School Science Lessons
Biology
2026-01-04

Genus names A, (Abelia to Anisoptera)

Contents

Acacia, (Acacia species) Aibika (Abelmoschus manihot)
Agave, (Agave attenuata) Agrimony, (Agrimonia eupatoria)
Alkanet, (Alkanna tinctoria) Alder tree, (Alnus glutinosa)
Allamanda, (Allamanda cathartica) Alligator weed, (Alternanthera phylloxeroides)
Alyce clove, (Alysicarpus vaginalis) Amborella, (Amborella trichopoda)
American jointvetch, (Aeschynomene americana) Autumn adonis, (Adonis annua)
Angelica, (Angelica archangelica) Bael tree, (Aegle marmelos)
Balsam torchwood, (Amyris balsamifera) Baobab tree, (Adansonia gregorii)
Barbados aloe, (Aloe vera) Basil thyme, (Acinos arvensis)
Beach bird's-eye, (Alectryon coriaceus) Bear's breeches, (Acanthus mollis)
Billygoat-weed, (Ageratum conyzoides) Black cardamom, (Amomum costatum)
Black cohosh, (Actaea racemosa) Boodyarra, (Aglaia brownii)
Buchu, (Agathosma betulina) Bugle, (Ajuga reptans)
Bugloss, (Anchusa officinalis) Candelabra aloe, (Aloe candelabra)
Candlenut, (Aleurites moluccanus) Cape aloe, (Aloe ferox)
Cashew nut tree, (Anacardium occidentale) Century plant, (Agave americana)
Chainfruit, (Alyxia ruscifolia) Chenille plant, (Acalpha hispida
Cooper's glandweed, (Adenophyllum cooperi) Corpse flower, (Amorphophallus titanum)
Couch grass, (Agropyron repens) Coyure palm, (Aiphanes horrida)
Crofton weed, (Ageratina adenophora) Dill, (Anethum graveolens)
Flamingo bells, (Aceratium ferrigineum) Flannel flower, (Actinotus helanthi)
Galangal, (Alpinia galanga) Gamba grass, (Andropogon gayanus)
Garlic, (Allium sativum) Garlic mustard, (Alliaria petiolata)
Giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhizos) Glossy abelia, (Abelia x grandiflora)
Herb gerard, (Aegopodium podagrarium) Hollyhock, (Alcea rosea)
Horse chestnut, (Aesculus hippocastanum) Hummingbird mint, (Agastache aurantiaca)
Indian berry, (Anamirta cocculus) Jequirity bean, (Abrus precatorius)
Kangaroo paw, (Anigozanthos flavidus) King of bitters, (Andrographis paniculata)
Kiwi fruit, (Actinidia deliciosa) Konjac, (Amorphophallus konjac)
Lady's mantle, (Alchemilla vulgaris) Lebbeck tree, (Albizia lebbeck)
Lemon verbena, (Aloysia citrodora) Lemon aspen, (Acronychia acidula)
Lily-of-the-Nile, (Agapanthus praecox) Love-lies-bleeding, (Amaranthus caudatus)
Madwort, (Alyssium saxatille) Maple, (Acer campestre)
Marram grass, (Ammophila arenana) Marshmallow, (Althaea officinalis)
Mersawa durian, (Anisoptera laevis) Monkshood, (Aconitum napellus)
Moschatel, (Adoxa moschatellina) Mountain henbane, (Anisodus tanguticus)
Mountain bells, (Agapetes meiniana) Native currant, (Acrotriche depressa)
Native grape, (Ampelocissus acetosa) Native ginger, (Alpinia caerulea)
Native hibiscus, (Alyogyne huegelii) Okra, (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Pasqueflower, (Anemone pulsatilla L) Pellitory, (Anacyclus pyrethrum)
Peruvian lily, (Alstroemeria aurea) Peyote cactus, (Anhalonium lewinii)
Pimpernel, (Lysimachia arvensis) Pineapple, (Ananas comosus)
Ragweed, (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) River Mangrove, (Aegicerus corniculatum)
Seed of heaven, (Aframomum melegueta) Serviceberry, (Amelanchier alnifolia)
She-oaks, (Allocasuarina species) Soap tree, (Alphitonia excelsa)
Sticky daisy, (Adenostemma lavenia) Stinking bean trefoil, (Anagyris foetida)
Sweet flag, (Acorus calamus) Sydney red gum, (Angophora costata)
Tarweed, (Amsinckia intermedia) Tiup-tiup, (Adinandra dumosa)
Toothache plant, (Acmella oleracea) Trail plant, (Adenocaulon bicolor)
Tree of heaven, (Ailanthus altissima) Tree waratah, (Alloxylon flammeum)
Turnipwood, (Akania bidwillii) Vilca, (Anadenanthera colubrina)
White cheesewood, (Alstonia scholaris) Willow myrtle, (Agonis reflexuosa)
Woolly bush, (Adenanthos sericeus) Yarrow, (Achillea millefolium)
Glossy abelia, (Abelia x grandiflora), (hybrid: Abelia chinensis x Abelia uniflora), many cultivars, deciduous, evergreen shrub, up to 3 m, glossy green foliage, pink flowers, garden plant and hedging plant, Caprifoliaceae.

Okra, (Abelmoschus esculentus), lady's finger, gumbo
It is a perennial, with musk-scented seeds, folk medicine, Asia, Africa tropics, Malvaceae
Okra is popular in the US, especially the state of Louisiana, where cooked okra is used as a thickener in the dish called gumbo.
See diagram: Okra
Aibika (Abelmoschus manihot), hibiscus cabbage, musk mallow, Pacific cabbage, "Queensland greens", bele, pele, kabis
It is a, hardy plant, 2 m+, leaves 29% protein, use raw and cooked, used in salad, meat and savoury dishes, folk medicine, high nutritional value, Malvaceae
Musk mallow, (Abelmoschus moschatus), abelmosk, moschatus, musk okra, native rosella, annual hibiscus, ambrette seed, ornamental okra, rose mallow, tropical jewel hibiscus, Egyptian alcee
It is a target-leaved hibiscus, aromatic, perennial herb, up to 2 m, eat pods, leaves and new shoots, essential oil, ambrette seed oil, musk seed oil, musky amber It is used as a folk medicine, aphrodisiac, laxative, and treat hormone imbalance.
It is used to flavour coffee, perfume hair and pillows, infusions, root mucilage, ornamental, India, Malvaceae
Native rosella, (Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. 'tuberosus'), in South-east Asia, and northern Australia, in seasonally wet areas, flowers last for one day only, musk-scented seeds, leaves, shoots and tuberous roots are eaten raw or cooked, emulsion from seeds is used as breath sweetener, insecticide, relieves itching when mixed with milk, Australian native food, Malvaceae.
Abelmoschus moschatus, Native rosella, Anpsa

Jequirity bean, (Abrus precatorius), crab's eye, rosary pea, akar saga, jumbie bead, gidgee-gidgee, precatory bean, wild liquorice, climber, seeds used as beads, damaged seeds are extremely toxic | Abrin | folk medicine, India, Fabaceae.
Abrin
Abrin occurs in the the rosary pea (jequirity pea), (Abrus precatorius) Abrin, acts as a ribosome-inhibiting protein (RIP) and is a lethal poison.
It is a yellow-white powder and is soluble in solutions of sodium chloride, usually with turbidity.
Toxic proteins of abrin are resistant to digestive enzymes but are destroyed in cooking.
The toxic portion is heat stable to 60 °C for 30 minutes, but at 80 °C most of the toxicity is lost in 30 minutes.
Hazardous polymerization will not occur and it is stable in the environment.
Abrin-a, 1 of the 4 isoabrins from a plant, has the highest inhibitory effect on protein synthesis.
It consists of an A chain of 250 amino acids and a B chain of 267 amino acids.

Acacia, (Acacia species), Wattle, (Australian English), is the edible seed from many species of Acacia, some used for commercial production of wattleseed flour with low glycemic index for diabetics, and for bush bread, sauces and deserts, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Harvest wattleseed from (Acacia aneura) and other Acacia species.
Acacia name conserved, Australian National Herbarium
Wattle, wattles, Australian National Herbarium

Jam wattle, (Acacia acuminata), mangart, raspberry-jam wattle, understory shrub in semi-arid open forest, up to 7 m, green phyllodes with long point, clusters of yellow flowers on cylindrical spikes, long brown seed pods, edible seeds and orange resin, hardwood smells like raspberries, Australian native food, tolerant of drought and salt, Australia, Fabaceae

Mulga wattle, (Acacia aneura), acacia gum, wild gum, widely distributed, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Acacia aneura, Australian National Herbarium
Wattle, acacia wattle, wattle, gum arabic, tannin bark, gum arabic, tannins, balsams, resins, seedlings have pinnate leaves replaced in older plants by phyllodes, i.e. green flattened petioles, leaf base for pulvinus to turn lamina, Australia, South Africa, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae

White ball acacia, (Acacia angustissima), fern acacia, prairie acacia, thornless shrub, up to 7 m, single short trunk, bipinnate leaves, leaf stalks and leaf branchlets covered with of soft hairs, white flowers in globular clusters, flat, thin-walled pods, circular seeds about 3.2 mm across, invasive, forms dense thorny thickets, root used to produce drink pulque in Mexico, Mexico. Fabaceae

Ear leaf wattle, (Acacia auriculiformis), ear-pod wattle, northern black wattle, up to 30 m, gnarled trunk, fissured bark, dense foliage, ear-shaped legume | Auriculocide, C22H26O10 | L-djenkolic acid, C7H14N2O4S2 | Proacacipetalin C11H17NO6 | used for firewood, timber, shade tree, Fabaceae

Bower wattle (Acacia cognata), river wattle, up to 10 m, dry sclerophyll forest, linear slightly curved phyllodes 10 cm long and 0.4 cm wide, with sticky resin glands, very small pale lemon staminate flowers, flat pods, dwarf cultivars popular, Fabaceae

Wirewood, (Acacia coriacea), desert oak, river jam, wiry wattle, upright tree, up to 10 m. linear leathery leaves, silvery grey foliage, yellow globular flowers, twisted knobbly large seed pods, Australian native food, an indigenous wattleseed, used in commercial bread in Darwin.
The dried seeds, about 20% protein, are roasted, ground into a paste and then eaten and the immature green seeds can be cooked and eaten like garden peas.
A yellow dye is obtained from the flowers, a green dye is obtained from the seed pods, the cooked flowers are used in fritters and the orange arils are squeezed in water to make a drink.
The bark contains astringent tannins for treatment of diarrhoea.
The extensive root system helps to prevent soil erosion.

Coastal acacia, (Acacia cyclops), red-eyed wattle, slow growing dense bushy shrub, up to 8 m, grows in very dry areas, light-green foliage and simple flattened phyllodes, yellow flowers, pods remain on the plant, brown seeds, tolerates drought, sand-blast and salinity, used to stabilize coastal dunes. produces high-quality firewood, invasive and difficult to remove or replace, (Greek cyclops 'round-eye', because coiling tendency of the fruits), Australia, Fabaceae

Cedar wattle, (Acacia elata), Australia, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Acacia elata, Cedar Wattle, Daleys Fruit Trees

Fringe wattle, (Acacia fimbriata), Brisbane wattle tree, fast growing bushy small tree, up to 6 m, dense yellow perfumed ball-shaped flowers, prune to shape, and can be pruned to shape, grow in full sun to a partial shade, hedge or screening plant, Australia, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Acacia fimbriata, Fringe Wattle, Daleys Fruit Trees

Gossamer wattle, (Acacia floribunda), Australia, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Acacia floribunda, Gossamer Wattle, Daleys Fruit Trees

Brigalow, (Acacia harpophylla), spearwood, timber tree, dense foliage, up to 25 m, blue-grey sickle-shaped phyllodes, globular yellow flowers. almost black hard furrowed bark, root-suckering invasive, Australia, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
The name alludes to the curved (falcate) shape of the phyllodes. It is considered an undesirable agricultural and rangeland species, because of its suckering habit.

Silky wattle, (Acacia holosericea), candelabra wattle, strap wattle, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Acacia holosericea, Australian National Herbarium

Witchetty bush, (Acacia kempeana), often infested by witchetty grubs, larval stage of large cossid wood moth Endoxyla leucomochla, Australian native food, Fabaceae
The larva eats into the woody roots of the Witchetty bush, Acacia kempeana, and feeds on the root sap.
Aboriginal women and children dig around the roots of the plant to find the grubs, which are a rich source of protein. (Australian Museum)

Golden rod, (Acacia longifolia), Sydney golden wattle | Kaempferol, C15H10O6 | causes colour of flowers, Australian native food, Fabaceae
 (Acacia longifolia), Australian Plants Society

Long-leaf wattle, (Acacia longissima), narrow-leaf wattle, up to 6 m, thin dark green phyllodes, flowers in linear spikes of small staminate flowers, straight or slightly curved seed pods, garden plant, propagation from scarified seed in boiling water, in borders of rainforests in wet or dry sclerophyll forest, Australia, Fabaceae

Mangium, (Acacia mangium), up to 30 m, drought resistant, used for mine dump rehabilitation, invasive in Australia, Fabaceae
A fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing, tree that is widely planted in the humid tropics, can reach a height of 23 metres, with a bole 23cm in diameter, within 9 years from seed.
The germinating seeds can be cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Seedlings and cuttings are planted as initial shade for cocoa and for rehabilitating old cocoa farms.
The tree has high tannin content which is harvested from its bark.

Black wattle, (Acacia melanoxylon), tree growing to 30 m tall and can have a large spreading canopy, attractive feature or shade tree First Nations People of Australian derive an analgesic from the tree and was used to make spear throwers and shields. It is valued for its decorative timber, but can be declared a noxious weed species, Australia, Fabaceae
Acacia melanoxylon, Black Wattle, Daleys Fruit Trees

Prickly acacia, (Acacia nilotica), gum arabic tree, babul, Egyptian thorn, thorn mimosa, Africa, Middle east, India, Fabaceae
It contains chemicals with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, antihypertensive and antispasmodic, antibacterial, anthelmintic, inhibitory activities.
(Acacia nilotica subsp. indica) forms dense thorny thickets in Australia grasslands, open woodlands and open forests, one of the worst weeds in Australia.

Golden wattle, (Acacia pycnantha), the national floral emblem of Australia, edible seeds, Australian native food, invasive, Fabaceae
See diagram: Golden wattle
See diagram: (Acacia pycnantha) inflorescence, Melbourne

Swamp wattle, (Acacia retinodes), water wattle, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Acacia retinodes, Swamp wattle, Australian National Herbarium

Spear wattle, (Acacia rhodoxylon), brown spearwood, small tree, up to 15 m, stem up to 25 cm diameter, fluted stem and branches, dark bark sheds in curly flakes, used for fence posts and decorative goods, Australia, Fabaceae

Shittim wood, (Acacia seyal), talh, red acacia, ("And they shall make an ark of shittim wood:" the Bible: Exodus 25:10), Fabaceae
It is a folk medicinal plant and which exudes gum acacia, called “taleh or talha gum”

Coastal wattle, (Acacia sophorae), spreading groundcover shrub, up to 3 m, masses of golden flowers, drought tolerant, salt tolerant, frost hardy, dried seeds used to make flour, coffee-like flavour, Australian native food, Fabaceae

Curara, (Acacia tetragonophylla), dead finish seed, kurara, sharp-pointed needle-like leaves, folk medicine, tannins, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Acacia tetragonophylla, Curara, Botanic Gardens of South Australia

Bramble wattle, (Acacia victoriae), gundabluey, prickly wattle, elegant wattle, used for commercial production of wattleseed, Australian native food, has a coffee aroma when roasted, shrub-like tree, large root system, survives drought, in desert areas, Australian native food, Australia, Fabaceae
Acacia victoriae, Bramble Wattle, Daleys Fruit Trees

Atemoya hybrid: (Acacia squamosa x Acacia cherimoya), not "custard apple", small tree, deciduous, fast growing, fruit, large, smooth to segmented, soft white flesh, sweet, used fresh, drink, ice cream, propagation from grafting, Tropical America, Annonaceae

Chenille plant, (Acalpha hispida), red hot cat's tail, shrub, callus formation on cut stem, acalyphin, toxic to livestock, India, Euphorbiaceae
Copperleaf, (Acalpha wilkesiana), fire dragon, copper leaf, shrub, multi-coloured foliage, catkin-like flowers, hedging plant, Fiji, Euphorbiaceae

Bear's breeches, (Acanthus mollis), brank usine, sea dock, oyster plant is a herbaceous perennial with soft hairs, rhizome, the shape of leaf on Corinthian Greek column capitals, invasive species, Africa, Asia and Mediterranean region, Acanthaceae.
Spiny bear's breech, (Acanthus spinosus), herbaceous perennial, up to 150 cm, with leaves deeply cut and spiny margins, having long erect racemes of white flowers, maroon bracts, decorative spiny leaves and bracts formerly used to decorate the capitals of Corinthian and Composite columns, erect spikes of white flowers, spiny purple bracts, dark glossy green leaves imitated in architecture, Europe, Acanthaceae
See diagram: Acanthus spinosus inflorescence
Holly-leaved acanthus, (Acanthus ilicifolius), sea holly, holly-leaved acanthus. holy mangrove | Acanthicifoline, C10H12N2O2 | folk medicine, used to treat asthma and rheumatism, Australia, Southeast Asia, Acanthaceae

Field maple, (Acer campestre), common maple, sugar maple, hedge maple, dog oak, Oregon maple, wine, juice, samara, fruit, deciduous, evergreen trees, sucrose is chief food reserve, dissolved cell sap, widely-planted ornamental, bonsai, England, Sapindaceae.
Sugar maple, (Acer saccharum), maple sap boiled to make maple syrup, popular hardwood, coloured autumn foliage, Canada, Sapindaceae
Sycamore, (Acer pseudoplatanus), sycamore (UK), sycamore maple (US), great maple, plane tree, England naturalized in 17th century, palmately lobed leaves, pink-grey bark, racemes of pink-green flowers, distinct winged fruits called samaras, popular park and town plants, cream timber for furniture, Sapindaceae

Flamingo bells, (Aceratium ferrigineum), rusty carabeen, (French ferrigineux 'iron-bearing'), to 10 m, large rust-colour leaves, large rosy pink flower, red fleshy edible fruit, tropical rainforest plant, attractive ornamental, wet tropics regions, Australia, Elaeocarpaceae

Yarrow, (Achillea millefolium), common yarrow, white yarrow, thousand-leaved milfoil, nosebleed, carpenter's wort, perennial, hardy plant, feathery silver-grey fern-like foliage, small white daisy-like flowers, groundcover, ornamental, dried flower arrangements, leaves in compost heap act as catalyst for quick breakdown, culinary uses, flowers and leaves in salads, flowers in cooked dishes | Camphene, C10H16 | α-pinene, C10H16 | β-pinene, C10H16 | Camphor, C10H16O | Limonene, C10H16 | 1,8-Cineole, 99% (Eucalyptol) C10H18O | Linalool, C10H18O | Luteolin, C15H10O6 | Isochlorogenic acid, C16H18O9 | Apigenin, C15H10O5 | Kaempferol, C15H10O6 | Caffeic acid, C9H8O4 | Quercetin, C15H10O7 | Betonicine, C7H13NO3 | folk medicine, used to treat colds, diarrhoea, fevers, period pain, aerial parts used as an infusion, (or essential oil), to treat bleeding, wound healing and reduce inflammation, bruises, haemorrhoids, eczema, used for snuff, (in ancient Greece, the yarrow was supposed to have sprung from the rust on the sword of Achilles), yarrow is diuretic so avoid if taking diuretic drugs, e.g. Frusemide, Indapamide, Northern Hemisphere, Asteraceae.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Achillea millefolium, White Yarrow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Sneezewort, (Achillea ptarmica), bastard pellitory, perennial, up to 40 cm, infused leaves as insect repellent | Anacyclin, C18H25NO | folk medicine, leaves chewed to relieve toothache, dried leaves powdered sneezing powder, (snuff), culinary uses, leaves in salads, Europe, North America.
Woolly yarrow, (Achillea tomentosa), yellow yarrow, up to 50 cm, herbaceous perennial, terminal inflorescence of yellow flowers, woody, underground rhizome, Asteraceae
Achillea tomentosa, Woolly Yarrow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Basil thyme, (Acinos arvensis), spring savory, mother of thyme, up to 20 cm, needs sunlight, smells like mild thyme, former folk medicine, used to less toothache pain, Lamiaceae
(A savory is an aromatic plant of the mint family, used as a culinary herb.)

Toothache plant, (Acmella oleracea), paracress, electric daisy, jambu, up to 30 cm yellow flowers, antiseptic leaves, rubbed on toothache, teething baby, mouth sores, relief with quick anaesthetic effect, natural antibiotic leaves eaten fresh like cress and added to salads have been found to give relief for thrush and candida | Spilanthol, C14H23NO | Brazil, Asteraceae

Monkshood, (Aconitum napellus), wolfsbane, helmetflower, up to 1 m, hairless stems and leaves, spectacular indigo-blue hooded flowers, popular plant but one of the most poisonous in common cultivation, all parts poisonous, contain diterpenoid alkaloids, including: | Hypaconitine, C33H45NO10 | Aconitine, C34H47NO11 | Jesaconitine, C35H49NO12 | Ignavine, C27H31NO5 | Napelline, C22H33NO3 | Mesaconitine, C33H45NO11 | folk Chinese folk medicine, Ranunculaceae

Sweet flag, (Acorus calamus), calamus, sweet cane, jerangau, bach, vacha, herbaceous perennial, symbol of love, said to be aphrodisiac, solid spadix said to represent penis from one side of triangular flower stems, small crowded green-yellow flowers, up to 75 cm, deciduous, grow in wet ground or in pot with saucer under to retain moisture, few culinary uses, banned as human food or food additive by United States Food and Drug Administration, volatile oil with distinguishing odour and flavour contains mainly beta-asarone | Asaron, C12H16O3 | used in Ayurvedic medicine used rhizomes to treat intestinal problems, holy anointing oil, (Exodus 30: 23), hallucinogenic, used as incense-strewing and thatching herb, ornamental pond plant, Northern Hemisphere, India, Acoraceae
Dried herb is sold as root pieces or root powder.
Variegated sweet flag, (Acorus gramineus variegatus), up to 20 cm, striped leaves, hardy border plant, Acoraceae
Sweet Flag, Acorus calamus, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb is sold as root.

Lemon aspen, (Acronychia acidula), lemon wood, silver aspen, hard aspen, rainforest tree, up to 15 m, dark green elliptical leaves, small yellow flowers, green to yellow fruits, used for jams with spicy citrus aroma and acidic lemon flavour, harvested as bushfood, Rutaceae
Acronychia acidula, Nurseries Online
Fraser Island apple, (Acronychia imperforata), beach acronychia, evergreen tree, dark glossy leaves, cream flowers, clusters of golden edible fruit, coastal plant, native Australian food, widely propagated, Rutaceae
Acronychia imperforata, Nurseries Online
Scented acronychia, (Acronychia littoralis, southern and northern forms, up to 7 m, up to 8 m, grey cylindrical trunk, leaves in opposite pairs, flowers in leaf axils in cymes, cream-yellow, egg-shaped fruit as a spherical drupe with four lobes, crushed foliage releases frangrance, Rutaceae
White aspen, (Acronychia oblongifolia), up to 25 m, rare in natural environment, common acronychia, hard aspen, yellow wood, white lilly pilly, Rutaceae
Acronychia oblongifolia, Australian Plants Society

Native currant, (Acrotriche depressa), ground berries, small evergreen plant, up to 80 cm, small dark green leaves, pale green flowers, edible berries with hard seed, eat berries when deep purple colour and have begun to soften, Australia, Ericaceae.

Black cohosh, (Actaea racemosa), Native American folk medicine, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, used to treat menstruation disorders, hot flushes, menopause problems, (may have estrogen-like effects), lower blood pressure, alcohol content of tinctures, do not use if taking contraceptive pills or hormone replacement therapy, North America, Ranunculaceae
Dried herb is sold as root.
Red baneberry, (Actaea rubra), chinaberry, doll's eye, white cohosh, perennial, red fruits, folk medicine, used to treat menstruation problems, poisonous, use in poison arrows, North America, Ranunculaceae
Baneberry, (Actaea spicata), Herb Christopher, herbaceous perennial, up to 60 cm, black berries, poisonous berries, folk medicine, ornamental, Ranunculaceae

Kiwi fruit, (Actinidia deliciosa), fuzzy kiwi fruit, (the most popular kiwi fruit) "Chinese gooseberry", (because tastes like a gooseberry but not genus Ribes), yangtao, large vine, deciduous, dioecious so use one male plant for six female plants, fast-growing fruit, medium, ovoid, brown, hairy, sweet green flesh, used fresh, and in preserves, cooking, propagation from seeds, grafting, flowers dioecious or unisexual, radiating styles, luscious fruit with brown skin and hairs, needs trellis and pruning for fruit production, also ornamental, Chinese folk medicine, China, Actinidiaceae
Actinidia deliciosa, Gardenia
Hardy kiwi fruit, (Actinidia aguta), kiwi berry, perennial vine, small version of a kiwi fruit | Actinidine, C10H13N | can be eaten whole, Actinidiaceae
Golden kiwi fruit, (Actinidia chinensis), dioecious, deciduous climber, up to 9 m, white flowers, fruit has yellow flesh, needs trellis | Actinidine, C10H13N | China, Actinidiaceae
See diagram: Actinidia chinensis.
Silver vine, (Actinidia polygama), cat powder, twining deciduous dioecious climber, up to 6 m, heart-shaped dark green leaves with silver tips (like dipped in paint), scented white flowers, bright orange egg-shape small edible not palatable fruit, plant loved by cats | Actinidine, C10H13N | Iridomyrmecin, C10H16O2 | Neomatatabiol C10H18O2 | Actinidiaceae

Flannel flower, (Actinotus helanthi), up to 50 cm, grey foliage with soft hairs giving flannel-like feel, it is a well-loved plant but has limited horticultural use, Australia, Apiaceae
Actinotus helanthi, Australian National Herbarium

Beach bird's-eye, (Alectryon coriaceus), beach alectryon, hardy coastal plant, up to 5 m, thick leathery leaves, tiny green-yellow flowers, small petals, edible red and black fruit, useful coastal windbreak, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
See diagram: Alectryon coriaceus, Daleys Fruit Trees
Hairy alectryon, (Alectryon tomentosus), hairy bird's eye, red jacket, up to 15 m, small pink to red flowers, brown hairy fruit, shiny black toxic seeds, hairy leaves and shoots, rainforest tree, common garden plant, Australia, Sapindaceae

Baobab tree, (Adansonia gregorii), Australian baobab, the only baobab species to occur in Australia, bottle tree, dead rat tree, monkey bread tree, swollen base of its trunk to look like a bottle, most parts are edible, medicinal products from leaves, can store water through dry seasons eat pulp that fills the seed pods, decorative paintings, carvings, Australian native food, Malvaceae.
See diagram: Baobab tree.

Woolly bush, (Adenanthos sericeus), pat bush, Albany woolly bush, silver streak plant, up to 5 m, soft silvery-green foliage, red flowers, occurs in semi-arid dry areas, used a pot plant and Australian Christmas tree, Australia, Proteaceae

Trail plant, (Adenocaulon bicolor), pathfinder, leaf top surface dark green, underside white woolly, used to follow trail of person who disturbed leaves, North America, Asteraceae

Cooper's glandweed, (Adenophyllum cooperi), perennial shrub, unpleasant odour, common along roadsides, Mojave National Reserve, North America, Asteraceae

Sticky daisy, (Adenostemma lavenia), erect annual up to 1 m tall, weed, Sri Lanka, Australia, Asteraceae

Tiup-tiup, (Adinandra dumosa), fruits dispersed by fruit bats, Singapore, Theaceae

Autumn adonis, (Adonis annua), pheasant's eye, red chamomile, scarlet flowers, feathery leaves, (in myth of Adonis, sprung up from his blood when killed by a wild boar), Ranunculaceae
It is toxic to stock, but unpalatable to them.
Summer adonis, (Adonis aestivalis), red pheasant's eye, decorative, tap root, up to 50 cm, small purple to yellow flowers with dark purple blotch, low severity poison to humans and livestock, invasive in US pastures and roadsides, Europe, Ranunculaceae
Spring adonis, (Adonis vernalis), yellow pheasant's eye, false hellebore, poisonous, finely-divided leaves, annual and perennial herb, bright-coloured flowers, borders and rock gardens, glucoside mixture from this plant called Adonidin was used formerly as a cardiac stimulant, folk medicine, used to treat heart disorders where degenerating muscle produces rapid and feeble motion, Europe and cooler Asia, Ranunculaceae

Moschatel, (Adoxa moschatellina), muskroot, five-faced bishop, town hall clocks, herbaceous perennial, musk-like fragrance in certain months, Adoxaceae
See diagram: Adoxa moschatellina.

River Mangrove, (Aegicerus corniculatum), in Brisbane City Botanic Gardens, small white flowers, understory to white mangrove, Queensland, Primulaceae

Bael tree, (Aegle marmelos), only one species, bilva, wood apple, Bengal quince, stone apple, (Tamil name: vilvam), kuvilam, it is a large, thorny, slow-growing, deciduous tree with dimorphic branches, trifoliate leaves and globose fruits, with hard, smooth, grey-yellow pericarp shell, used fresh or dried or in sherbert or tasty marmalade, which smells of roses, folk medicine, root and bark decoction for fevers, inflammation, propagation from seeds, (holy fruit linked to Lord Shiva), India, Ceylon, Rutaceae.
See diagram: Aegle marmelos fruit.

Herb gerard, (Aegopodium podagrarium), ashweed, goutweed, goat herb, ground elder, English masterwort, perennial, in shady places, spring leaf vegetable, folk medicine, used to treat gout, ornamental, weed, underground rhizomes hard to eradicate, Europe, Apiaceae
See diagram: Goutweed, Aegopodium podagraria

American jointvetch, (Aeschynomene americana), shyleaf, introduced forage, green manure, and land reclamation in wetlands, naturalized in subtropics and become an invasive weed in pastures, agricultural lands, along roadsides, tropical Americas, Fabaceae
Brazilian jointvetch (Aeschynomene brasiliana), perennial, up to 2 m. bristly sticky stems, yellow flowers, invasive in dry tropical areas, little value as cattle feed, South America, Fabaceae
Panicle jointvetch, (Aeschynomene paniculata), little value as cattle feed, now targeted for eradication in Australia, because it invades and replaces pasture and native plants, tropical Americas, Fabaceae

Horse chestnut, (Aesculus hippocastanum), buckeye, deciduous, large palmate leaves, panicles of white to red flowers, seasonal differences in twig growth, buds, lenticels, seeds bitter and inedible, hard dark brown seed case containing | Aescin, C55H86O24 | in a prickly fruit, folk medicine, used to treat varicose veins, may irritate gastrointestinal tract and interfere with action of drugs, e.g. blood thinners - warfarin, widely-planted ornamental, North America, temperate Europe and Asia, (naturalized), Sapindaceae
A "conker" is horse chestnut seed on a string, used in a children's game where each child tries to break the other's conker.
Dried herb is sold as seeds.
See diagram: Aesculus indica, (Kew Gardens).

Seed of heaven, (Aframomum melegueta), grains of paradise, ossame, African pepper, jinguenga, heaven fruit, trumpet-shaped purple flowers, red seeds taste like pepper | Myristicin, C11H12O3 | Limonene, C10H16 | beta-caryophyllene, C15H24 | Pinene, C10H16 | folk medicine, some anti-diabetic and anti-obese medical properties, swamp habitats, West Africa, Zingiberaceae
Seed of heaven, Daleys Fruit Trees

Lily-of-the-Nile, (Agapanthus praecox), common agapanthus, blue lily, strong-growing perennials, garden edges and backgrounds, hardy perennial herbs, strap-shaped leaves, large handsome umbels of blossom, invasive, Southern Africa, Alliaceae
African blue lily, (Agapanthus africanus), clump forming plant, dense fleshy roots, arching strap-like dark green leave, scented tubular purple flowers, popular garden plant, Southern Africa, Alliaceae

Mountain bells, (Agapetes meiniana), small evergreen shrub or straggly climber, glossy green leaves, bright red new growth, bright red waxy tubular flowers. grows in dense highland rainforest, Australia, Ericaceae

Hummingbird mint, (Agastache aurantiaca), giant hyssop, small aromatic perennial, fragrant showy flowers, desert ornamental, New Mexico, cultivar, Lamiaceae
Agastache 'Sweet Lili', (Agastache aurantiaca), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Anise hyssop, (Agastache foeniculum), blue giant hyssop, mosquito plant, short-lived herbaceous perennial, up to 60 cm, clump forming, flowers with two-lipped corolla, many upright purple-blue flower spikes, abundant nectar for bees | Estragole | culinary uses, refreshing aniseed-flavoured tea, flavouring, food, leaves in apple pie, ornamental, Mexico, Lamiaceae
Anise Hyssop, Agastache foeniculum, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Korean mint, (Agastache rugosa), purple giant hyssop, anise-flavoured, mint-like spice | Anisaldehyde | Estragole | Methoxycinnamaldehyde | Pachypodol |.

Buchu, (Agathosma betulina), round leaf buchu, mountain buchu, short buchu, bookoo, bucku, bucco, essential oil, phenolic compounds, folk medicine, used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, diuretic, antiseptic, brandy tincture called "buchu tea" still used, blackcurrant taste, folk medicine, South Africa, Rutaceae
Round leaf buchu, (Agathosma betulina), evergreen shrub, up to 2 m, capsule fruit releases seeds | Quercetin, C23H24O12 | folk medicine, South Africa, Rutaceae
Longleaf buchu, (Agathosma serratifolia), flavanone glycoside | Hesperidin, C28H34O15, in leaves | South Africa, Rutaceae

Agave, (Agave attenuata), large succulent garden plant, lamina modified for water storage, leaf has very thick cuticle, in three distinct layers, houseplant, Asparagaceae.
Century plant, (Agave americana) maguey, peyote, American aloe, xerophyte, to 1.2 m, blue-grey strap-like spiny leaves, tall cluster of flowers inflorescence, up to 12 m, (flowers only once up to 30 years, not after 100 years!), long leaf fibres, sap natural insecticide, folk medicine, used to treat constipation and burns, as houseplant usually variegated varieties, grown in tub on patio, used to make pulque (mescal) and tequila, national drink of Mexico, succulent, drought resistant, ornamental, Asparagaceae
See diagram: Agave americana.
Sisal, (Agave sisalana), sisal hemp, widely cultivated fibre plant, leaves used to produce sisal "hemp" for cords, twine and matting produce cytisine for tequila | Agavoside A | Hentriacontan-1-ol | Tigogenin | Hecogenin | used for synthesis of cortisone.
(Sisal is a port in Yucatan, Mexico.) Asparagaceae

Crofton weed, (Ageratina adenophora), snakeroot, Mexican devil, ornamental, diamond-shaped dark green leaves with a pointed tip and broad base, white daisy-like flowers without petals flowers keeping their colour for a long time, long black seeds tipped with white hairs, red-brown stems, pale yellow thick root that smells like carrots, invasive weed, poisonous to horses, reduces crop yields and competes with pasture grasses, Mexico, Asteraceae

Billygoat-weed, (Ageratum conyzoides), whiteweed, mentrasto, flossflower, rumput tahi ayam, annual herb, long-lasting flowers, ornamental, invasive weed, up to 1 m. high, with ovate leaves, white to mauve flowers, folk medicinal plant to treat diarrhea, insecticide, nematicide, can cause liver lesions and tumours | Lycopsamine, C15H25NO5 | Echinatine, C15H25NO5 | Malaysia, Central America, Asteraceae

Ngungun may bush, (Aggreflorum luehmannii), Glasshouse Mountains tea tree, glossy green elliptic leaves, white flowers, up to 5 m, smooth red-brown bark that peels in long strips, Glass House Mountains and Numinbah Valley, Australia, Myrtaceae

Boodyarra, (Aglaia brownii), up to 8 -12 m, large leaves, brown stellate scales, showy white-yellow flowers, orange-yellow ribbed fruit, rainforest plant, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Meliaceae
Smooth-fruited aglaia, (Aglaia sapindina), brown scales or stellate hairs. small oil dots on leaves, perfumed flowers, embryonic leafy shoot between the cotyledons are densely hairy, rainforest understory plant, Australia, Pacific Islands, Meliaceae

Willow myrtle, (Agonis reflexuosa), Western Australian peppermint, Swan River peppermint, broad spreading weeping canopy
It is a dome-shaped tree, up to 15 m, crushed leaves emit peppermint aroma, small white flowers, planted in parks and street verges, Australia, Myrtaceae.

Agrimony, (Agrimonia eupatoria), cocklebur, sticklewort, church steeples, hardy plant, on hedge banks, sides of fields, waste places, upright brown spike covered with soft, silky hairs, many small yellow flowers at the top, alternate hairy leaves, pinnate divided with toothed leaflets, burr-like fruit, with hooked bristles, crushed leaves and flowers lemon-like scent.
It is used to produce yellow dye, used as border ornamental, attracts bees, culinary uses, tea has apricot-like flavour | Agrimophol | folk medicine, eye wash, back rub from leaves infused in baby oil, Rosaceae.
Agrimonia eupatoria, Agrimony, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb is sold as aerials.

Couch grass, (Agropyron repens), English couch grass, couch grass, dog's grass, twitch, western wheat grass, folk medicine, Poaceae
Dried herb is sold as rhizome.

Tree of heaven, (Ailanthus altissima), ailanthus, baked sewage tree, China sum, chouchun, 'bad smell tree", tall, deciduous, tree, leaves 40 cm long, small white-yellow flowers, male and female flowers are produced on different plants, winged red fruit, formation of abscission layer before leaf fall, poison suckers, invasive, North China, Simaroubaceae.

Coyure palm, (Aiphanes horrida), spiny palm, eat fruit | Carotene, C40H56 | Piceatannol | used to make candles, South America, Arecaceae

Bugle, (Ajuga reptans), common bugle, 'bugle', carpenter's herb, middle comfrey, sicklewort, bugleweed, carpetweed, ground pine, perennial, creeping groundcover for shady places, hardy plant. but invasive mildew infection, short spikes of labiate blue-purple or white flowers, bruised leaves were used to heal cuts and bruises, bugle tea folk medicine | Ajugalactone | Cyasterone | Polypodine B | folk medicine for hangovers, but may be too dangerous to drink, Lamiaceae
Ajuga reptans, Common Bugle, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Ajuga reptans 'purpurea', groundcover, most commonly grown, Lamiaceae
Australian bugle, (Ajuga australis), local medicine use to treat boils and sores, ornamental, ground cover | Ajugalactone | Cyasterone | Makisterone B | wide range in Australia, Lamiaceae
Junihitoe (Japanese language), (Ajuga nipponensis Makino) | Ecdysone | Ajugose | folk medicine, used to treat coughs, fluid retention, inflammation, liver disease, boosts immunity but more evidence is needed to approve these treatments, side effects can include diarrhea and vomiting, widespread in China and Japan, Lamiaceae.
Wanjiru Wa Rurii (Kikuyu language), (Ajuga remota) | Adjugarin | Ergosterol-5, 8-endoperoxide | 8-O-Acetylharpagide | folk medicine, treat fevers including malaria, Lamiaceae

Turnipwood, (Akania bidwillii), white to pink fragrant flowers, red round fruit, cut wood has odour like turnips, subtropical Australia, monotypic genus of Alkaniaceae

Lebbeck tree, (Albizia lebbeck), siris tree, woman's tongue tree, heavy fragrance, nectar-rich white flowers, hard wood, soil binder, shade tree | Albizziin, C4H9N3O3 | folk remedies, saponins and tannins in bark, Fabaceae
Dried herb is sold as bark powder.
See diagram: Albizia lebbeck
Worm-cure albizia, (Albizia anthelmentica), cabbage tree, cabbage bark, angelin, folk medicine, (The bark is antihelminthic.) | Albizziine, C4H9N3O3 | Desglucomusennin, C45H72O16 | Echinocystic acid, C36H56O10 | Musennin, C51H82O21 | Fabaceae

Silk tree, (Albizia julibrissin), Persian silk tree, white siris, pink siris | Albizziin, C4H9N3O3 | Noradrenaline | Turgorin, [C13H15O13S]- | West Asia, Fabaceae
Albizia julibrissin rosea, Silk tree, Daleys Fruit Trees
Cape wattle, (Albizia lophanta) crested wattle, Cape Leeuwin wattle | Albizziin, C4H9N3O3 | Djenkolic acid, C7H14N2O4S2, toxic | invasive, Australia, Fabaceae

Hollyhock, (Alcea rosea), marsh mallow, biennial / perennial, folk medicine as tea, Chinese cuisine, popular garden ornamental, Malvaceae


Lady's mantle, (Alchemilla vulgaris), common lady's mantle, bear's foot, perennial, up to 40 cm, attractive plant, unique light green leaves, yellow-green flowers, astringent, flavonoids, culinary uses, few young leaves in salads, folk medicine, gynaecological, digestive and skin disorders, Turkey, Rosaceae
Dried plants sold as aerials.
Garden lady's mantle, (Alchemilla mollis), (Lady's mantle of Virgin Mary), (dew collected by alchemists for experiments), garden herb, folk medicine, astringent, ornamental, Rosaceae
Candlenut, (Aleurites moluccanus), buah keras, Indian walnut, carie nut, spreading evergreen tree, up to 20 m, candlenut oil is a fixed oil, wild food plant, fragrant small white flowers clustered at the ends of branches spreading crown of large alternate leaves, two clearly visible glands at the base of the leaf, brown fruit envelops nuts, used in Indonesian dishes, curry pastes and meat tenderiser, vigorous self seeder, Euphorbiaceae.
The nuts should not be eaten raw as toxin in the oil is an irritant, and can cause abdominal cramps and vomiting, and the sap can cause contact dermatitis!
See diagram: Candlenut.
See diagram: Candlenut fruits.
Candlenut, Daleys Fruit Trees.
Candlenut Siris, (Aleurites rockinghamensis), large straight trunk rainforest tree, grey bark with long vertical fissures, young shoots and terminal buds have cream or brown hairs, silvery hairs on its new leaves, two green or black glands on the petiole, white flowers, pink to red new leaves, brown fruit.
Australian native food and folk medicine to treat fungal infections, resin used to preserves fishing lines, timber used for making tools, Euphorbiaceae.

Alkanet, (Alkanna tinctoria), alkanna. dyer's alkanet, orchanet, dyer's bugloss, Spanish bugloss, bright blue flower, red pigment from roots used in cosmetics, astringent, root antibacterial, antipruritic, astringent, used topically for treatment of skin wounds, varicose veins, indolent ulcers, bed sores and itching rashes, used orally for diarrhoea, cough, and gastric ulcers, can be dried for later use, root's radical scavenging activity suggests antiaging effects, dye used in thermometers, acid-base indicator, wood stain | Alkannin, C16H16O5 | drought tolerant in alkaline soils, France, Boraginaceae
The other plants that may be called "alkanet", include: (Anchusa officinalis), (Lithospermum arvense), and (Pentaglottis sempervirens), but the name Alkanet should be reserved for (Alkanna tinctoria).
See diagram: Alkanna tinctoria

Allamanda, (Allamanda cathartica), "Schotti", golden trumpet, ornamental shrub, evergreen shrub, ornamental, sprawling climber, simple opposite leaves or whorls of 3-4, large, yellow, showy, trumpet-like flowers, white milky sap | Allamandin | folk medicine, purgative, induce vomiting | Allamandin | toxic, tropical America, Apocynaceae
See diagram: Allamanda

Garlic mustard, (Alliaria petiolata), jack-by-the-hedge, hedge garlic, penny hedge, sauce-alone, poor man's mustard, short-lived perennial, up to 75 cm, spikes of white flowers, crushed heart-shaped leaves have garlic-like smell, culinary uses in salads, folk medicine, diuretic, invasive, Brassicaceae.

Garlic, (Allium sativum), (Latin Allium 'garlic')
Allium genera are many species of bulbous perennials and biennials in this genus include ornamentals and pungent bulbs.
Some species were used for folk medicine, and in magical practices.
Most plants have strap-like and hollow blue-green leaves, with brightly coloured flowers in rounded heads, long stems, and cultivated for their pungent bulbs.
The characteristic onion or garlic taste and odour may be derived from cysteine sulfoxides, e.g. | S-Methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, C4H9NO3S |
See: 5.1, Allium vegetable crops, Amaryllidaceae

She-oaks, (Allocasuarina species), used in street plantings and have foliage that resembles pine needles.
Mt Emu she-oak, (Allocasuarina emuina), low-growing, slender flowering shrub, Australia, Casuarinaceae
Bull oak, (Allocasuarina leuhmannii), used for screen or hedge or windbreak or craft wood for turning and polishing, very hard timber, Australia, Casuarinaceae
Black she-oak, (Allocasuarina littoralis), columnar habit, used for roadside plantings, parks, windbreaks and shelterbelts, dioecious, male plants have showy red flowers Australia, Casuarinaceae
Rigid she-oak, (Allocasuarina rigida), grows on volcanic outcrops in exposed situations, Australia, Casuarinaceae
Forest oak, (Allocasuarina torulosa), forest she-oak, she-oak, up to 10 m, spreading tree with weeping needle-like leaves, which turn rusty red when flowering, Australia, Casuarinaceae
Drooping she-oak, (Allocasurina verticillata), Australia, Casuarinaceae

Tree waratah, (Alloxylon flammeum), up to 25 m, large red flowers pollinated by birds, rainforest emergent tree, Australia, Proteaceae

Alder tree, (Alnus glutinosa), European black alder, English alder, sticky young shoots and leaves, deciduous tree, England, Betulaceae

Giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhizos),Giant taro, (Alocasia macrorrhizos), elephant ear taro, kape, Philippines, Araceae
Alocasia macrorrhizos, Nurseries Online
Native lily,(Alocasia brisbanensis), cunjevoi lily, poisonous | Oxalates | dermatitis, edible if very well cooked, Australian native food, Araceae
Plants in the Araceae family are called aroids.
Aroids, (spadix inflorescence inside spathe), may contain raphides, e.g. calamus, coco yam, monsterio, taro.
Chinese taro, (Alocasia cucullata), hooded dwarf elephant's ear, dark-green glossy leaves, dense growth with many leaves bunched close together, up to 50 cm, Chinese medicine, poisonous, calcium oxalate, houseplant, Araceae
"Alocasia banana", (Indonesia), (Alocasia fornicata), fornicata taro, large arrow-shaped leaves, up to 2 m, white-pink flowers with yellow-green centre, dark brown seed, edible vegetable, but contains calcium oxalate, Indonesia, India, Araceae
Night-scented lily, (Alocasia odora), giant upright elephant's ear, poisonous, Araceae
Alocasia odora, Gardenia
Kris plant, (Alocasia sanderiana), not edible, ornamental foliage, Araceae

Barbados aloe, (Aloe vera), "true aloe", Chinese aloe, Indian aloe, Burn aloe, "First Aid Plant", perennial, stemless, rosette of tapering toothed succulent leaves, fleshy lamina modified for water storage, up to 100 cm, thick and fleshy, green to grey leaves containing thick, colourless juice, leaf margins serrated with small white teeth, erect spike with yellow pendulous flowers with tubular corolla on a spike up to 90 cm high, very bitter-tasting cramping sap so do not swallow, used n baby powder, cosmetics | Emodin | in yellow latex resin exudate from under plant skin | Aloe-emodin | Coumarin | Aloin | in clear aloe gel in inner part of plant leaf, folk medicine, antibacterial, antiviral, immune stimulant, nutrients to stimulate wound healing, fresh leaf mucilage used to treat bed sores, burns, itching, radiation burns, shingles, skin problems, sunburn, wound healing, psoriasis, however many drug interactions, (commercial product specifies it contains "inner leaf gel", to avoid containing | Anthraquinone | no culinary uses, other ornamental Aloes contain astringent sap, so do not use them on damaged skin, Mediterranean region, Asphodelaceae
See diagram: Aloe vera
Dried herb is sold as leaf powder.
(Aloe vera) extract powder will reconstitute into Aloe vera gel.
Rat aloe,(Aloe ballyi), tree aloe | Coniceine | poisonous, Asphodelaceae
Aloe barbadensis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Candelabra aloe, (Aloe candelabra), tree-like aloe, perennial, succulent, erect growth, fleshy leaves, more than 60 cm, forms roots easily from stem cuttings, root easily from stems | Aloenin | folk medicine, analgesic, anaesthetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, clear inner gel of leaves is used for cuts, bruises and sunburn, used for many internal and external uses, tonic, cold sores, scalds, nappy rash, dandruff, after-shave, sunburn, called "living First Aid plant", culinary uses, invasive weed, (houseplant), Asphodelaceae.
Do not take dried leaf internally and do not use gel externally on surgical incision.
Juice extract and aerials sold as powder.
| Aloe-emodin | Aloesin | Arabinose | Aloin | Asphodelaceae
(Aloe ballyi), (Aloe elata) and (Aloe ruspoliana) are poisonous and have a smell of rats.
Aloe Candelabra, Aloe arborescens, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Cape aloe, (Aloe ferox), bitter aloe, red aloe, thick, fleshy leaves, red-brown spines, stem up to 45 cm, red-brown spines on leaf margins, folk medicine, purgative, leaf gel in cosmetics, (houseplant), South Africa, Asphodelaceae
Aloe ferox, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb is sold as aerials powder.
Soap aloe, (Aloe maculata), zebra aloe, H-shaped spots, flat-topped flower head | Aloesin | folk medicine, gel for skin complaints, southern Africa, Asphodelaceae
Rubble aloe, (Aloe perfoliata), mitre aloe, prostrate, branching stems, along the ground, fleshy blue-green leaves, spines around edges, red flowers on stalks, common landscaping plant, (houseplant), South Africa, Asphodelaceae
See diagram: Aloe perfoliata.
Perry's aloe, (Aloe perryi), socratine aloe, rocky areas, leaves with red spines, aromatic odour like saffron, unpleasant bitter taste, folk medicine, burns, sunburn, Yemen, Asphodelaceae
Aloe perryi, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Tiger aloe, (Aloe variegata), partridge-breasted aloe, up to 30 cm, rosette of triangular, dark green leaves, V-shaped white bands, ornamental foliage, used for landscape planting, planting into containers and bowls, (houseplant), Asphodelaceae

Lemon verbena, (Aloysia citrodora), lime verbena, lemon beebrush, herb louisa, white brush, bee brush, attractive deciduous perennial, up to 1 metre, leaves in whorls of three, folk medicine, grow in pots, full sun, free-draining moist soil, not tolerate frost, culinary uses, fruit salads, punches, summer drinks strong lemon flavour from citral terpenes, cultivated for oil, lemon-scented leaves as folk tea and food flavouring, and when dried and added to soup long lasting aroma | Citral | Linalool | Verbenone | folk medicine, digestive, South America, Verbenaceae
Essential oil may sensitise skin to sunlight, and large doses of its tea may cause gastric irritation.
Aloysia citrodora, Lime Verbena, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb is sold as aerials.
Lemon Verbena, Daleys Fruit Trees

Red ash, (Alphitonia excelsa), soap tree, soapwood, leatherjacket, up to 25 m, ornamental, fodder plant for sheep and cattle, useful wood for buildings, shade tree, scratched wood smells like sarsaparilla, Australian natives' folk medicine, Australia, Rhamnaceae
Alphitonia excelsa, Australian National Herbarium
White ash, (Alphitonia petriei), white-leaf, pink ash. rainforest tree, scratched wood smells of liniment, lower surface of leaves with intertwined hairs along the veins, white flowers, indehiscent black fruit, Australia, Rhamnaceae

Native ginger, (Alpinia caerulea), Atherton ginger, Atherton red, red back ginger, up to 2 m, understory, root and seed herb, very hardy, white shell-like flowers, clusters of blue berries, roots and berries, Australian native food, Zingiberaceae
See diagram: Alpinia caerulea.
Dwarf native ginger, (Alpinia arundelliana), understory perennial lily-type plant, up to 2 m, long sword-shaped leaves ginger-like rhizome, blue-black fruit, in coastal rainforests, Australia, Zingiberaceae
Alpinia species: | Cinnamic acid, C9H8O2 | Zingiberaceae
Snap ginger, (Alpinia calcarata), cardamom ginger, Indian snap ginger, perennial herb, rhizomes are antibacterial, flavouring leaf, dull dark green leaves, but lighter underneath, narrow foliage, upright habit, folk medicine | Acetoxychavicol acetate | Acetoxyeugenol acetate | Camphor | Cineole | Eugenol | Galangin | Geranyl acetate | Methyl cinnamate | Pinene | African and Indian folk medicine, antifungal, used to treat sore throat and colds, South Asia, Zingiberaceae
Alpinia calcarata, Bambooland
Alpinia calcarata, Botany Brisbane
Galangal, (Alpinia galanga), greater galangal, lengkuas, Thai galangal, Thai ginger, perennial, orchid-like flowers, tasty knobby root, culinary use, rhizome slices in Thai curries and Indonesian rendang, roots contains volatile "oil galangol", rhizome contains | Galangin | Acetoxychavicol acetate, C13H14O4 | Acetoxyeugenol acetate, C14H16O5 | Southeast Asia, Zingiberaceae
Dried herb is sold as root powder.
Alpinia galangal, Galangal, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
False cardamom ginger, (Alpinia mutica), small shell ginger, orchid ginger, narrow-leaved alpinia, hardy clumping ginger, perennial, up to 2 m, hardy plant, clumping ginger with thick lush foliage, spicy scent if rubbed, upright shell-like flowers, culinary uses, flavour meat, curries, folk medicine, rhizome extracts may have cytotoxic effects on human carcinoma cells, Australia, Zingiberaceae
Alpinia mutica, False Cardamom Ginger, Daleys Fruit Trees
Shellflower, (Alpinia nutans), dwarf cardamom, shining oblong leaves, clusters of pink shaded white flowers with yellow lips and magenta stripes | Dehydrokawain, C14H16O3 | Zingiberaceae
Lesser galangal, (Alpinia officinarum), "galangal", perennial ornamental, lesser galangal, "small ginger", galangal root, colic root, the preferred ginger for Thai cooking, tight clumps of green foliage, cream flowers, 1.5 to 2m, cold tolerant, full sun to part shade, needs moist well-drained soil, rich in organic matter, flowers in summer, Zingiberaceae
See diagram: Alpinia officinarum.
See diagram: Galangal.
Red ginger, (Alpinia purpurata), ostrich plume, pink cone ginger, showy red bracts, white flower | Cinnamic acid | Malaysia, Zingiberaceae
Shell ginger, (Alpinia zerumbet), pink porcelain lily, variegated ginger, butterfly gingershell ginger, perennial, up to 3 metres, funnel-shaped flowers with colourful funnel, insect repellent, culinary uses, folk teas | 5, 6-Dehydrokawain, C14H12O3 | folk medicine, skin conditions, many other uses, Zingiberaceae

White cheesewood, (Alstonia scholaris), milky pine, milkwood, up to 35 m, stem to 1 m diameter, cut grey bark exudes milky sap, used for veneers, carving, India, Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, Apocynaceae
Hard cheesewood, (Alstonia spectabilis), bitterbark, milky yellowwood, hard milkwood, poele bark, jackapple, leather jacket, milky yellowwood, pulai, Southeast Asia,
Peruvian lily, (Alstroemeria aurea), Chilean Lily, yellow alstroemeria, ornamental, perennial, pull "dead head" stems from bottom of plant to initiate new flowering stems, Chile, Alstroemeriaceae
Alstroemeria contain a red flower pigment, the glucoside | 6-Hydroxycyanidin 3-malonylglucoside | (C15H11O7) |
New Zealand Christmas bells, (Alstroemeria pulchella), lily of the Incas, perennial, up to 1 metre, underground tubers, ornamental, attractive white and green leaves, keep well when cut for floral art, striking red / green flowers and seed pods used at Christmas time, popular ornamental florists' flowers, and variegated cultivars, South America, Alstroemeriaceae

Alligator weed, (Alternanthera phylloxeroides), perennial aquatic plant, grow on swampy land and in irrigated domestic gardens, forms dense floating or rooted mats up to one metre deep in static or slowly flowing fresh water with high nutrient levels, spreads by stolons that grow outwards, forming new roots at the node, hollow stem with hairy grooves on opposite sides of the internodes, dark green leaves directly to the stem (no leaf stalks), silver-white flowers in spherical heads, brownish bladder like fruit, environmental water weed, toxic to livestock if eaten | Methoxyluteolin rhamnoside | South America, Amaranthaceae
Ruby leafed alternanthera,(Alternanthera dentata), Joseph's coat, calico lant, little ruby, joyweed, fast growing sprawling perennial, up to 0.7 m, weak stems, burgundy pointed foliage, dense clusters of small white flowers, used as low hedge and contrast in borders, groundcover, rockery, noxious weed in some countries, Central America, Amaranthaceae
Sessile joyweed, (Alternanthera sessilis), downy joyweed, hairy joyweed, rabbit-meat, purple mukunuwenna, dwarf copperleaf, roundcover, ponnanganni, regarded as food for eyes and nervous system, culinary uses, weed, Indian, Asian and Indonesia, Amaranthaceae
Brazilian spinach, (Alternanthera sissoo), sissoo spinach, sambu, samba lettuce, poor man's spinach, low growing, perennial leaf vegetable, up to 30 cm, round crinkled leaves, semi-shade plant, culinary uses, commonly crunchy raw leaves in salads, leaves contain | Oxalates | cooked in stir-fries or spinach substitute, Amaranthaceae
Red carpet weed, (Alternanthera versicolor), perennial, up to 30 cm, purple leaves dainty pink flowers, garnish, culinary uses, folk medicine, houseplant, Amaranthaceae

Marshmallow, (Althaea officinalis), common marshmallow, perennial, hardy plant, up to 60 cm, culinary uses, chopped leaves in salads, lightly boiled leaves and roots chopped and stir-fried, folk medicine, mucilaginous leaves and infusions for soothing irritations, inflammation, Bulgaria, Malvaceae
Dried herb is sold as root powder.
Althea officinalis, Marshmallow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Native hibiscus, (Alyogyne huegelii), blue hibiscus, large trumpet-shaped lilac-blue to deep purple flowers, Australia, Malvaceae
White hibiscus, (Alyogyne huegelii alba) cultivars ‘Elle Maree’, ‘Melissa Anne’, up to 2 m, landscaping plants for hot dry positions, Australia, Malvaceae

Alyce clove, (Alysicarpus vaginalis), buffalo clover, white moneywort, livestock fodder, green manure, erosion control, Fabaceae

Madwort, (Alyssium saxatille), annual and perennial herb, spatulate leaves, yellow flowers, said to cure rabies, Europe, Brassicaceae

Chainfruit, (Alyxia ruscifolia), prickly alyxia, native holly, moonya. spiky dry rainforest shrub, up to 2 m, pointy-tipped narrow lanceolate leaves grow in whorls, orange to red fruit appear to grow in chains. Australia, Apocynaceae

Love-lies-bleeding, (Amaranthus caudatus), pendant aramanth, tassel flower, velvet flower, foxtail amaranth, annual, broad-leaved, central stem that grows from a taproot, up to 2.5 m tall, white or red self-pollinating flowering panicles up to 90 cm long, tiny seeds | Amaranthin | crop from the high Peruvian Andes called kiwicha, food and folk remedy, Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae, the amaranth family, "amaranths", e.g. bhajhee, grain amaranth, sambu lettuce, red amaranth, ornamental, grain amaranth, drooping inflorescence, tap roots difficult to pull out, all parts edible, makes insoluble phosphates available if composted, seeds gluten-free, folk medicines, longevity, Peru, Amaranthaceae
Mira, (Amaranthus caudatus 'Mira'), flower gentle, prince's feather, Joseph's coat, annual, colourful salad herb, grain crop, chaff-like spikes of small flowers, coloured foliage, long-lasting flowers, colourful salad vegetable, ornamental, South America, Amaranthaceae
"Pigweed", (Amaranthus palmeri), weed said to be resistant to glyphosate in Australia, (e.g."Roundup"), Amaranthaceae
Tampala, (Amaranthus tricolor), edible amaranth, Joseph's coat (Bible: Genesis 37:3-36) | Amaranthin, C30H34N2O19 | annual flowering plant, C4 carbon fixation plant, South America, world-wide, Amaranthaceae
Amaranth, 'Edible Red', Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Amaranth, 'Garnet red', Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Jersey lily, (Amaryllis belladonna), belladonna-lily, naked-lady-lily, white flowers flushed with rosy purple, widely cultivated ornamental, South Africa, Amaryllidaceae.
The "true amaryllis", Hippeastrum hybrid bulbs may be wrongly called "Amaryllis", flowering bulb, showy flowers on naked stems, strap-like leaves, grown in large clumps in full sun, moist well-drained soil, or grown in pots on the patio.

Amborella, (Amborella trichopoda), tropical shrub, yellow soft fruit with a musky flavour, can be eaten fresh, has tracheids, but no vessels for water conduction, possibly the closest living relative of the first flowering plants, base of the classification of flowering plants, New Caledonia, only species of Amborellaceae

Annual ragweed, (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), common ragweed, up to 2 m, fern-like leaves, widespread invasive | Psilostachyin, C15H20O5 | Native American folk medicine, used to remove metal contaminants from soil, United States, Asteraceae

Saskatoon serviceberry, (Amelanchier alnifolia), alder-leaved shadbush, up to 8 m, oval to circular leaves with toothed margins, white flowers, small purple edible pome fruit with waxy bloom | Flavonols | Anthocyanins | Canada, Rosaceae
Downy serviceberry, (Amelanchier arborea), deciduous small tree, 5-petaled showy white flowers in drooping clusters. small round green edible berries that turn red to dark purplish-black in early summer, Rosaceae
Juneberry, (Amelachier lamarkii), abundant, England, (naturalized), America, Rosaceae

Marram grass, (Ammophila arenana), long rhizomatous rooted and densely swarded perennial grass, sandy beaches, sand dune stabiliser, Australian coasts, Poaceae

Black cardamom, (Amomum costatum), hill cardamom, larger pods used in Chinese and Vietnamese cuisine, Zingiberaceae
Nepal cardamom, (Amomum subulatum), greater Indian cardamom, black cardamom, seeds in red pod with sweet surrounding pulp | Camphor | Cineole | strong, harsh flavour if smoke-dried, used in Indian cuisine, meat dishes, pickles, North India, Nepal, Zingiberaceae

Amoora, (Amoora cucullata), pacific maple, timber tree, up to 30 m, log diameter 1 m, bole up to 1.8 m, used for light construction, furniture, canoe planks and paddles, Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, Meliaceae

Konjac, (Amorphophallus konjac), devil's tongue, starchy corm, food additive, source of soluble dietary fibre called glucomannan, folk medicine, used to make noodles and snacks, said to lower plasma cholesterol prevent constipation, improve carbohydrate metabolism, and help bowel movements, sold as "shirataki noodles" for stir fry dishes, may cause bloating and abdominal pain and konjac candies have caused choking deaths, Araceae
Corpse flower, (Amorphophallus titanum), titan arum, gigantic flower from underground corm, large, much-divided leaves, emit a distinctive "rotting fish" odour pulses out of the flower to assist with pollination by imitating the smell of a dead animal to attract carrion flies, Sumatra, Araceae

Native grape, (Ampelocissus acetosa), wild grape, scrambling climber, globular dark purple grape-like fruit, up to 1 cm diameter, large tuberous root is roasted and eaten, Northern Australia, Australian native food, Vitaceae.
Ampelocissus, (Ampelocissus frutescens), Northern Australia, Australian native food, Vitaceae

Tarweed, (Amsinckia intermedia), yellow burr weed, buckthorn, tar weed, yellow gromwell, pyrrolizidine alkaloid, yellow flowers, herbaceous plant, erect annual herb, up to 70 cm, green stem covered with fine, stiff hairs, leaves distinctly 'Y' shaped with a round apex, flowers have 5 fused petals forming a trumpet-shape, fruit a bristly burr (the calyx), competes strongly with cereal crops and heavy infestations of the weed can cause large yield losses, seed can contaminate grain, leaves can be toxic to stock but are unattractive to stock due to its bristles, poisonous alkaloid causing liver damage and skin photosensitisation, Boraginaceae.

Balsam torchwood, (Amyris balsamifera), West Indian sandalwood, West Indian rosewood, essential oil, caryophyllene, Rutaceae
Sea torchwood, (Amyris elemifera), smooth torchwood, candlewood, used for fuel, honey, wood termite-proof, Florida, northern South America, Rutaceae
Amyris wood produces elemi balsam, oleoresin containing elemic acids, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, e.g. | alpha- and beta-Amyrin | Rutaceae

Cashew nut tree, (Anacardium occidentale), cashew apple, gajus, medium tree, up to 15 m, semi-deciduous, slow growing, difficult to grow in limestone soils, fruit has large apple-like fleshy part, nut hangs from orange pseudo fruit called "cashew apple", cashew fruit and seed eaten, but shell of kernel highly toxic | Anacardic acid | Gallic acid | Salicyclic acid | Tannins | used fresh, drink, preserves, wine, nuts roasted | Bilobol | Ginkgoic acid | folk medicine, sap irritates skin, propagation from seeds, grafting, West Indies, Anacardiaceae

Pellitory, (Anacyclus pyrethrum), pellitory of Spain, Spanish chamomile, (the original "pellitory" does not contain pyrethrins), food spice, folk medicine, pungent root for toothache, Mediterranean region, Asteraceae

Vilca, (Anadenanthera colubrina), | Bufotenine | in psychedelic preparations, has many chemical compounds, hallucinogenic snuffs Vilca/Cebil | Bufotenin | South America, Fabaceae

Pimpernel, (Lysimachia arvensis), shepherd’s weatherglass, "The Scarlet Pimpernel", leafy bracts on fruit, Europe, Primulaceae
A pasture weed, not listed as a noxious weed, but an intoxicant and a cause of gastroenteritis and kidney failure in cattle forced to consume it.

Stinking bean trefoil, (Anagyris foetida), deciduous shrub, up to 4 m, bad smell when bruised, trifoliate leaves with in silvery hairs beneath, yellow red-tinged flowers, standard with red spots, poisonous plant, alkaloid anagyrine in the tough seeds, folk medicine, Mediterranean region, Fabaceae.

Indian berry, (Anamirta cocculus), fishberry, source of | Picrotoxinin | many alkaloids, poisonous, used to stun fish and insecticide, Menispermaceae

Pineapple, (Ananas comosus), Tropical America, Bromeliaceae
Pineapple Project, (Ananas comosus)
Ananas comosus, Dwarf Pineapple, Daleys Fruit Trees
Red pineapple,(Ananas bracteatus striatus), small inedible fruit, striking ornamental, houseplant, Bromeliaceae

Bugloss, (Anchusa officinalis), alkanet, "true alkanet", (Spanish alcanna, 'henna, red dye'), narrow leaves, up to 60 cm, purple flowers in coiled sprays
| Clivorine, C21H27NO7 | Lithospermic acid, C27H22O12 | Europe, Boraginaceae
Bugloss plants are bristly plants with hairy stems, toothed leaves with spiny margins, small flowers.
"Bugloss" may refer to (Pentaglottis sempervirens)!
Italian bugloss, (Anchusa azurea), garden anchusa, large blue alkanet, bristly perennial, up to 120 cm, narrow leaves, large blue flowers with white hairs in the throats, cooked stems eaten, ornamental, weed, Europe, Boraginaceae..
Dyer's alkanet, (Anchusa tinctoria), bright blue flowers, provides much nectar for pollinators, red dye from dark red roots, folk medicine, treat inflammation, Boraginaceae.
Alkanet, Root Powder, (Natural Colorant), Heirloom Body Care

King of bitters, (Andrographis paniculata), false water willow, chiretta, kalmegh, kirata, flowers in panicles, hardy plant, annual, up to 1 metre, small white flowers, very bitter taste | Andrographolide | Apigenin dimethylether | anti-inflammatory, antigastric ulcer medicine, used in Ayurvedic and Chinese folk medicine, for infections, weak immunity, worm infestation, liver health, digestive, research has found benefits for the immune system, India, Sri Lanka, Acanthaceae
Andrographis paniculata, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb is sold as aerials and aerials powder.

Gamba grass, (Andropogon gayanus), blue stem, pasture grass, introduced into Australia from Africa for use as a pasture, extremely tolerant of drought, fire and the low nutrient soils in north Australian savannas, forms tussocks which are bigger, taller and more dense than native grass, which dry off in the dry season to create a high fuel load, to cause high intensity fires and decrease local biodiversity.
A rangeland weed and Queensland restricted invasive plant, Poaceae

Pasqueflower, (Anemone pulsatilla L), Dane's blood, common pasque flower, European pasqueflower, herbaceous grassland perennial, up to 30 cm, deep roots, rosette of leaves, upright rhizome food-storage organs, long silver-grey and hairy leaves and stems, bell-shaped purple flowers, silky seed-heads, fresh plant is toxic, dangerous folk medicine, Europe, Ranunculaceae
Poppy Anemone, (Anemone coronaria), blood red flowers, ornamental, Northern Europe, (not a "poppy" Papaver!), Ranunculaceae
Hepatica, (Anemone hepatica), common hepatia, liverwort, kidneywort, pennywort, perennial, Northern Hemisphere, Ranunculaceae.
Wood anemone, (Anemone nemorosa), wind flower, ornamental, perennial herb, delicate little plant forming carpet, shady woodland, spreading mass of stolons, white starry flowers, 2 cm across, folk medicine, treat headaches, ornamental, Northern Europe, NW Asia, Ranunculaceae
See diagram: Anemone nemorosa
Desert anemone, (Anemone tuberosa), tuber anemone, up to 40 cm, woody tuber, entire plant poisonous, on rocky slopes, North America, Ranunculaceae

Dill, (Anethum graveolens), perennial herb, but grown as an annual, 40 cm -1.2m height, delicate feathery green leaves, tough stalks, needs warm to hot summers, full sun, needs well-drained soil, oil of dill, annual, up to one metre, companion plant for brassicas, attracts beneficial insects, small yellow flowers, digestive, store in freezer, culinary uses, seeds more strongly scented than feathery leaves, used to flavour "dill pickles", dips, cucumber, cabbage, potato, cheese, white sauces, egg dishes, seafood, vinegar and root as vegetable.
Dill leaf oil: | Anethofuran | Myristicin |
Dill seed oil: | Phellandrene | Limonene | Carvone | Pinene | folk medicine, dill oil is antifungal, southwest Asia, India, Apiaceae.
Indian dill, (Anethum graveolens, var. sowa), is used as seed and as vegetable, Apiaceae.
Leaves are often called "dill weed" to distinguish from seeds.
The "dill water", distilled from dill, is supposed to be carminative and relieve flatulence, but little medical evidence.
A "dill pickle" is a kind of cucumber flavoured with dill flower heads, Apiaceae.
Seeds and flower heads of Caladium are used to make "dill vinegar".

Angelica, (Angelica archangelica), garden angelica, Norwegian angelica, annual in sub-tropics or biennial flowers in second year, up to 2 metres, similar to some poisonous plants, source of Germanium, unique perfume, deeply-divided leaves on thick round, hollow stems, many small yellow or green flowers in large umbels, pale yellow, oblong fruits, seed viable for only one year so store in the refrigerator, culinary uses, leaves and seeds as flavouring, garnish, and crystallized candied stalk used in cakes, biscuits, marmalades, oil of angelica root in absinthe, gin and "bitters", flavour of Benedictine liqueur, aromatic stalks candied for confectionery, used to make cosmetic "Angel water" taste from | Angelica lactone | Angelicin | Archangelicin | Apterin | Coumarin | Limonene | Osthole | Phellandrene | Pinene | Tiglic acid | Umbelliferone | | Xanthotoxin | Xanthotoxol | in folk medicine as angelica root, used to treat indigestion and spasms, infusion used to treat flatulence. northern Europe, Apiaceae
Dried herb is sold as angelica root pieces and root powder.
Purple stem angelica, (Angelica atropurpurea), great angelica, masterwort, American angelica, native folk medicine, North America, Apiaceae
Angelica atropurpurea, Purple Stem Angelica, Gardenia.
Ashitaba, (Angelica keiskei koidzumi), fast growing, folk medicine, pasture, Japan, Apiaceae
Angelica keiskei koidzumi, Ashitaba, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Shiny-leaved angelica, (Angelica pachycarpa), Portuguese angelica, jade-green glossy leaves, large umbels, white flowers, cuisine, attractive leaves used for chocolate moulds in deserts, Apiaceae
Angelica pachycarpa, Shiny-leaved Angelica, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Chinese angelica, (Angelica sinensis), popular Chinese folk medicine "dong quai or dang gui", Apiaceae
Dong Quai, Root Powder. Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Sydney red gum, (Angophora costata), gum myrtle, smooth barked apple, "gum tree", Australia, Myrtaceae
Angophora costata, Australian National Herbarium

Angostura, (Angostura trifoliata), folk medicine, Angostura Bark used in "Abbot's bitters"
It is not in "Angostura bitters", which was first produced in the town of Angostura, renamed Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, Rutaceae.

Peyote cactus, (Anhalonium lewinii), small spineless cactus, produces mental conditions that simulate false "spiritual" or "transcendental" or "mystic" states | Mescaline, C11H17NO3 | Cactaceae

Kangaroo paw, (Anigozanthos flavidus), widely opened flowers, Australia, Haemadoreaceae
Kangaroo paws are quick growing, very hardy plants, with red and green flowers.

Mountain henbane, (Anisodus tanguticus), Chinese folk medicine | Anisodine | Anisodamine | Hyoscyamine | Scopolamine | western China, Tibetan plateau, Solanaceae

Mersawa durian, (Anisoptera laevis), tall tree with helicopter double-winged seed dispersal, Dipterocarpaceae
The timber is extremely popular as a plywood species in Malaysia, and is used in light construction.