Plants, Scientific names of plants, A to Z.

School Science Lessons
2024-01-04
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(UNBiolN3AA.html)

Genus names, A, (Annona to Azadirachta)

Table of contents
Cherimoya, (Annona cherimoia), chirimoya, evergreen, semi-deciduous, slow-growing, small tree or shrub, similar to custard apple, fruit, large sweet, delicious white flesh, used fresh, propagation from grafting, seeds, Peru, Ecuador, Annonaceae
Cherimoya, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Cherimoya, Daley's Fruit Trees
Flavonoids | Alkaloids | acetogenins | Annonacin | in seeds and other parts, leaves and bark may be insecticidal | Terpenoids | Diterpenes | Monoterpenes | Sesquiterpenes | 16.6.5 Isoquinoline alkaloids |
Ilama, (Annona diversifolia), small tree, deciduous, fruit excellent, but shy bearer, fruit, large, pink or white, used fresh, ice cream, propagation from seeds, grafting, Mexico, Annonaceae
Pond apple, (Annona glabra), alligator apple, swamp apple, monkey-apple, corkwood, bobwood small tree, medium large, yellowish pulp barely edible fruit, deciduous, propagation from seeds, rootstock for other annonas, grows in saltwater swamps, invasive species in Sri Lanka and Australia | Cassythicine | Reticuline | Florida, Tropical America, Annonaceae
Mountain soursop, (Annona montana), small tree, deciduous, fast growing, fruit, large, yellow, poor flavour, used in drinks, propagation from seeds, West Indies, Annonaceae
Rollinia, (Annona mucosa), biriba, wild sugar-apple, Amazon basin tree, medium tree, fast growing, fruit, large, yellow with brown protuberances, white sweet pulp, used fresh, from seeds, Amazon basin, Annonaceae
Annona mucosa Rollinia, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
See diagram: Annona mucosa boy, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
See diagram: Annona mucosa, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Soursop, (Annona muricata), guanabana, "graviola", small tree, deciduous, fast growing, fruit, large, green, soft spines | Caffeine | Hydrocyanic acid | Myricyl alcohol | slightly "sour" taste, used drink, ice cream, propagation from seeds, grafting | Coumaric acid | Epoxymurin-A | herbal medicine, boils, skin diseases, tropical America, Annonaceae
Dried Elderflower sold as leaf powder
Dried herb sold as leaf powder.
See diagram: Annona muricata
Soursop, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Cawesh, (Annona poshte), slow growing, up to 20 m, creamy flesh fruit, very tough skin, Central America, Annonaceae
Poshte, Annona scleroderma, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Soncoya, (Annona purpurea), small tree, deciduous, fast growing, fruit, large, brown, orange aromatic pulp, used fresh, propagation from seeds, Mexico, South America, Annonaceae
Bullock's heart, (Annona reticulata), custard apple, small tree, deciduous, fast growing, sap from cut branches injures eyes, large fruit are almost smooth, seed kernels very toxic, used fresh, all parts used for insecticides | Annonaine | herbal medicine from leaves and bark, propagation from seeds, Tropical America, Annonaceae
See diagram: Annona reticulata
Custard apple, The Australian custard apple is a hybrid of the sugar apple (Annona squamosa) and the cherimoya (Annona cherimoia), Annonaceae
Custard Apple, Custard Apples, Australia
Custard Apple, Daley's Fruit Trees
Sugar apple, (Annona squamosa), sweetsop, small tree, up to 4 m, deciduous, fast growing, fruit, scaly, large, heart-shaped, segmented, white creamy pulp, used fresh, ice cream, propagation from grafting, seeds | Asimicin | Tropical America, Annonaceae
See diagram: sugar apple
Annona squamosa, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Sugar Apple, Daley's Fruit Trees
The fruit of Annona cherimoia, Annona reticulata, and Annona squamosa are all called "custard apple", with Annona cherimoia having the preferred fruit.
(Annona x atemoya), (Acacia squamosa X A. cherimoya), atemoya, not "custard apple", small tree, deciduous, fast growing, fruit, large, smooth to segmented, soft white flesh, sweet, used fresh, drink, ice cream, propagation from grafting, Tropical America, Annonaceae
Mayweed, (Anthemis species), dog-fennel, Mediterranean region, Asteraceae
Corn chamomile, (Anthemis arvensis, Asteraceae
Stinking camomile, (Anthemis cotula, weed, Asteraceae
Enantia chlorantha, (Annickia chlorantha), up to 25 m, local medicinal plant, bark extract has antibacterial properties, which cleanses the skin, Nigeria, Annonaceae
Macleay laurel, (Anopterus macleayanus), Queensland laurel, up to 8 m, spreading open crown, large glossy dark green toothed leaves, attractive fragrant white terminal flowers, garden plant or pot plant, rainforest floor plant, sub-tropical areas, Australia, Escalloniaceae
Anopterus macleayanus, Australian Plants Society, NSW
Yellow tailflower, (Anthrocercis littorea), Australia, Solanaceae
Anthrocercis littorea, Australian Native Plants Society
Anthocerotophyta, Hornworts, Phylum Anthocerotophyta
Vanilla grass, (Anthoxanthum odoratum), sweet vernal grass, holy grass, up to 30 cm, hardy plant, tufting grass, soup sachets, bath bags, leaves pleasant tea | Dicoumarol | herbal medicine, temporary relief of pain, tincture sniffed for hay fever | Coumarin | hay smell when dry, Poaceae
Vanilla Grass, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Chervil, (Anthriscus cerefolium), garden chervil, French parsley, salad chervil, low-growing herb, up to 30 cm, delicate annual, white flowers, sweet-scented ferny foliage, grow in containers in cool conditions in shady area, store in crush in a mortar before use, culinary use of oily seed, flavour soups, eggs, chicken, fish, sauces and salads, chervil soup, mild taste like aniseed or parsley, common on French menus as "cerfeuil" | Anethole | Estragole | herbal medicine improve digestion, but may cause dermatitis, Caucasus, Apiaceae
Cow parsley, (Anthriscus sylvestris), wild chervil, common European plant, but not used in gardens | Deoxypodophyllotoxin | Apiaceae
Chervil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Flamingo flower, (Anthurium andraenum), tailflower, herbaceous epiphyte, simple large heart-shaped leaves on long stalks, unisexual flowers in a curled spadix at end of long and slender stalk, large usually red colourful bract, dangerous attractive plant causes itching, burning, swelling and inflammation from leaves and stem containing calcium oxalate crystals, (houseplant in pots is supposed to clean indoor air), Colombia, Ecuador, Araceae
Axelwood, (Anogeissus latifolia), useful source of tannins and Indian gum called ghatti gum, tassar silk moth, India, Combretaceae
Madeira-vine, (Anredera cordifolia), mignonette vine, potato vine, lambs tail vine, vigorous climbing vine, ornamental succulent vine, light green heart-shaped fleshy leaves, fragrant white flowers in drooping spikes like a lamb's tail, small light brown or green potato-like tubers, serious invasive weed in Australia, because smothers native flora, South America, Basellaceae
Madeira vine, (Anredera baselloides), mignonette vine, climbing tuberous geophyte, in dry tropical biomes, invasive succulent vine, smothers and destroys native vegetation, environmental weed, Peru, Chenopodiaceae
Incense cedar, (Anthocarapa nitidula), bog onion, jimmy-jimmy, incense wood, up to 25 m, green branchlets sometimes with brown lenticels, dark green leaves, leaflets always in pairs, brown pear-shaped fruit, red seeds, bark may smell of onions, in subtropical rainforest, Australia, Meliaceae
Laran, (Anthocephalus chinensis), burflower-tree, Leichhardt pine, tree of Sabah, kadam, Rubiaceae
Yellow tailflower, (Anthocercis ilicifolia), littorine, up to 3 m, | Hyoscamine | Australia, Solanaceae
Anthocercis species contain tropane alkaloids and produce resin compounds on glandular trichomes
Flamingo flower, (Anthurium andraeanum), houseplant, poisonous calcium oxalate crystals affect skin and eyes, Araceae
Upas tree, (Antiaris toxicaria), toxic, dart poison, fibres used for tapa cloth, Moraceae
Wild currant, (Antidesma erostre), native currant, up to 3 m, dark green, glossy leaves, young berries. but sweet when mature as large, grape-like uneven clusters, eaten raw or used in jams, syrups, desserts and wines, male and female plants. but female may fruit on their own, pesticide phytochemicals, Australian native food, north Queensland, Papua New Guinea, Phyllanthaceae.
Antidesma erostre, Native currant, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Antidesma erostre, Tucker Bush
Antidesma bunius and Antidesma. dallachyanum, commonly found as shrubs or small trees with simple, alternate leaves bearing inconspicuous male and female flowers on different plants, rounded fruits mostly 6 to l2 mm across, vary in colour from cream to red and purple-black, very acid pulp surrounding a central stone, fruit densely borne on the stalk.
Currantwood, (Antidesma bunius), Herbert River cherry, bignay, current tree, Buni, China laurel, small tree, small long fruit, small, currant-like clusters, male and female plants, used as jelly, excellent juice, wine, propagation from air-layering, grafting, seeds, heart disease, evergreen, attractive when in fruit, used as jelly, excellent juice used for wine, propagation from air-layering, grafting, seeds, Australian native food, Phyllanthaceae.
Antidesma bunius, Tucker Bush
Mexican coral vine, (Antigonon leptopis), coral creeper, corallita, Honolulu creeper, chain of love, queen's wreath, Mexico, Polygonaceae
Snapdragon, (Antirrhinum majus), subshrub, grows primarily in the temperate biome, up to 40 cm, grown in a border or pots, used a medicine and for food, ornamental, cut lowers, long-lasting flowering, (used in genetic and physiology research), ("snapdragon" refers to children's game of squeezing the ''throat" to open the ''dragon's mouth''), Plantaginaceae
Golden pea, (Aotus ericoides), common aotus, up to 2 m, golden and red pea flowers, Australia, Fabaceae
Native elm, (Aphananthe phillipinensis), rough leaved elm, grey handlewood, axe handle wood, Australia, Philippines, Cannabaceae
Parsley piert, (Aphanes arvensis), field parsley, slender pilose annual herb, up to 0.1 m, green/yellow/red flowers, rarely eaten raw in salads or pickled for winter use, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, herbal medicine, grows in stony ground, used to treat kidney and bladder complaints, Europe, Rosaceae
Zebra plant, (Aphelandra squarrosa), large, glossy, dark green leaves, white stripes along veins, attractive bracts, houseplant, Brazil, Acanthaceae
Coral aphelandra, (Aphelandra sinclairiana), Acanthaceae
Celery, (Apium graveolens var. dulce), "celery for cutting", garden celery, stalk celery, sweet celery, cultivated variety of celery, blanched celery, aromatic biennial garden herb, grown for crunchy thick stalks or hypocotyl, mild taste, eaten raw or cooked by steaming, simmered with other vegetables for sauces, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, little nutritional value, (celery seed essential oil, pale yellow, very fluid strong celery aroma, contains: | Apiin | Apiole | | Chrysoeriol | Columbianetin | Guaiacol | Herniarin | Lactones | Limonene | Malonic acid | Myristicin | Selinene | Trimethylpsoralen | Xanthotoxin | herbal medicine, diuretic, aphrodisiac, used to treat arthritis, liver disorders, cystitis, chilblains.
Some people are allergic to raw or cooked celery or celery seed oil.
Dried herb is sold as leaves and seed, not suitable for planting.
Celery salt is salt with ground celery seeds.
See diagram: 9.78.0 Celery stalk
"Wild celery", (Apium graveolens), ("wild celery" if growing wild in damp places, before modern cultivars, celery was thin-stalked, pungent bitter herb called "smallage"), ache des marais, persil des marais, growing in salt marshes of Europe, Apiaceae
Chinese celery, (Apium graveolens var. dulce), (Apium graveolens var. secalinum), "cutting celery", leaf celery, soup celery, Nan Ling, Chinese kintsai, (grown for its leaves), Apiaceae
Apium graveolens var. secalium, Chinese celery, leaf celery, cutting celery, smallage, Apiaceae
Chinese celery, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Celeriac, (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum), "celery root", (grown for bulbous root, is sold with leaves removed), garden herb, large taproot as a vegetable, use leaves as seasoning, is sold as "celeriac salt", Apiaceae
Flinders Island celery, (Apium insulare), herb of Bass Strait islands, Lord Howe Island, Australian native food, Apiaceae
Lebanese cress, (Apium nodiflorum), fool's watercress, perennial, up to 30 cm, hardy plant, groundcover, sprawling, lush, attractive fern-like leaves with pleasant, mild carrot-like flavour, wonderful in salads or as garnish, made into pesto, rich in vitamins and minerals, Apiaceae
Sea celery, (Apium prostatum), native parsley, wild celery, groundcover, salt marches, stout, clusters of white flowers, leaves with toothed leaflets, smells like celery, deep taproot, leaves collected in New Zealand by Captain Cook 1769 to prevent scurvy, used in soups and sauces, diuretic, herbal medicine, Australian native food, New Zealand, Apiaceae
Apium annuum, 'Sea celery', Tucker Bush
Headland sea celery, (Apium prostratum var. prostratum), sea parsley, broad leaves, grows on coastal dunes, Apiaceae
Apium prostratum var. prostratum, Tucker Bush
Mangrove sea celery, (Apium prostratum var. filiforme), upright plant, fine leaves, grows in swamps, Apiaceae
Dogbane, (Apocynum cannabinum), amy root, Indian hemp, Canadian hemp, hemp dogbane, perennial, up to 50 cm, aromatic leaves, companion plant, use under citrus fruit trees to deter dogs and cats, supposed to be poisonous to dogs | Cymarin | Aposinin | Hydroxyacetophenone | herbal medicine, hemp used by Native Americans, North America, the dogbane family, Apocynaceae
Dogbane, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Family Apocynaceae, dogbane family, subfamily Asclepiadoideae, (formerly the Asclepiadaceae, milkweed family)
Cape-pondweed, (Aponogeton distachyos), Aponogetonaceae
Rat tail cactus, (Aporocactus flagelliformis), circular trailing stems with sharp spines, houseplant, Mexico, central America, Cactaceae
Rock daisy, (Apowollastonia spilanthoides), creeping sunflower, beach sunflower, perennial herb, up to 1 m, hardy prostrate groundcover, on coastal rock faces and sand dunes, tolerates salty winds, green foliage rough to touch, yellow daisy-like flower, Australia, Asteraceae
(Aquaria agallocha), agar wood, aloes wood, agar, Thymelaeaceae
(Aquaria malaccensis), Indonesian agar wood, Thymelaeaceae
Agarwood plant, (Aquilaria malaccensis), resinous heartwood, major source of agarwood, agar oil, oud, oodh, fragrant oil, resin is reaction to parasitic mould, Phaeoacremonium parasitica, endangered species, Southeast Asia, Thymelaeaceae
Aquilaria sinensis, evergreen, incense, Chinese herbal medicine, ("Chen Xiang"), Thymelaeaceae
Columbine, (Aquilegia vulgaris), granny's bonnet, perennial, poisonous, ornamental, the five spurs of the flower’s resemble an the talons of an eagle, wide range of cultivars, Ranunculaceae
Thale cresst, (Arabidopsis thaliana), mouse ear cress, rock cress, mustard weed, environmental weed, smallest plant genome, (first plant to have its entire genome sequenced), small plant, tiny seeds, short generation time about 6 weeks, grows well under laboratory conditions, Brassicaceae
Peanut, (Arachis hypogaea), groundnut, but is a legume and not a "nut", herbaceous, annual, needs light sandy-loam acidic soil, five months of warm weather, regular moisture, pods ready for harvest 120 to 150 days after seeds planted, pods unripe if harvested too early, pods snap off stalk and stay in soil if harvest too late | Arachidic acid | Dihydroxychromone | Peanut lectin | Prenylresveratrol | Verruculotoxin | South America, Fabaceae.
How peanuts are grown, PCA, Peanut Company of Australia
Peanut, Rhizoma peanut, (Arachis glabrata), perennial peanut, summer growing, perennial, yields for pasture, hay and silage, may be grown under coconuts or banana trees, can withstand droughts and infertile acidic soils, good cover crop, Fabaceae
Groundnuts, Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)
Peanuts experiments, Arachis hypogaea
Pinto pea, (Arachis pintoi), pinto peanut, amarillo peanut, pasture legume, hardy plant, up to 10-15 cm, bright yellow flowers, small peanut, mulch source, used to improve tropical pasture, erosion control, orchard groundcover, animal fodder, 20-30 cm deep mat, weed control, fix nitrogen, culinary use, leaves for garnish, high nutritional value, Fabaceae.
See diagram: Pinto peanut.
Japanese angelica tree, (Aralia elata), devil's walking stick, woody deciduous shrub, up to 10 m | Araloside | herbal medicine, possibly anti-ulcer, rapidly growing that can outgrow and outcompete native plants, Asia, Araliaceae
Araucaria species, Araucariaceae, Pinophyta Division
Greek strawberry tree, (Arbutus andrachne), madrone, small evergreen tree, fruit, strawberry-like, small seeds, fruit and rind edible, Turkey, Epacridaceae
Strawberry tree, (Arbutus unedo), cane apple, Irish strawberry tree, evergreen shrub or small tree, Mediterranean region, western Europe, England, Ericaceae
Burdock, (Arctium lappa), greater burdock, clot-burr, biennial, grown from seed, hardy plant, large, oval heart-shaped leaves soft to touch, stalks up to 60 mm, quick growing, single deep taproot in loose soil with medium nitrogen content | Arctigenin | Arctiopicrin | Inulin | traditional herbal medicine for many complaints, may either lower or raise blood sugar levels, may have oestrogen-like properties, antioxidants, diruetic, dissolves calcification, bitter, stimulates bile flow, boosts immune system, herpes episodes, tinctures of burdock may contain high concentrations of alcohol, culinary use, leaves and roots eaten, sliced roots eaten in Japan called "gobo", burdock and dandelion cordial for gout, noxious weed, seeds have encapsulated hooky burrs which stick in sheep fleeces, Europe, Asteraceae
A "burdock" is any weed-like Arctium species growing in desolate areas, having a dry fruit with hooks called a "burr", (bur).
Burdock burrs are said to be the origin of "Velcro".
Burdock, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as root, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Lesser burdock, (Arctium minus), common burdock | Arctiopicrin | Onopordopicrin C19H24O6 | Asteraceae
Woodland burdock, (Arctium nemorosum) | Arctiopicrin | Asteraceae
Woolly burdock, (Arctium tomentosum | Arctiopicrin | Asteraceae
Marguerite, (Argyranthemem marguerite), dill daisy, Canary Islands, Asteraceae
Argyranthemum frutescens, Federation Daisy, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Horseradish, (Armoracia rusticana), red cole, spoonwort, perennial, garden herb, hardy plant, up to 50 cm, white flowers, spicy roots, grows well, but not in full shade or wet ground, roots will keep in the ground during winter so can be harvested as required, thick pungent rootstock, spicy root culinary uses, with shellfish, poultry, pork, beef, pungent when grated or ground dry root is rehydrated, fresh young leaves can be eaten raw or cooked or put in creamy sauce, but strong flavour so use in moderation, rich in, Vitamin C | and minerals, anti-oxidant, Myrosinase, good source of sulphur in the diet, herbal medicine, digestive tonic, gives temporary relief bronchial sinus, hay fever, relieves pain, soothes mucous membranes, Sinigrin glucosinolate, from separate crushed cells produce, Allyl isothiocyanate, distillation of horseradish produces volatile oil of mustard, synthetic mustard oil with a hot biting taste with a hint of sweetness, Glucocapparin, China, Brassicaceae.
Dried herb is sold as root powder.
If overdose of horseradish, to avoid drawing irritants into the lungs, breathe only in through the nose and out through the mouth.
Armoracia rusticaria, Horseradish, Daley's Fruit trees.
Mountain tobacco, (Arnica montana), mountain daisy, leopard's bane, perennial garden herb, single daisy-like flower from rosette of soft hairy leaves, up to 75 cm, no culinary use, do not consume, (arnica essential oil | Helenanin | Linolenic acid | Linoleic acid | Myristic acid | Palmitic acid | Thymol | (may cause allergic reactions so use with care) | Arnicolide | herbal medicine to treat bruising, muscle disorders, rheumatic pain, topical arnica cream for knee pain, internal irritant, anti-inflammatory, but do not use on broken skin, herbal tobacco but may be poisonous, Eurasia, North America, Asteraceae
The folk medicine called "arnica" is usually based on Arnica montana and is used for the treatment of bruises.
Arnica montana, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, Dried daisy-like flowers, used to treat sprains, bruises and dislocations
Dried herb is sold as flowers.
| Diosmetin | Isorhamnetin | Patuletin |
Chamisso arnica, (Arnica chamissonis), up to 60 cm, herbal medicine, use arnica cream treat used to treat alopecia hair loss and infused oil cream from flowers only on unbroken skin to treat bruising, e.g. black eye, North America, Asteraceae
Chamisso, (Arnica chamissonis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Lace flower, (Archidendron hendersonii), tulip siris, up to 18 m, ornamental small tree, up to 8 m, spreading crown, showy clusters of fluffy white flowers, showy twisted orange seed pods. sub-tropical rainforest, rare plant, Australia, Fabaceae
Cape laceflower, (Archidendron hirsutum), rainforest tree, broken roots smell like shallots, Australia, Fabaceae
Scarlet Bean, (Archidendron lucyi), woody pods red outside and orange inside, Australia, Fabaceae
Rose myrtle, (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri), Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Archirhodomyrtus beckleri, Rose myrtle, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Alexandra palm, (Archontophoenix alexandrae), Queensland, Arecaceae
Alexandra palm, Brisbane Trees
Bangalow palm, (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), Queensland, Arecaceae
Bangalow palm
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, Australian National Herbarium
Bearberry, (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), common bearberry, uva urzi, bear's grape, kinnikinnick, crowberry, foxberry, hog cranberry, meal berry, manzanita, Arbutin, Ursolic acid, herbal medicine, skin lightener, because prevents melanin formation, circumpolar regions. Russia, Ericaceae.
Dried herb is sold as leaves.
Shoebutton ardisis, (Ardisia elliptica), seashore ardisia, marlberry, many small black fruits like eyes of animals in the trees, herbal medicine, ornamental, invasive, Malaysia, Myrsinaceae
Marlberry, (Ardisia escalloniodes), glossy dark green leaves, white flowers, sweet smell, ornamental, Florida, Myrsinaceae
Marlberry, (Ardisia japonica) | Bergenin | toxic Chinese medicine, ornamental, China, Japan, Myrsinaceae
Queen palm, (Arecastrum romanzoffianum), very popular street palm, Brazil, Arecaceae
Arenga palm, (Arenga australascia), Australia, Arecaceae
Sugar palm, (Arenga pinnata), ejow, kaong, gomuti palm, kabung | Raphides | India, Arecaceae
Jaka, (Arenga undulatifolia), Borneo, Arecaceae
Langkap, (Arenga westerhoutii), Malaysia, Arecaceae
Argan oil tree, (Argania sideroxylon), Sapotaceae
Argan nut oil, (Argania spinosa), Morocco, Sapotaceae
Resorcinol
Jack-in-the-pulpit, (Arisaema triphyllum), raphides, North America, Araceae
Cobra lily, (Arisaema yamatense), raphides, China, Japan, Araceae
Birthwort, (Aristolochia clematitis), European birthwort, up to 70 cm, stalks from creeping rhizome, pale yellow-green long-stalked cordate leaves, yellow flowers, tube-like perianth like a lobster trap to catch flies to aid fertilization, green, pear-shaped fruit, flat triangular seeds, climbs up other plants, poisonous, causes kidney disorders, former herbal medicine, supposed to aid childbirth, Europe, Aristolochiaceae
Dutchman's pipe, (Aristolochia tagala), Indian birthwort | Aristolochic acid | Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochiaceae is the birthwort family, which has tubular flowers with unusual shapes.
Slender Dutchman's Pipe, (Aristolochia debilis) | Aristolochic acid | Chinese medicine, ma dou ling, Aristolochiaceae
Calico flower, (Aristolochia elegans), Aristolochiaceae
Dutchman's pipe, (Aristolochia grandiflora), shrubs and climbers, extraordinary shaped flowers, Brazil. Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia indica | Aristolindiquinone | Aristolochiaceae
Dutchman's pipe, (Aristolochia macrophylla), climber, North America, Aristolochiaceae
Virginian snake root, (Aristolochia serpentaria), serpentaria oil, Aristolochiaceae
Chilean wineberry, (Aristotelia chilensis), maquei, Chili, Elaeocarpaceae
Dried herb sold as freeze dried berry powder.
Elephant yam, (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius), elephant foot yam, giant arum, Araceae
Elephant Yam, Austalian National Herbarium
Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac), edible corm, devil's tongue, voodoo lily, snake palm, contains dietary fibre glucomannam (C24H42O21) said to control body weight, China, Araceae
Red chokeberry, (Aronia arbutifolia), North America, Rosaceae
Black chokeberry, (Aronia melanocarpa), leaves and berry skin highest concentration of : | Anthocyanins | North America, Rosaceae
Purple chokeberry, (Aronia prunifolia), North America, Rosaceae
Booyong, (Argyrodendron trifoliatum), brown tulip oak, stavewood, up to 40 m, fissured scaly brown to grey bark, brown fruit, scaly samara seed with thin silvery-brown wings, dark green above and silvery below trifoliate leaves, in subtropical and dry rainforests, Australia, Malvaceae
Bearded flower shrub, (Artanema fimbriatum), koala bells, short-lived perennial herb, up to 60 cm erect stems, dark green opposite leaves, raceme inflorescence, purple to blue flowers, used for hanging basket or rockery, Australia, Linderniaceae
Ylang-ylang vine, (Artabotrys hexapetalus), climbing ylang ylang vine, ilang-ilang, flowers from stem emerge as hook-like green structures, long-lasting fruity evening fragrance, ylang-ylang oil, India, South China, Java, Annonaceae
Southernwood, (Artemisia abrotanum), southern wormwood, old man, lad's love, perennial, finely divided leaves with lemon scent, up to 1 metre, companion plant, garden spray, culinary uses, pungent smell, used as a bitters, Asteraceae
Artemisia abrotanum, Southernwood, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Artemisia species: | Achillin | Camphor | Cichoriin | Desacetoxymatricarin | Chlorogenic acid | Naringenin | Santamarin | Santonin | Scopolin | Vulgarin | See diagram: Artemisia.
Wormwood, (Artemisia absinthium), absinthe plant, common wormwood, grand wormwood, sage brush, Dian's bud, sand sage, Roman wormwood, green ginger, armoise, perennial, up to 50 cm, grey leaves, garden spray, companion plant, sachets in cupboards to deter moths, extremely bitter, flavours absinthe and vermouth, terpenoid compound thujone in wormwood, (used in green aniseed-flavoured liqueur absinthe) | Absinthin | Artabsin | Artemisinin | Chamazulene | Sesartemin | Thujone | Yangambin | herbal medicine, but use with care, for stomach upsets, expelling parasitic worms, indigestion, former febrifuge, ornamental, Asteraceae
Artemisia absinthium, Wormwood, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb, Artemisia absinthium, is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Woolly Wormwood, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
African wormwood, (Artemisia afra), African sagebush, lanyana, wild eals, perennial, up to 1 metre, fragrant ferny foliage | Scopoletin | Asteraceae
Annual wormwood, (Artemisia annua), sweet wormwood, Chinese wormwood, sweet sagewort, sweet annie, quing hao | Coumarin | Flavones | flavonols | phenolic acids | Artemisinin | quing hausau, (C15H22O5) | Asteraceae
Dried herb, Artemisia annua, is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Little sagebush, (Artemisia arbuscula) | Arbusculin A | Asteraceae
Tree wormwood, (Artemisia arborescens), silky, grey lacy aromatic leaves, shrub, repels insects, Asteraceae
Silver sagebush, (Artemisia cana) | Artecanin | Canin | Ridentin | Viscidulin B | Asteraceae
Caruth sagebush, (Artemisia caruthii) | Matricin | Asteraceae
Tarragon, (Artemisia dracunculus), silky wormwood, estragon, sweet tarragon, French tarragon, Russian tarragon, small dragon, perennial herb, easy to grow, but from cuttings not seeds, drought hardy, up to 60 cm, small narrow glossy leaves, store in freezer, aromatic aniseed-like, full flavour, culinary uses, with chicken, fish, egg dishes, vegetables, narrow aromatic leaves used to prepare Béarnaise sauce, flavour salads, soups, can be infused in oils and vinegar, tarragon vinegar, hollandaise sauce, tartar sauce, rich in vitamin C so used as former anti-scurvy plant, Southern Europe | Estragole | Limonene | Myrcene | Phellandrene | Pinene | herbal medicine, Siberia, Asteraceae
Artemesia dracunculus, French Tarragon, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Fringed sagebush, (Artemisia frigida), ("Wormwood frigida"), frigida wormwood, perennial with woody base, aromatic small shrub, up to 50 cm, grey-green feather-like leaves, drought resistant, herbal medicine, widespread species, Asteraceae
Artemisia frigida, Wormwood frigids, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Black genipi, (Artemisia genipi), used with other Artemisia to make genipi herbal liqueur, Europe, Asteraceae
White wormwood, (Artemisia herba-alba), herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Judaen wormwood, (Artemisia judaica) | Vulgarin | Asteraceae
White mugwort, (Artemisia lactiflora), up to 2m, toothed, light green leaves, ornamental varieties, Asteraceae
Gray sagewort, (Artemisia ludoviciana), prairie sage, white sagebrush, Louisiana-sage, western-sage, Mexican sagewort, silver wormwood | Arteglasin A | Asteraceae
Sea wormwood, (Artemisia maritima), absinthe de mer, Levant wormseed | Artemisin | Cineole | Asteraceae
Dhavanam, (Artemisia pallens), grown for its fragrant leaves and flowers, davana oil, Asteraceae
Roman wormwood, (Artemisia pontica), green-ginger, small absinthe, feathery foliage, strong spicy smell, Asteraceae
Roman Wormwood, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Powis Castle wormwood, (Artemisia 'Powis Castle'), Asteraceae
Powis Castle Wormwood, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Korean wormwood, (Artemisia princeps), traditional Korean cooking, herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Redstem wormwood, (Artemisia scoparia), virgate wormwood, many chemical constituents | Scoparone | Asteraceae
Tauric wormwood, (Artemisia taurica), common mugwort, common wormwood | Vulgarin | Asteraceae, North America, Asteraceae
Tilesius' wormwood, (Artemisia tilesii), Aleutian mugwort, stinkweed, perennial, up to 80 cm, yellow flowers, tough rhizome, aromatic pleasant odour, traditional native medicine, used by Eskimos to treat fevers, skin infections and joint pains, smell of fish, Russia, Japan, North America, Asteraceae
Big sagebush, (Artemisia tridentata), common sagebush, aromatic desert shrub | Camphor | Arbusculin A | Ridentin | pungent when wet, North America, Asteraceae
Chinese mugwort, (Artemisia verlotorum), tree mugwort, "Mugwort-Tree", perennial, more than 2 metres high, rhizomes, strongly stoloniferous, light green leaves, aromatic, 2n = 48 drought hardy plants, used as windbreaks, worming animals, bee forage, mulch | Artemorin | herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Mugwort-Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Mugwort, (Artemisia vulgaris), common mugwort, common wormwood, "Ai", perennial, hardy plant, 2n = 16 | Borneol | Camphor | Cineole | Linalool | Vulgarin | Dehydromatricaria ester | Chinese herbal medicine, antiseptic, leaves used to treat nausea, temporary relief of pain, cramps, shredded artemisia called moxa is burnt, (moxibustion), near the body for local heating, culinary uses, Australia, Asteraceae
Mugwort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb , Mugwort, is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Coogera, (Arytera divaricata), gap axe, rose tamarind, up to 35 m, attractive foliage, used for cut timber and very large ornamental, littoral rainforest, Australia, Sapindaceae
Vanilla lily, (Arthropodium milleflorum), rock lily, pale vanilla lilly, Australian native food, Liliaceae
Arthropodium, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Chocolate lily, (Arthropodium strictum), grassy-leafed lily, to 0.8 m, shade tolerant, chocolate-scented mauve flowers, edible underground tubers eaten raw or roasted, Australian native food, Liliaceae
Arthropodium strictum, Tucker Bush
Wild aster, (Aster subulatus), erect, many branched and spindly, up to 1.8 m tall, small leaves, small flowers, wind blown seeds with fluffy parachutes, wetlands. environmental weed, Asteraceae
Italian Aster, (Aster amellus), ornamental, star-shaped deep violet flowers, Asteraceae
Alpine aster, (Aster alpinus), Europe and North America, Asteraceae
Large flower aster, (Aster grandiflorus), ornamental, star-shaped flower heads, North America, Asteraceae
Atemoya, hybrid: (Acacia squamosa x Acacia cherimoya), not "custard apple", small tree, deciduous, fast growing, fruit, large, smooth to segmented, soft white flesh, sweet, used fresh, drink, ice cream, propagation from grafting, Tropical America, Annonaceae
Custard Apple, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Hawaiian baby woodrose, (Argyreia nervosa), woolly morning glory, perennial, magnificent climber beautiful heart-shaped, velvety leaves, ideal pressed for crafts and for gift cards, herbal medicine, and euphoric uses, Convolvulaceae.
Coogera, (Artera divaricata), Australia
Summit cedar, (Athrotaxis laxifolia), (very large redwood with spongy red bark), Cupressaceae
Laceleaf, (Arthurium andraeanum), houseplant, Araceae
Tree of glory, (Artocarpus anisophyllus), bintawa, entawa, entawak, keladang babi, to 45 m tall with buttress, small rounded yellow-brown fruit, red edible aril, Sarawak, Moraceae
Breadfruit Project (Artocarpus altilis), Moraceae
Breadnut, (Artocarpus camansi), Moraceae
Jackfruit, (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Moraceae
Badak, (Artocarpus dadah), beruni, tempinis, edible fruit, bark for rope, wood for houses, Papua New Guinea, Moraceae
Artocarpus heterophyllus, jackfruit, (jakfruit), Moraceae
Artocarpus heterophyllus, Jakfruit, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Kwai muk, (Artocarpus hypargyreus), small tree, evergreen, slow growing, good ornamental, slow to fruit which is small, round, yellow, used fresh, propagation from seeds, South China, Moraceae
Artocarpus hypeus, Kwai Muk, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Chempedak, (Artocarpus integer), cempedak, strong rich smell, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Moraceae
Artocarpus integer, Chempedak, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Monkey fruit, (Artocarpus lakoocha), lakoocha, herbal medicine, India, Moraceae
Artocarpus lakoocha, Monkey Fruit, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Keledong, (Artocarpus lancefolius), evergreen, orange fruit, valuable timber, Indonesia, Malaysia.
Dugdug, (Artocarpus mariannensis), seeded breadfruit, marianas bread, Mariana Islands and Guam.
Marang, (Artocarpus odoratissimus), terap, johey oak, morangbaum, Borneo, Palawan, Mindanao Island, Moraceae
Artocarpus odoratissimus, Marang, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Arum lily, (Arum maculatum), arum, cuckoo pint, lords and ladies, priest-in-the-pulpit, poisonous raphides, tuberous perennial herbs, (not "arum lily", Zantedeschia), Araceae
Arum species are called "arum lilies", all parts poisonous.
Spanish cane, (Arundo donax), Colorado river reed, tall carrizo, giant cane, giant reed, wild cane, perennial | Bufotenine | Gramine | Mediterranean, Poaceae
Canadian snakeroot, (Asarum canadense), wild ginger, Indian ginger, abortifacient, herbal medicine, Canada, USA, Aristolochiaceae
Asarum species are called wild gingers, because rhizome tastes like ginger, birthwort family, Aristolochiaceae
Assarabacca, (Asarum europaeum), European wild ginger, creeping perennial, emetic, Europe, Aristolochiaceae
Heart-leaf ginger, (Asarum virginicum), little brown jug, low evergreen, purple flowers, USA, native American folk medicine, Aristolochiaceae
Milkweed, (Asclepias fructicosa), African milkweed, broadleaf milk weed, butterfly milk weed, swan plant, herbaceous perennial, herbal medicine, treat pleurisy root, fibre used by Red Indians, bitter poisonous sap, steroid glycosides, South Africa, New Zealand, Apocynaceae
See diagram Asclepias fructicosa, (Gomphocarpus fructicosus)
Spider milkweed, (Asclepias asperula), antelope-horns, green-flowered milkweed, antelope horns, poisonous | Cardiac glycosides | Aspecioside | North America.
Bloodflower, (Asclepias curassavica), tropical milkweed, Mexican butterfly weed, poisonous sap, calotropin, herbal medicine, expectorant and diuretic, ornamental, Apocynaceae
Common milkweed, (Asclepias syriaca), milkweed, broken parts leak white latex | Nicotine | Aspecioside | Vaccenic acid | Canada, Apocynaceae
Butterfly milkweed, (Asclepias tuberosa), pleurisy root, yellow milkweed, chiggerflower, up to 1 m, hairy stems not milky when broken | | North America, Apocynaceae
Dried herb is sold as root.
See diagram Butterfly weed, (Photo by Derek Ramsey).
Ascophyllum nodosum, Rockweed, Fucaceae
North American pawpaw, (Asimina triloba), American pawpaw, "common pawpaw", large edible fruit | Annolobine | Asimicin | Eastern North America, Annonaceae
See diagram: Asimina triloba, (In Australia, Carica papaya is called a "pawpaw".)
Asimina triloba, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Rooibos, (Aspalathus linearis), green rooibos, green bosch, rooibos tea, Linalool, Safranal, South Africa, Fabaceae.
Dried herb is sold as "Original Rooibos tea, Caffeine free", leaves.
Harpoon weed, (Asparagopsis armata), red algae, Division Rhodophyta, Class Florideophyceae, Family Bonnemaisoniaceae
potential of (Asparagopsis armata) as an eco-friendly biopesticide.
Brominated halogenated compounds are secondary compounds have antimicrobial properties, with halogenated compounds being highly effective in inhibiting coenzyme M during methanogenesis.
These toxic compounds are synthesized and stored in vacuoles within gland cells including various compounds, mainly bromoform and smaller quantities of other bromine-, iodine-, and chlorine-containing acetaldehydes, 2-acetoxypropanes, acroleins, propenes, epoxypropanes, and butenones.
Red sea plume, (Asparagopsis taxiformis) produces great quantities of organohalides, including | Bromoform, | and the "smell" of the sea, algae, Chlorophyta.
Invasive seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis) erodes the habitat structure and biodiversity of native algal forests in the Mediterranean Sea.
The two most invasive seaweeds in near the Iberian Peninsula and nearby offshore Atlantic islands are (Asparagopsis taxiformis) and (Asparagopsis armata).
They are native to southern Australia and New Zealand and may have spread to the Northern Hemisphere through the Mediterranean sea, because they are highly invasive.
Cows and sheep fed small amounts of the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis produce virtually no methane during digestion.
Adding around 5g of Asparagopsis seaweed per kg of dry feed matter lowers methane emissions by over 80%
Basket asparagus fern, (Asparagus aethiopicus), asparagus weed, ground asparagus, invasive, South Africa, Asparagaceae
Climbing asparagus fern, (Asparagus africanus), garden plant, invasive, southern Africa, Asparagaceae
Safed musil, (Asparagus adscendens), folk medicine, sexual disorders, libido, sperm count, stimulates insulin, aphrodisiac, India, Asparagaceae
Bridal creeper, (Asparagus asparagoides), invasive, Asparagaceae
Asparagus fern, (Asparagus densiflorus), large green "leaves" are cladophylls, small white-pink flowers, red berries, (houseplant), South Africa, Asparagaceae
Plants called "asparagus fern" are not ferns, (Class Polypodiopsida).
Climbing asparagus, (Asparagus scandens), snake feather, twining environmental invasive plant, southern Africa, Asparagaceae
Common asparagus fern, (Asparagus setaceus), (houseplant), South Africa, Asparagaceae
Feathered asparagus fern, (Asparagus plumosus), asparagus plumose fern, perennial vine or herb, from a rhizome or tuber, pink-white to white flowers, leaf-like foliage is a cladode, leaves reduced to scales, ornamental plant used for cut foliage, environmental weed, not a true fern, southern Africa, Asparagaceae
Asparagus, (Asparagus officinalis, var. Mary Washington), garden asparagus, sparrow grass, shoots used as spring vegetable, perennial, up to 1 metre, hardy plant, deciduous, deep loose soil, companion plant, culinary uses, spring table vegetable, delicious and nutritious, eaten raw, tastes like fresh green peas, used cooked | Arginine| Asparagine | Asparagoside A | Officinalisinin, C45H76O29 | Yamogenin | medicine, high nutritional value, berries poisonous, Asparagaceae
Asparagus, 'Mary Washington', Asparagus officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below
Asparagus officinalis, Asparagus, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Wild asparagus, (Asparagus racemosus), "Shatavari", cladodes like pine needles, tiny white flowers, tuberous roots used for widely-used traditional Ayurvedic herbal medicine, stomach problems, improve breast milk, tonic for uterus, premenstrual syndrome, India, Asparagaceae
Dried herb is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Asparagus, 'Mary Washington', Asparagus officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Asparagus officinalis, Asparagus, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Asphodel , (Asphodelus aestivus), common asphodel, summer asphodel, lily-like appearance, spear-shaped leaves, symbol of the afterlife, associated with funerals, Asphodelaceae
Common white asphodel, (Asphodelus albus), used for cut flowers, Asphodelaceae
Onionweed, (Asphodelus fistulosus), annual or biennial, up to 0.6 m, onion-like leaves but no onion smell, edible vegetable, but stock ignore it, diuretic seed applied externally to ulcers | Linoleic acid | cereal crop and rangeland weed, southern Europe to India, Asphodelaceae
(Asperula squinancy), wood ruffe, quinsy wort, squinancy wort, sweet wood ruffe, small wood ruff, herbal medicine supposed to cure quinsy, Rubiaceae
Cast iron plant, (Aspidistra elatior), bar room plant, evergreen, dark green leaves, up to 60 cm long, grow from soil level, also small purple flowers, hardy plant, houseplant, JAPAN, Asparagaceae
White quebracho, (Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco), kebrako, white quebracho, alkaloids, folk medicine for asthma and lower respiratory tract problems, South America, Apocynaceae
Peroba rose, (Aspidosperma peroba), timber tree, suited for general construction work, used for fine furniture and decorative veneers, South America, Apocynaceae
False baeckea, (Astartea fiscicularis), scrub whitewood, Australia, Myrtaceae
Tragacanth, (Astragalus gummifer), gum tragacanth, milkvetch, goat's thorn, locoweed, (E413) Gum tragacanth, herbal medicine, western Asia, Fabaceae.
Mongolian milkvetch, (Astragalus membranaceus), huang qi, astragalus root milk vetch, goat's thorn, Syrian tragacanth, gum dragon, southernwood, man's tree, boy's love, field southernwood, Astragaloside, "Lectranal" dietary supplement, Chinese folk medicine, circulation and heart disorders, anti-stress "adaptogen", China, Fabaceae.
Astragalus membranaceus, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as root powder.
Woolly locoweed, (Astragalus mollissimus), stagger weed | Miserotoxin | Swainsonine | Locoine | causes locoweed poisoning of cattle, North America, Fabaceae.
Astragale de Marseille, (Astragalus tragantha), coussin-de-belle-mere, goat's thorn, grows near beaches, white flowers with purple tinges, produces natural gum tragacanth for pharmaceuticals, Mediterranean region, Fabaceae.
Native cranberry, (Astroloma humifusum), cranberry heath, flame heath, small shrub, dense spreading mat plant, used for rockeries, sweet fruits were an Australian native food, Epacridaceae
Veiny whitewood, (Atalaya rigida), whipstick whitewood, up to 15 m, few branches, flexible "whippy" top, big leaves with prominent veins, white flowers, dry schizocarp, dry rainforests, Australia, Sapindaceae
Atalaya rigida, whipstick whitewood, Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
Brush whitewood, (Atalaya salicifolia), scrub whitewood, up to 15 m, white flowers, winged seeds, dry rainforests, Australia, Sapindaceae
Atherton oak, (Athertonia diversifolia), creamy silky oak, rainforest tree, up to 10 m, ornamental, large edible nut, feature tree for parks and larger landscaping areas, Australian native food, Proteaceae
Athertonia diversifolia, Atherton Oak, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Native gardenia, (Atractocarpus fitzalanii), brown gardenia, yellow mangosteen, spiney gardenia, up to 6 m, up to 4 m wide, small highly fragrant star-shaped flowers, glossy evergreen foliage, large yellow-brown hard-shelled edible tasty fruit ready to eat when soft, many small white seeds, fragrant star-shaped flowers, in partly-shaded warm moist environment, Australian native food, Rubiaceae
See diagram, Atractocarpus fitzalanii.
Atractocarpus fitzalanii, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Atractocarpus fitzalanii, Tucker Bush
Narrow-leaved gardenia, (Atractocarpus chartaceus), narrow leaf gardenia, Australia, Asteraceae
Atractylis, (Atractylodes lancea) | beta-eudesmol | "black Atractylodes", rhizome is cang zhu, Chinese herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Scopoletin, (Atractylodes macrocephala), "white Atractylodes" rhizome is bai zhi, Chinese herbal medicine, digestion disorders, do not consume if taking anti-diabetic medications, Asteraceae
Saltbush, (Atriplex nummularia), old man saltbush, retains salt in the leaves, up to 3 m high, alternate edible grey-green leaves are rich in protein, eat grubs in roots, leaves eaten raw or roasted, herbal medicine, leaves and roots mashed and boiled with water, bathe skin sores wounds and burns, settlers drank same decoction to treat scurvy, fire retardant plant, fodder for sheep and cattle, grown on scalded land that does not grow good pasture any more, Australian native food, Amaranthaceae
See diagram, Old man saltbush
Atriplex nummularia, Saltbush, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Coastal saltbush, (Atriplex cinerea), grey saltbush, barilla, truganini, leaves edible if cooked, former common pot-herb, succulent taste like sage, 1- 2m high, silver-grey lance-shaped leaves, cream flowers, used for salty, herb flavour like spinach leaves, dried as a salt substitute, fire
retardant plant, fodder for sheep and cattle | Amaranthin | Australian native food, Amaranthaceae
Atriplex cinerea, Coastal saltbush, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Atriplex, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Orache, (Atriplex hortensis), red orache, arrach, garden orache, French spinach, mountain spinach, in soups and salad vegetable in France, ornamental, coloured variants, herbal medicine, treat sore throat and shrubs, alternative to spinach, Europe, now most regions, Amaranthaceae
Deadly nightshade, (Atropa belladonna), "belladonna", dwale, fair lady, European mandrake, leaves and fruit poisonous, perennial, herbaceous plant, herbal medicine | Scopolamine | Anisodamine | used to produce | Atropine | formerly used for poisoned arrows, used to dilate pupil of eyes for female allurement, (Italian bella donna beautiful lady), Europe, Asia, North America, Solanaceae
Cohune palm, (Attalea cohune), corozo palm, manaca palm, cohune oil, fibre, Mexico, Central America, Arecaceae
Spotted laurel, (Aucuba japonica), houseplant, Garryaceae
Rock madwort, (Aurinia saxatilis), basket of gold, small evergreen perennial, yellow flowers, white to gold cultivars, Brassicaceae
Midgen berry, (Austromyrtus dulcis), midyim berrylow straggly, highly ornamental shrub producing one of the best edible native fruits.
Pink and silky young leaves about 2 cm long, white flowers are borne singly in the leaf axils, pale lilac or almost white with darker purple flecks currant-like fruits, aromatic delicious pulp, very soft skin, small seeds small, prolific fruiting plant, easy to grow from seed.
Up to 2 m, shrub, full sun and part shade, needs moist. but well-drained soil, frost tolerant, fire retardant, decorative, attracts birds, edible berries said to be tastiest wild fruit, aromatic pulp, spectacular white fruit with blue spots, slight ginger flavour, Australian native food, Myrtaceae.
See diagram, Midyim.
Midgen berry, Australian National Herbarium
Austromyrtus dulcis, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Austromyrtus dulcis x tenuifolia, Midyim, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Austromyrtus dulcis, Tucker Bush
Blood vine, (Austrosteenisia blackii), tall woody liana, dry rainforest, dark red sap, dark red pea-like flowers, dry papery fruits, kidney-shaped seeds, used as groundcover, Australia, Fabaceae
See diagram: Blood vine.
Mangrove, (Avicennia officinalis), api api ludat, Indian mangrove, up to 15 m, yellow-green to brown-grey smooth bark with lenticels, thin pencil-like pneumatophore, aerial stilt roots, yellow bisexual flowers, mango-shaped yellow-green capsule containing one seed, in tidal swamps, folk medicine | anti-inflammatory alkaloids | Verbenaceae
Grey mangrove, (Avicennia marina), grey mangrove, in intertidal zones on soft muds to sandy soils, up to 25 m high, large trunk with light grey finely fissured bark and a spreading leafy crown, oval pointed leaves and arranged opposite on the stems, small yellow flowers, many spongy pencil-like pneumatophores from the base of the trunk pale green flattened fruits, seeds germinate while attached to the tree, can withstand short periods of inundation by freshwater or hypersaline water, used to stabilise river banks and channels, buffering storm surges and wind. in Brisbane City Botanic Gardens, Australian native food and used for shields and boat building,, Verbenaceae
Grey mangrove, DAF
River Mangrove, (Aegicerus corniculatum), in Brisbane City Botanic Gardens, small white flowers, understory to white mangrove, Queensland, Primulaceae
Areca palm, (Areca catechu), betel nut palm, pinang palm, up to 20 m, large compound leaves, small male and female flowers in same bunch, oval fruits, areca nuts, have layer of husk around a single seed, orange ripe fruit is called a "betel nut", the kernel of this seed is chewed with a wrap of leaves of "betel" pepper, (Betel pepper) and lime.
Areca nuts contain: | Arecaidine | Arecoline | Chavicol | Choline | Gallic acid | Guvacine | Safrole | Tannic acid | herbal medicine, root decoction for stomach ailments, nut decoction for diarrhoea, Philippines, South East Asia, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
Masticatory quid called a "paan", which may be antidepressant, but addictive and cause mouth cancers. (paan = Betel leaf, + nut of Areca catechu), tropical countries, Arecaceae.
Areca catechu, Betel Nut, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Oat, (Avena sativa), oats, wild oat, red oat, oatstraw herb, annual grass | Avenacin A-1 and B-2 | Avenacoside A and B | Avenanthramide A | Avenasterol | Nuatigenin | Spermidine | Victorin C | herbal medicine, edible grain, agar block on decapitated Avena coleoptile, source of plant growth hormone, oatstraw, (oat straw) as a herb is suitable for herbal infusion, used as a general tonic, Poaceae
Dried herb is sold as oatstraw aerials.
Neem tree, (Azadirachta indica), margosa, nimba, perennial, herbal medicine, seeds and leaves as an azadirechtin insecticide for contact and ingestion control, neem oil, natural toothbrush, India, Meliaceae
Dried herb is sold as leaves.
See diagram: Neem tree.
Neem Tree, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery

Peanuts experiments, Arachis hypogaea
Aflotoxin
Peanut, groundnut, (Arachis hypogaea), Fabaceae
Arachidic acid (icosanoic acid), C19H39COOH, CH3(CH2)18COOH, (in peanut oil)
Arachis oil (peanut oil), fixed oil, non-volatile oil
Classification of fats: 19.2.1.2
Composition of edible oils: 19.2.11
Cooking fats: 19.1.17
Energy from peanuts: 9.6.17.1
Electrical conductivity of liquids: 3.60 (Peanut oil)
Food allergies and intolerances, "hyperactive": 19.2.0 (See: 5. Oil allergy)
Fatty acids in oils of natural products: 17.6
Lectins: 16.3.17
Lipids, fats and oils, fatty acids, glycerides: 16.3.3.0
Microbial contamination of food: 19.3.11
Peanut, (Arachis hypogaea), groundnuts, Fabaceae
Peanuts, groundnuts: 5.4.1 (care and harvest)
Pod is a dry fruit that opens on two sides to let the seeds out, e.g. legume(cowpea, wing bean, peanut).
Separate by solvent extraction of oil from peanuts: 10.12.1