Herbarium
Goodia latifolia, Golden tip, Southern Harvest

Loblolly bay, (Gordonia lasianthus), evergreen shrub, fragrant white flowers, can grow in wet soil, North America, Theaceae

Sweet myrtle, (Gossia fragrantissima), small-leaved myrtle, multi-stemmed shrub or small tree, up to 10 m, rough brown and fissured bark, small glossy leaves with a tiny point at the apex and are paired on the stem, shiny red new leaves, small white fragrant flowers, small round yellow to orange berries, can hyperaccumulate four different heavy elements – manganese, nickel, cobalt and zinc so may be used to extract minerals from tailings during mine rehabilitation, Australia. Myrtaceae
Sweet myrtle, QAAFI

Cotton bush, (Gossypium barbadense), sea island cotton has long silky fibres, Egyptian cotton has extra long staple, cottonseed oil, herbal medicine, gossypol anti-fertility medicine, Malvaceae
The four basic types of cotton
Gossypium hirsutum, American cotton. upland cotton, native to Central America, Mexico, the Caribbean and southern Florida, (90% of world production)
Gossypium barbadense, Gallini cotton, extra-long staple cotton, native to tropical South America, (8% of world production)
Gossypium arboreum, Asiatic cotton, tree cotton, native to India and Pakistan, (less than 2% of world production)
Gossypium herbaceum, Levant cotton, native to southern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, (less than 2% of world production)

Scarlet fuchsia, (Graptophyllum excelsum), native fuchsia, letter leaf, attractive foliage plant, deep scarlet-red flowers, Australia, Acanthaceae
Mt Blackwood holly, (Graptophyllum illicifolium), holly-leaved graptophyllum, up to 6 m, prickly leaves with noticeable markings, Australia, Acanthaceae
Samford holly, (Graptophyllum spinigerum), up to 1 m, rainforest shrub, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Acanthaceae

Hedge hyssop, (Gratiola officinalis), common hedge hyssop, herb of grace, bitter nauseous taste | Gratiolin | one of the essential principles of herbal medicine, cathartic, emetic, diuretic, treat liver disorders, Europe, Scrophulariaceae

Bractless hedgehyssop, (Gratiola ebracteata), low-growing marsh plant, grows in mud, inflorescence with hair-like glands, North America, Scrophulariaceae

Bank's grevillea, (Grevillea banksii), red-flowered silky oak, dwarf silky oak, white silky oak, many cultivars, first collected by Sir Joseph Banks 1770, best backyard household plant, Australia, Proteaceae
Grevillea species are small shrubs, showy evergreen plants, up to 2 m, nectar-rich flowers including a "spider flower" in a single colour throughout the year, grow in full sunny, light, gritty, free-draining soil, Brisbane City Council suggestion, Proteaceae
Grevillea hybrid, Grevillea, Daleys fruit Trees

Brown silky oak, (Grevillea baileyana), hardy garden tree, attractive lobed leaves and nectar-rich flowers, Australia, Proteaceae

Fuchsia grevillea, (Grevillea bipinnatifida), red blooms, spiky foliage, household plant glauca, Australia, Proteaceae

Curved leaf grevillea, (Grevillea curviloba), erratic growth so not suitable ground cover, Australia, Proteaceae

Bushman's clothes peg, (Grevillea glauca), beefwood tree, collected in 1770 at Endeavour River, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Proteaceae

Rock grevillea, (Grevillea heliosperma), up to 8 m, ornamental tree for parks and streets, Australia, Proteaceae

Spreading grevillea, (Grevillea humifusa), ornamental for rockeries and pots, Australia, Proteaceae

Inticata grevillea, (Grevillea intricata), up to 2 m, delicate white flowers, household plant Australia, Proteaceae

Wax grevillea, (Grevillea insignis), up to 5 m, beautiful foliage, garden plant, Australia, Proteaceae

Juniper grevillea, (Grevillea juniperina), many garden cultivars, regenerates after bush fires, long flowering, cause skin rash, Australia, Proteaceae

Woolly grevillea, (Grevillea lanigera), many garden cultivars, ornamental tree, Australia, Proteaceae

Silky grevillea, (Grevillea pteridifolia), fern-leafed grevillea, popular garden hybrids, used as stuffing, antibacterial compounds, Australia, Proteaceae

Silky oak, (Grevillea robusta), Australian silky oak, southern silky oak, (not an oak tree Quercus), the largest species of genus Grevillea, up to 40 m, timber tree, household plant, grafting stock, contains hydrogen cyanide, subtropical rainforest, (houseplant), Australia, Proteaceae

Emu berry, (Grewia latifolia), dysentery plant, up to 2 m, woody capsules, used in coal mine rehabilitation, Australian native medicine, Australia, Tiliaceae
See diagram: Phalsa, Daleys Fruit Trees

Phalsa, (Grewia asiatica), sweet and sour falsa fruit, herbal medicine, India, widespread, Tiliaceae
Grewia asiatica, Phalsa, Daleys Fruit Trees

Dog's balls, (Grewia retusifolia), turkey bush, diddle diddle, small two-lobed edible fruit, Australian native medicine, Tiliaceae

Griffonia, (Griffonia simplifonia), woody climbing shrub | 5-hydrotryptophan precursor to form, Serotonin | herbal medicine, Africa, Fabaceae.

Great valley gumplant, (Grindelia camporum), great valley gumweed, tall perennial, thistle-like yellow flower heads, Native American folk medicine, California, Asteraceae.
Grindelia camporum, Mudbrick Herb cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as aerials.

Scrub ooline, (Guilfoylia monostylis), native plum, Australia, Surianaceae

Glossy tamarind, (Guoia acutifolia), northern guioa, sharp-leaf guioa, Australia, Sapindaceae

Wild quince, (Guoia semiglauca), Australia, Sapindaceae

Guaiacol in gaiac oil, Caribbean region, Zygophyllaceae

Roughbark lignum-vitae, (Guaiacum officinale), guaiacwood, national flower of Jamaica, Caribbean South America, caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae

Holywood, (Guaiacum sanctum) is the national tree of the Bahamas
Guaiacum genus contains 'lignum vitae', a very hard heartwood, which is also called 'guaiacum'.
Gum guaicum was used to stimulate menstruation, as an abortifacient, treat sore throat, chronic gout and rheumatism.
Guaiacum is food additive E314 antioxidant.
Guaiacum, Health Benefits Times
Dried herb sold as wood powder.

Miracle fruit. (Gymnema sylvestre), cowplant | Gymnemic acid | supresses sweetness taste | Viburnitol | in Gymnema sylvestre leaves. herbal medicine, India, Apocynaceae
Gymnemic acids, triterpenoid glycosides
See diagram Gymnema
Dried herb is sold as leaves.
Gymnosperms

Jiaogulan, (Gynostemma pentaphyllum), "immortality herb", because supposed to cause longevity, "twisting vine orchid", climbing vine, dioecious, grown as annual to harvest in summer | gypenosides, Saponins | widely used as a herbal tea, dietary supplement, and vegetable in Asian countries, contains, gypenosides, associated with therapy for treatment of type-2 diabetes and obesity, and moderate cytotoxicity against certain human breast cancer cells, herbal medicine as herbal tea, antioxidants, regulate blood pressure, lowers serum cholesterol, protects liver, South China, east Asia, northern Vietnam, Cucurbitaceae.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Jiaogulan

Daintree pine, (Gymnostoma australianum), Daintree oak, dawn she-oak, (not a pine or a conifer but looks like one), up to 7 m, conical shape, attractive plant, separate male and female flowers, dark–coloured winged seeds, nitrogen-fixing nodules in roots, restricted distribution in the Daintree rainforests region, Australia, Casuarinaceae

Morinda, (Gynochthodes jasminoides), sweet morinda, jasmine morinda, native jasmine, woody climber, perfumed flowers, fleshy orange fruit, rainforest plant, Australia, Rubiaceae
Gynochthodes jasminoides, Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants

Longevity spinach, (Gynura procumbens), sambung, Mollucan spinach, leaves of the gods, perennial vine with young leaves and shoots which can be eaten fresh in salads or added to rice or noodle dishes, resin acids with various health benefits, China, Southeast Asia, Africa, Zygophyllaceae.
Cook it like spinach, sauté in butter or oil and a little garlic or add to soups or stews.​
Scientists have studied (Gynura procumbens) and have concluded that it is "a potential natural source of compounds with various pharmacological actions which can be utilized for the development of novel therapeutic agents"!

Purple passion, (Gynura aurantica), velvet plant, dark green leaves with purple hairs like velvet, unpleasant smell, orange flowers, (houseplant), Asteraceae

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