School Science Lessons
2024-01-05
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Genus names, A, (Abelia to Anisoptera)

Table of contents
Glossy abelia, (Abelia x grandiflora), (hybrid: Abelia chinensis x Abelia uniflora) many cultivars, deciduous, evergreen shrub. up to 3 m, glossy green foliage, pink flowers, garden plant and hedging plant, Caprifoliaceae
Okra, (Abelmoschus esculentus), lady's finger, gumbo, perennial, musk-scented seeds, herbal medicine, Asia, Africa tropics, Malvaceae
"Queensland greens", (Abelmoschus manihot), aibika, hibiscus cabbage, musk mallow, Pacific cabbage, bele, pele, kabis, hardy plant, 2 m+, leaves 29% protein, use raw and cooked, used in salad, meat and savoury dishes, herbal medicine, high nutritional value, Malvaceae
Musk mallow, (Abelmoschus moschatus), abelmosk, moschatus, musk okra, native rosella, annual hibiscus, ambrette seed, ornamental okra, rose mallow, tropical jewel hibiscus, Egyptian alcee, target-leaved hibiscus, aromatic, perennial herb, up to 2 m, eat pods, leaves and new shoots, essential oil | ambrette seed oil, musk seed oil, musky amber odour | Ambrettolide | Ambrettolic Acid | Farnesol | Palmitic acid | herbal medicine, aphrodisiac, flavour coffee, perfume hair and pillows, infusions, root mucilage, laxative, treat hormone imbalance, ornamental, India, Malvaceae
"Musk mallow", (Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. 'moschatus'), native to India, in southern China, tropical Asia, Pacific region, New South Wales, Malvaceae
Abelmoschus manihot, Aibika, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Native rosella, (Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. 'tuberosus'), in South-east Asia, and northern Australia, in seasonally wet areas, flowers last for one day only, musk-scented seeds, leaves, shoots and tuberous roots eaten raw or cooked, emulsion from seeds used as breath sweetener, insecticide, relieves itching when mixed with milk, Australian native food, Malvaceae
Abelmoschus moschatus tuberosus, Musk mallow, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Abelmoschus moschatus, Native rosella, ANPSA
Sweet sand-verbena, (Abronia fragrans), Vanilla fragrant, upright sprawling perennial, showy blooms, groundcover in rock gardens, Nyctaginaceae
Jequirity bean, (Abrus precatorius), crab's eye, rosary pea, akar saga, jumbie bead, gidgee-gidgee, precatory bean, wild liquorice, climber, seeds used as beads,damaged seeds are extremely toxic | Abrin | herbal medicine, India, Fabaceae.
Akar saga, Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia
Mei li xiang si zi, (Abrus pulchellus), shrub with slender wide-climbing woody branches, deciduous, leaves nearly sessile, purple flowers crowded in short tubercles, on long axillary raceme, dark red pods | highly toxic glycoprotein pulchellin C15H22O4 | ( A. pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis medicinal plant in southern China), India, Malaysia, Fabaceae.
Indian mallow, (Abutilon theophrasti), China jute. Chinese lantern, Brazilian bell-flower, rug-making fibres, weed, South America, Malvaceae
Acacia species
Acacia species, Australian National Herbarium
Jam wattle, (Acacia acuminata), mangart, raspberry-jam wattle, understory shrub in semi-arid open forest, up to 7 m, green phyllodes with long point, clusters of yellow flowers on cylindrical spikes, brown pods, edible seds and orange resin, hardwood smells like raspberries, Australian native food, tolerant of drought and salt, Australia, Fabaceae
White ball acacia, (Acacia angustissima), fern acacia, prairie acacia, thornless shrub, up to 7 m, single short trunk, bipinnate leaves, leaf stalks and leaf branchlets covered with of soft hairs, white flowers in globular clusters, flat, thin-walled pods, circular seeds about 3.2 mm across, invasive, forms dense thorny thickets, root used to produce drink pulque in Mexico, Mexico. Fabaceae
Coastal acacia, (Acacia cyclops), red-eyed wattle, slow growing dense bushy shrub, up to 8 m, grows in very dry areas, light-green foliage and simple flattened phyllodes, yelow flowers, pods remain on the plant, brown seeds, tolerates drought, sand-blast and salinity, used to stabilize coastal dunes. produces high-quality firewood, invasive and difficult to remove or replace, (Greek cyclops 'round-eye', because coiling tendency of the fruits), Australia, Fabaceae
Blackwood, (Acacia melanoxylon), Australia, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Brigalow, (Acacia harpophylla), spearwood, timber tree, dense foliage, up to 25 m, blue-grey sickle-shaped phyllodes, globular yellow flowers. almost black hard furrowed bark, root-suckering invasive, Australia, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Wiralda mimosa, (Acacia provincialis), Australia, Fabaceae
Witchetty bush, (Acacia kempeana), often infested by witchetty grubs, larval stage of large cossid wood moth Endoxyla leucomochla, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Gum arabic tree, (Acacia nilotica), babul, Egyptian thorn, thorn mimosa, weed in Australia, Africa, Middle east, India, Fabaceae
Gum acacia, (Acacia senegal) | E414 | acacia gum, used for skin complaints, Fabaceae
Shittim wood, (Acacia seyal), talh, red acacia, ("And they shall make an ark of shittim wood:" the Bible: Exodus 25:10), Fabaceae
Curara, (Acacia tetragonophylla), dead finish seed, kurara, sharp-pointed needle-like leaves, traditional medicine, tannins, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Acacia tetragonophylla, Curara, Botanic Gardens of South Australia
Sandplain wattle, (Acacia murrayana), used for commercial production of wattleseed, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Mulga wattle, (Acacia aneura), acacia gum, wild gum, widely distributed, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Acacia aneura, Australian National Herbarium
Wattle, acacia wattle, wattle, gum arabic, tannin bark, gum arabic, tannins, balsams, resins, seedlings have pinnate leaves replaced in older plants by phyllodes, i.e. green flattened petioles, leaf base for pulvinus to turn lamina, Australia, South Africa, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Wattleseed are the edible seed from many species of Acacia, some used for commercial production of wattleseed flour with low glycemic index for diabetics, and for bush bread, sauces and deserts, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Harvest wattleseed from Acacia aneura, A. pycnantha, A. retinodes, A. longifolia var. sophorae, A. victoriae.
Wattle, wattles, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Acacia conserved, Australian National Herbarium
Wattle, wattles, Australian National Herbarium
Ear leaf wattle, (Acacia auriculiformis), ear-pod wattle, northern black wattle, up to 30 m, gnarled trunk, fissured bark, dense foliage, ear-shaped legume | Auriculocide, C22H26O10 | L-djenkolic acid, C7H14N2O4S2 | Proacacipetalin C11H17NO6 | used for firewood, timber, shade tree, Fabaceae
Bower wattle, (Acacia cognata), river wattle, up to 10 m, dry sclerophyll forest, linear slightly curved phyllodes 10 cm long and 0.4 cm wide, with sticky resin glands, very small pale lemon staminate flowers, flat pods, dwarf cultivars popular, Fabaceae
Wirewood, (Acacia coriacea), desert oak, river jam, wiry wattle, upright tree, up to 10 m. linear leathery leaves, silvery grey foliage, yellow globular flowers, twisted knobbly large seed pods, Australian native food, an indigenous wattleseed, used in commercial bread in Darwin, ground wattleseed acts as a natural emulsifier to extend shelf life of bread, Fabaceae
Silver wattle, (Acacia dealbata), white lichen covers bark to give silver appearance, widely cultivated ornamental, fragrant and yellow with feathery silver leaves, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Early green wattle, (Acacia decurrens), green wattle | Kaempferol | causes colour of flowers, Fabaceae
Hickory wattle, (Acacia disparrima), Australia, Fabaceae
Dwarf wattle, (Acacia drummondii), ornamental shrub, almost blue foliage, yellow flowers, grown in containers, Australia, Fabaceae
Cedar wattle, (Acacia elata), Australia, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Acacia elata, Cedar Wattle, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Fringe wattle, (Acacia fimbriata), Brisbane wattle tree, fast growing bushy small tree, up to 6 m, dense yellow perfumed ball-shaped flowers, prune to shape, and can be pruned to shape, grow in full sun to a partial shade, hedge or screening plant, Australia, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Acacia fimbriata, Fringe Wattle, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Gossamer wattle , (Acacia floribunda), Australia, subfamily Mimosoideae, Fabaceae
Acacia floribunda, Gossamer Wattle, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Silky wattle, (Acacia holosericea), candelabra wattle, strap wattle, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Acacia holosericea, Australian National Herbarium
Golden rod, (Acacia longifolia), Sydney golden wattle | Kaempferol | causes colour of flowers, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Acacia longifolia, Golden rod, ANPSA
Long-leaf wattle, (Acacia longissima), narrow-leaf wattle, up to 6 m, thin dark green phyllodes, flowers in linear spikes of small staminate flowers, straight or slightly curved seed pods, garden plant, propagation from scarified seed in boiling water, in borders of rainforests in wet or dry sclerophyll forest, Australia, Fabaceae
Black wattle, (Acacia mangium), up to 30 m, drought resistant, mine dump rehabilitation, invasive in Australia, Fabaceae
Black wattle, (Acacia melanoxylon), Australia, Fabaceae
Acacia melanoxylon, Black Wattle, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Mountain hickory wattle, (Acacia penninervis), blackwood, Acacia type specimen, Australia, Fabaceae
Queensland silver wattle, (Acacia podalyriifolia), Fabaceae
Queensland silver wattle, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Golden wattle, (Acacia pycnantha), the national floral emblem of Australia, edible seeds, Australian native food, invasive, Fabaceae
Acacia pycnantha, Golden wattle, ANPSA
Swamp wattle, (Acacia retinodes), water wattle, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Acacia retinodes, Swamp wattle, Australian National Herbarium
Spear wattle, (Acacia rhodoxylon), brown spearwood, small tree, up to 15 m, stem up to 25 cm diameter, fluted stem and branches, dark bark sheds in curly flakes, used for fence posts and decorative goods, Australia, Fabaceae
Sunshine wattle, (Acacia terminalis), Australia, Fabaceae
Coastal wattle, (Acacia sophorae), spreading groundcover shrub, up to 3 m, masses of golden flowers, drought tolerant, salt tolerant, frost hardy, dried seeds used to make flour, coffee-like flavour, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Bee wattle, (Acacia sphaerocephala), large thorns that provide shelter for ants, Fabaceae
Bramble wattle, (Acacia victoriae), gundabluey, prickly wattle, elegant wattle, used for commercial production of wattleseed, Australian native food, has a coffee aroma when roasted, shrub-like tree, large root system, survives drought, in desert areas, Australian native food, Australia, Fabaceae
Acacia victoriae, Bramble Wattle, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Chenille plant, (Acalpha hispida), red hot cat's tail, shrub, callus formation on cut stem, acalyphin, toxic to livestock, India, Euphorbiaceae
Copperleaf, (Acalpha wilkesiana), fire dragon, copper leaf, shrub, multi-coloured foliage, catkin-like flowers, hedging plant, Fiji, Euphorbiaceae
Bear's breeches, (Acanthus mollis), brank usine, sea dock, oyster plant is a herbaceous perennial with soft hairs, underground rhizome, the shape of leaf on Corinthian Greek column capitals, invasive species, Africa, Asia and Mediterranean region, Acanthaceae
Spiny bear's breech, (Acanthus spinosus), herbaceous perennial, up to 150 cm, with leaves deeply cut and spiny margins, having long erect racemes of white flowers, maroon bracts, decorative spiny leaves and bracts formerly used to decorate the capitals of Corinthian and Composite columns, erect spikes of white flowers, spiny purple bracts, dark glossy green leaves imitated in architecture, Europe, Acanthaceae
See diagram: Acanthus spinosus inflorescence
Holly-leaved acanthus, (Acanthus ilicifolius), sea holly, holly-leaved acanthus. holy mangrove | Acanthicifoline | used as asthma and rheumatism medicine, Australia, Southeast Asia, Acanthaceae
Field maple, (Acer campestre), common maple, sugar maple, hedge maple, dog oak, Oregon maple, wine, juice, samara, fruit, deciduous, evergreen trees, sucrose is chief food reserve, dissolved cell sap, widely-planted ornamental, bonsai, England, Sapindaceae
Red snake-bark maple, (Acer capillipes), leaves with side-lobes and sunken parallel veins, Sapindaceae
Cappadocian maple tree, (Acer cappacocicum), many root sprouts, ornamental, Asia, Sapindaceae
Smooth Japanese maple, (Acer palmatum), hand-like leaves, ornamental, Sapindaceae
Sycamore, (Acer pseudoplatanus), sycamore (UK), sycamore maple (US), great maple, plane tree, England naturalized in 17th century, palmately lobed leaves, pink-grey bark, racemes of pink-green flowers, distinct winged fruits called samaras, popular park and town plants, cream timber for furniture, Sapindaceae
Sugar maple, (Acer saccharum), maple sap boiled to make maple syrup, popular hardwood, coloured Autumn foliage, Canada, Sapindaceae
Flamingo bells, (Aceratium ferrigineum), rusty carabeen, (French ferrigineux iron-bearing), to 10 m, large rust-colour leaves, large rosy pink flower, red fleshy edible fruit, tropical rainforest plant, attractive ornamental, wet tropics regions, Australia, Elaeocarpaceae
Yarrow, (Achillea millefolium), common yarrow, white yarrow, thousand-leaved milfoil, nosebleed, carpenter's wort, perennial, hardy plant, feathery silver-grey fern-like foliage, small white daisy-like flowers, groundcover, ornamental, dried flower arrangements, leaves in compost heap act as catalyst for quick breakdown, culinary uses, flowers and leaves in salads, flowers in cooked dishes | Achillin | Anacyclin | Betonicine | Caffeic acid | Chamazulene | Homostachydrine | Stachydrine | Trigonelline | Viburnitol | herbal medicine, temporary relief from colds, diarrhoea, fevers, period pain, aerial parts used as an infusion, (or essential oil), to treat bleeding, wound healing and reduce inflammation, bruises, haemorrhoids, eczema, used for snuff, (in ancient Greece, the yarrow was supposed to have sprung from the rust on the sword of Achilles), yarrow is diuretic so avoid if taking diuretic drugs, e.g. frusemide, indapamide, Northern Hemisphere, Asteraceae
Achillea millefolium, Red Yarrow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Achillea millefolium, White Yarrow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dwarf alpine yarrow, (Achillea nana) | Anacyclin | Asteraceae
Lavender cotton, (Achillea fragrantissima) | Eugenol | Asteraceae
Sneezewort, (Achillea ptarmica), bastard pellitory, perennial, up to 40 cm, infused leaves as insect repellent | Anacyclin | herbal medicine, leaves chewed to relieve toothache, dried leaves powdered sneezing powder, (snuff), culinary uses, leaves in salads, Europe, North America.
Woolly yarrow, (Achillea tomentosa), yellow yarrow, up to 50 cm, herbaceous perennial, terminal inflorescence of yellow flowers, woody, underground rhizome, Asteraceae
Achillea tomentosa, Woolly Yarrow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Basil thyme, (Acinos arvensis), spring savory, mother of thyme, up to 20 cm, needs sunlight, smells like mild thyme, former folk medicine, lessens toothache pain, Lamiaceae
(A savory is an aromatic plant of the mint family, used as a culinary herb.)
Toothache plant, (Acmella oleracea), paracress, electric daisy, jambu, up to 30 cm yellow flowers, antiseptic leaves, rubbed on toothache, teething baby, mouth sores, relief with quick anaesthetic effect, natural antibiotic leaves eaten fresh like cress and added to salads have been found to give relief for thrush and candida | Spilanthol | Brazil, Asteraceae
Toothache plant, (Acmella oleracea), Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Monkshood, (Aconitum napellus), wolfsbane, helmetflower, up to 1 m, hairless stems and leaves, spectacular indigo-blue hooded flowers, popular plant but one of the most poisonous in common cultivation, all parts poisonous, Ranunculaceae
Aconitum bulleyanum
Aconitum carmichaelii, Aconine
Aconitum japonicum, Aconine
Aconitum monticola, Delsoline
Aconitum variegatum
Aconitum vulparia, Wolfsbane
Sweet flag, (Acorus calamus), calamus, sweet cane, jerangau, bach, vacha, herbaceous perennial, symbol of love, said to be aphrodisiac, solid spadix said to represent penis from one side of triangular flower stems, small crowded green-yellow flowers, up to 75 cm, deciduous, grow in wet ground or in pot with saucer under to retain moisture, few culinary uses, banned as human food or food additive by United States Food and Drug Administration, volatile oil with distinguishing odour and flavour contains mainly beta-asarone | Asarone | used in Ayurvedic medicine used rhizomes to treat intestinal problems, holy anointing oil, (Exodus 30: 23), hallucinogenic, used as incense-strewing and thatching herb, ornamental pond plant, Northern Hemisphere, India, Acoraceae
Dried herb is sold as root pieces or root powder.
Japanese sweet flag, (Acorus gramineus), grassy-leaved sweet flag, grassy clumps of yellow or cream striped leaves, | Methoxycinnamaldehyde | Acoraceae
Variegated sweet flag, (Acorus gramineus variegatus), up to 20 cm, striped leaves, hardy border plant, Acoraceae
Sweet Flag, Acorus calamus, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as root, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
White aspen, (Acronychia oblongifolia), up to 25 m, rare in natural environment, common acronychia, hard aspen, yellow wood, white lilly pilly, Rutaceae
Acronychia oblongifolia, Australian Plants Society
Scented acronychia, (Acronychia littoralis, southern and northern forms, up to 7 m, up to 8 m, grey cylindrical trunk, leaves in opposite pairs, flowers in leaf axils in cymes, cream-yellow, egg-shaped fruit as a spherical drupe with four lobes, crushed foliage releases frangrance, Rutaceae
Doughwood, (Acronychia octandra), silver birch, soapwood, small white flowers, up to 25, slightly buttressed trunk, growing species, grows in rainforests
Lemon aspen, (Acronychia acidula), lemon wood, silver aspen, hard aspen, rainforest tree, up to 15 m, dark green elliptical leaves, small yellow flowers, green to yellow fruits, used for jams with spicy citrus aroma and acidic lemon flavour, harvested as bushfood, Rutaceae
Acronychia acidula, Nurseries Online
Fraser Island apple, (Acronychia imperforata), beach acronychia, evergreen tree, dark glossy leaves, cream flowers, clusters of golden edible fruit, coastal plant, native Australian food, widely propagated, Rutaceae
Acronychia imperforata, Nurseries Online
Native currant, (Acrotriche depressa), ground berries, small evergreen plant, up to 80 cm, small dark green leaves, pale green flowers, edible berries with hard seed, eat berries when deep purple colour and have begun to soften, Australia, Ericaceae.
Black cohosh, (Actaea racemosa), Native American herbal medicine, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, menstruation disorders, hot flushes, menopause problems, (may have estrogen-like effects), lower blood pressure, alcohol content of tinctures, do not use if taking contraceptive pills or hormone replacement therapy, North America, Ranunculaceae
Dried herb sold as root.
Red baneberry, (Actaea rubra), chinaberry, doll's eye, white cohosh, perennial, red fruits, herbal medicine, menstruation problems, poisonous, use in poison arrows, North America, Ranunculaceae
Baneberry, (Actaea spicata), Herb Christopher, herbaceous perennial, up to 60 cm, black berries, poisonous berries, herbal medicine, ornamental, Ranunculaceae
Hardy kiwi frui, (Actinidia aguta), kiwi berry, perennial vine, small version of a kiwi fruit | Actinidine | can be eaten whole, Actinidiaceae
Kiwiberry Actinidia arguta, Daley's Fruit Trees
Golden kiwi fruit, (Actinidia chinensis), dioecious, deciduous climber, up to 9 m, white flowers, fruit has yellow flesh, needs trellis | Actinidine | China, Actinidiaceae
See diagram: Actinidia chinensis.
Kiwi fruit, (Actinidia deliciosa), fuzzy kiwi fruit, (the most popular kiwi fruit) "Chinese gooseberry", because tastes like a gooseberry but not genus Ribes, yangtao, large vine, deciduous, dioecious so use one male plant for six female plants, raphides in leaves, fast-growing fruit, medium, ovoid, brown, hairy, sweet green flesh, used fresh, and in preserves, cooking, propagation from seeds, grafting, flowers dioecious or unisexual, radiating styles, luscious fruit with brown skin and hairs, needs trellis and pruning for fruit production, also ornamental, Chinese herbal medicine, China, Actinidiaceae
Actinidia deliciosa, Gardenia
Silver vine, (Actinidia polygama), cat powder, twining deciduous dioecious climber, up to 6 m, heart-shaped dark green leaves with silver tips (like dipped in paint), scented white flowers, bright orange egg-shape small edible not palatable fruit, plant loved by cats | Actinidine | Iridomyrmecin | Neomatatabiol | Actinidiaceae
Flannel flower, (Actinotus helanthi), up to 50 cm, grey foliage with soft hairs giving flannel-like feel, well-loved plant but limited horticultural use, Australia, Apiaceae
Actinotus helanthi, Australian National Herbarium
Baobab tree, (Adansonia gregorii), Australian baobab, the only baobab species to occur in Australia, bottle tree, dead rat tree, monkey bread tree, swollen base of its trunk to look like a bottle, most parts are edible, medicinal products from leaves, can store water through dry seasons eat pulp that fills the seed pods, decorative paintings, carvings, Australian native food, Malvaceae
See diagram, Baobab tree.
Adansonia gregorii. Baobab tree, ANPSA
Woolly bush, (Adenanthos sericeus), pat bush, Albany woolly bush, silver streak plant, up to 5 m, soft silvery-green foliage, red flowers, occurs in semi-arid dry areas, used a pot plant and Australian Christmas tree, Australia, Proteaceae
Impala lily, (Adenium multiflorum), funnel-shaped flower, fish and arrow poison, ornamental, Arabian peninsula, Southern Africa, Apocynaceae
Adenium multiflorum, SANBI
Desert rose, (Adenium obesum), potted plant, digitalis-like glycosides, Apocynaceae
Trail plant, (Adenocaulon bicolor), pathfinder, leaf top surface dark green, underside white woolly, used to follow trail of person who disturbed leaves, North America, Asteraceae
Cooper's glandweed, (Adenophyllum cooperi), perennial shrub, unpleasant odour, common along roadsides, Mojave National Reserve, North America, Asteraceae
Sticky daisy, (Adenostemma lavenia, Verbesina lavenia), erect annual up to 1 m tall, weed, Sri Lanka, Australia, Asteraceae
Tiup-tiup, (Adinandra dumosa), fruits dispersed by fruit bats, Singapore, Theaceae
Adiantum species, Family Pteridaceae, maidenhair fern family
Autumn adonis, (Adonis annua), pheasant's eye, red chamomile, scarlet flowers, feathery leaves, (in myth of Adonis, sprung up from his blood when killed by a wild boar), Ranunculaceae
Summer adonis, (Adonis aestivalis), red pheasant's eye, decorative, tap root, up to 50 cm, small purple to yellow flowers with dark purple blotch, low severity poison to humans and livestock, invasive in US pastures and roadsides, Europe, Ranunculaceae
Spring adonis, (Adonis vernalis), yellow pheasant's eye, false hellebore, poisonous, finely-divided leaves, annual and perennial herb, bright-coloured flowers, borders and rock gardens, glucoside mixture from this plant called Adonidin was used formerly as a cardiac stimulant, herbal medicine, supposed to treat heart disorders where degenerating muscle produces rapid and feeble motion, Europe and cooler Asia, Ranunculaceae
Moschatel, (Adoxa moschatellina), muskroot, five-faced bishop, town hall clocks, herbaceous perennial, musk-like fragrance in certain months, Adoxaceae
(A fragrance is a pleasant, sweet smell.)
See diagram: Adoxa moschatellina.
African baobab, (Adansonia digitata), dead-rat-tree, monkey-bread-tree, Africa, Asia
Silver vase, (Aechmea fasciata), urn plant, may cause contact dermatitis, houseplant, Brazil, Bromeliaceae
Matchsticks, (Aechmea gamosepala), herbaceous perennial, pointed sepals, red bracts, Brazil, Bromeliaceae
River Mangrove, (Aegicerus corniculatum), in Brisbane City Botanic Gardens, small white flowers, understory to white mangrove, Queensland, Primulaceae
Bael tree, (Aegle marmelos), only one species, bilva, wood apple, Bengal quince, stone apple, (Tamil name: vilvam), kuvilam, it is a large, thorny, slow-growing, deciduous tree with dimorphic branches, trifoliate leaves and globose fruits, with hard, smooth, grey-yellow pericarp shell, used fresh or dried or in sherbert or tasty marmalade, which smells of roses, herbal medicine, root and bark decoction for fevers, inflammation, propagation from seeds, (holy fruit linked to Lord Shiva), India, Ceylon, Rutaceae
See diagram: Aegle marmelos fruit.
Herb gerard, (Aegopodium podagrarium), ashweed, goutweed, goat herb, ground elder, English masterwort, perennial, in shady places, spring leaf vegetable, herbal medicine, supposed to cure gout, ornamental, weed, underground rhizomes hard to eradicate, Europe, Apiaceae
See diagram: Goutweed, Aegopodium podagraria
Aeollanthus saxatilis, can live in copper-rich soils, Congo, Lamiaceae
Aeschynanthus lobbianus, dark green fleshy leaves, trailing stems, houseplant, Gesneriaceae
American jointvetch, (Aeschynomene americana), shyleaf, introduced forage, green manure, and land reclamation in wetlands, naturalized in subtropics and become an invasive weed in pastures, agricultural lands, along roadsides, tropical Americas, Fabaceae
Brazilian jointvetch (Aeschynomene brasiliana), perennial, up to 2 m. bristly sticky stems, yellow flowers, invasive in dry tropical areas, little value as cattle feed, South America, Fabaceae
Panicle jointvetch, (Aeschynomene paniculata), little value as cattle feed, now targeted for eradication in Australia, because it invades and replaces pasture and native plants, tropical Americas, Fabaceae
Chinese horse chestnut, (Aesculus chinensis), herbal medicine | Aescin | Sapindaceae
Horse chestnut, (Aesculus hippocastanum), buckeye, deciduous, large palmate leaves, panicles of white to red flowers, seasonal differences in twig growth, buds, lenticels, seeds bitter and inedible, hard dark brown seed case containing | Aescin | in a prickly fruit, herbal medicine, treat varicose veins, may irritate gastrointestinal tract and interfere with action of drugs, e.g. blood thinners - warfarin, widely-planted ornamental, North America, temperate Europe and Asia, (naturalized), Sapindaceae
A "conker" is horse chestnut seed on a string, used in a children's game where each child tries to break the other's conker.
Dried herb is sold as seeds.
See diagram: Aesculus indica, (Kew Gardens).
Seed of heaven, (Aframomum melegueta), grains of paradise, ossame, African pepper, jinguenga, heaven fruit, trumpet-shaped purple flowers, red seeds taste like pepper | Aromatic ketones | folk medicine, some anti-diabetic and anti-obese medical properties, swamp habitats, West Africa, Zingiberaceae
Seed of heaven, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Lily-of-the-Nile, (Agapanthus praecox), common agapanthus, blue lily, strong-growing perennials, garden edges and backgrounds, hardy perennial herbs, strap-shaped leaves, large handsome umbels of blossom, invasive, Southern Africa, Alliaceae
African blue lily, (Agapanthus africanus), clump forming plant, dense fleshy roots, arching strap-like dark green leave, scented tubular purple flowers, popular garden plant, Southern Africa, Alliaceae
Mountain bells, (Agapetes meiniana), small evergreen shrub or straggly climber, glossy green leaves, bright red new growth, bright red waxy tubular flowers. grows in dense highland rainforest, Australia, Ericaceae
Hummingbird mint, (Agastache aurantiaca), giant hyssop, small aromatic perennial, fragrant showy flowers, desert ornamental, New Mexico, cultivar, Lamiaceae
Agastache 'Sweet Lili', (Agastache aurantiaca), Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Anise hyssop, (Agastache foeniculum), blue giant hyssop, mosquito plant, short-lived herbaceous perennial, up to 60 cm, clump forming, flowers with two-lipped corolla, many upright purple-blue flower spikes, abundant nectar for bees, Estragole, culinary uses, refreshing aniseed-flavoured tea, flavouring, food, leaves in apple pie, ornamental, Mexico, Lamiaceae
Anise Hyssop, Agastache foeniculum, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Korean mint, (Agastache rugosa), purple giant hyssop, anise-flavoured, mint-like spice, Anisaldehyde, , Methoxycinnamaldehyde, Pachypodol.
Round leaf buchu, (Agathosma betulina), evergreen shrub, up to 2 m, capsule fruit releases seeds | Quercetin 3,3'-dimethyl ether 4'-glucoside, C23H24O12 | folk medicine, South Africa, Rutaceae
Buchu, (Agathosma betulina), round leaf buchu, mountain buchu, short buchu, bookoo, bucku, bucco, essential oil, phenolic compounds, herbal medicine, gastrointestinal disorders, diuretic, antiseptic, brandy tincture called "buchu tea" still used, blackcurrant taste, herbal medicine, South Africa, Rutaceae
Longleaf buchu, (Agathosma serratifolia), flavanone glycoside | Hesperidin, C28H34O15, in leaves | South Africa, Rutaceae
Century plant, (Agave americana) maguey, peyote, American aloe, xerophyte, to 1.2 m, blue-grey strap-like spiny leaves, tall cluster of flowers inflorescence, up to 12 m, (flowers only once up to 30 years, not after 100 years!), long leaf fibres, sap natural insecticide, herbal medicine, diuretic, constipation, burns, as houseplant usually variegated varieties, grown in tub on patio, used to make pulque (mescal) and tequila, national drink of Mexico, succulent, drought resistant, ornamental, Asparagaceae
See diagram: Agave americana.
Agave, (Agave attenuata), large succulent garden plant, lamina modified for water storage, leaf has very thick cuticle, in three distinct layers, houseplant, Asparagaceae.
Caribbean agave, (Agave angustifolia), tropical cultivar, garden plant | Agavoside A | Oxalic acid | Asparagaceae
Cantala, (Agave cantala), maguey, produce hard fibres, xerophyte, Asparagaceae
Thread agave, (Agave filifera), round rosette of fleshy pointed leaves with thread-like growths, houseplant, Asparagaceae
Henequen, (Agave fourcroydes), Mexican sisal, used to produce twines, fibre from leaf tissue, Asparagaceae
Mexican fibre, (Agave lecheguilla), thistle, weed, Asparagaceae
Butterfly agave, (Agave potatorum), used to produce a drink, Mexico, Asparagaceae
Sisal, (Agave sisalana), sisal hemp, widely cultivated fibre plant, leaves used to produce sisal "hemp" for cords, twine and matting produce cytisine for tequila | Raphides | Agavoside A | Hentriacontan-1-ol | Tigogenin | Hecogenin | used for synthesis of Cortisone
(Sisal is a port in Yucatan, Mexico), Asparagaceae
Queen Victoria agave, (Agave victoriae-regina), spherical rosette of dull green, white-edged, triangular leaves, houseplant, Asparagaceae
Crofton weed, (Ageratina adenophora), snakeroot, Mexican devil, eupatory, invasive weed, poisonous to horses, Mexico, Asteraceae
Creeping crofton weed, (Ageratina riparia), cat's paw, mistweed, sprawling, low-growing perennial herb, 40-60 cm tall, invasive, Asteraceae
Billygoat-weed, (Ageratum conyzoides), flossflower, rumput tahi ayam, annual herb, long-lasting flowers, ornamental, herbal medicine, | Hydrocyanic acid | Eugenol | Coumarin | Malaysia, Central America, Asteraceae
Flossflower, (Ageratum houstonianum), blue billy goat weed, pussy foot, blueweed, annual, garden bedding, usually blue thread-like flowers, affects insect growth hormones, invasive, Central America, Asteraceae
Boodyarra, (Aglaia brownii), up to 8 -12 m, large leaves, brown stellate scales, showy white-yellow flowers, orange-yellow ribbed fruit, rainforest plant, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Meliaceae
Smooth-fruited aglaia, (Aglaia sapindina), brown scales or stellate hairs. small oil dots on leaves, perfumed flowers, embryonic leafy shoot between the cotyledons are densely hairy, rainforest understory plant, Australia, Pacific Islands, Meliaceae
Willow myrtle, (Agonis reflexuosa), Western Australian peppermint, Swan River peppermint, broad spreading weeping canopy, dome-shaped tree, up to 15 m, crushed leaves emit peppermint aroma, small white flowers, planted in parks and street verges, Australia, Myrtaceae
Agonis reflexuosa, Australian Native Plants Society
Agrimony, (Agrimonia eupatoria), cocklebur, sticklewort, church steeples, hardy plant, on hedge banks, sides of fields, waste places, upright brown spike covered with soft, silky hairs, many small yellow flowers at the top, alternate hairy leaves, pinnate divided with toothed leaflets, burr-like fruit, with hooked bristles, crushed leaves and flowers lemon-like scent, used to produce yellow dye, used as border ornamental, attracts bees, culinary uses, tea has apricot-like flavour | Agrimophol | herbal medicine, eye wash, back rub from leaves infused in baby oil, Rosaceae
Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Dried herb sold as aerials.
Couch grass, (Agropyron repens), English couch grass, couch grass, dog's grass, twitch, western wheat grass, herbal medicine, Poaceae
Dried herb sold as rhizome, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Tree of heaven, (Ailanthus altissima), ailanthus, baked sewage tree, China sum, chouchun, 'bad smell tree", tall, deciduous, tree, leaves 40 cm long, small white-yellow flowers, male and female flowers are produced on different plants, winged red fruit, formation of abscission layer before leaf fall, poison suckers, invasive, North China, Simaroubaceae
Coyure palm, (Aiphanes horrida), spiny palm, eat fruit | Carotene, C40H56 | Piceatannol | used to make candles, South America, Arecaceae
Macaw palm, (Aiphanes erosa), Martinique, Arecaceae
Coyure palm, (Aiphanes caryotifolia). popular glasshouse palm, South America, Arecaceae
Bugle, (Ajuga reptans), common bugle, bugleweed, carpetweed, ground pine, perennial, creeping groundcover for shady places, hardy plant. but invasive mildew infection, short spikes of labiate blue-purple or white flowers, bruised leaves were used to heal cuts and bruises, bugle tea folk medicine | Ajugalactone | Cyasterone | Polypodine B | herbal medicine for hangovers, but may be too dangerous to drink, Lamiaceae
Ajuga reptans, Common Bugle, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Australian bugle, (Ajuga australis), local medicine use to treat boils and sores, ornamental, ground cover, wide range in Australia, Lamiaceae
Yellow bugle, (Ajuga chamaepitys), ground-pine | Ajugalactone | Cyasterone | Makisterone B | Lamiaceae
Southern bugle, (Ajuga iva), herb ivy | Ferulic acid | Lamiaceae
Bugleweed, (Ajuga pyramidalis), carpetweed, pyramidal ajuga, spreading plant, deep blue flowers, Lamiaceae
Junihitoe (Japanese language), (Ajuga nipponensis Makino) | Ecdysone | Ajugose | folk medicine, used to treat coughs, fluid retention, inflammation, liver disease, boosts immunity but more evidence is needed to approve these treatments, side effects can include diarrhea and vomiting, widespread in China and Japan, Lamiaceae
Wanjiru Wa Rurii (Kikuyu language), (Ajuga remota) | Adjugarin | Ergosterol-5,8-endoperoxide | 8-O-Acetylharpagide | folk medicine, treat fevers including malaria, Lamiaceae
Ajuga reptans 'bugle', carpenter's herb, middle comfrey, sicklewort, Lamiaceae
Ajuga reptans 'multicolor', groundcover, "Burgandy Lace" cultivar, Lamiaceae
Ajuga reptans 'purpurea', groundcover, most commonly grown, Lamiaceae
Ajuga reptans 'variegata', groundcover, green leaves edged with cream, Lamiaceae
Turnipwood, (Akania bidwillii), white to pink fragrant flowers, red round fruit, cut wood has odour like turnips, subtropical Australia, monotypic genus of Alkaniaceae
Silk tree, (Albizia julibrissin), Persian silk tree, white siris, pink siris | Albizziin, C4H9N3O3 | Noradrenaline | Turgorin, [C13H15O13S]- | West Asia, Fabaceae
Albizia julibrissin rosea, Silk tree, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Lebbeck tree, (Albizia lebbeck), siris tree, woman's tongue tree, hard wood, soil binder, shade tree | Albizziin, C4H9N3O3 | folk remedies, saponins and tannins in bark, Fabaceae
See diagram, Albizia lebbeck | Dried herb sold as bark powder.
Cape wattle, (Albizia lophanta) crested wattle, Cape Leeuwin wattle, | Albizziin, C4H9N3O3 | Djenkolic acid, C7H14N2O4S2, toxic | invasive, Australia, Fabaceae
Worm-cure albizia, (Albizia anthelmentica), cabbage tree, cabbage bark, angelin, herbal medicine, (bark is antihelminthic), | Albizziine, C4H9N3O3 | Desglucomusennin, C45H72O16 | Echinocystic acid, C36H56O10 | Musennin, C51H82O21 | Fabaceae
Hollyhock, (Alcea rosea), marsh mallow, biennial / perennial, herbal medicine as tea, Chinese cuisine, ornamental, Malvaceae
Garden lady's mantle, (Alchemilla mollis), (lady's mantle of Virgin Mary), (dew collected by alchemists for experiments), garden herb, herbal remedy, astringent, ornamental, Rosaceae
Lady's mantle, (Alchemilla vulgaris), common lady's mantle, bear's foot, perennial, up to 40 cm, attractive plant, unique light green leaves, yellow-green flowers, astringent, flavonoids, culinary uses, few young leaves in salads, folk medicine, gynaecological, digestive and skin disorders, Turkey, Rosaceae
Alchemilla vulgaris Lady's Mantle, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb sold as aerials.
Beach bird's-eye, (Alectryon coriaceus), beach alectryon, hardy coastal plant, up to 5 m, thick leathery leaves, tiny green-yellow flowers, small petals, edible red and black fruit, useful coastal windbreak, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
See diagram, Alectryon coriaceus, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Alectryon coriaceus, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Hairy alectryon, (Alectryon tomentosus), hairy bird's eye, red jacket, up to 15 m, small pink to red flowers, brown hairy fruit, shiny black toxic seeds, hairy leaves and shoots, rainforest tree, common garden plant, Australia, Sapindaceae
Indian walnut, (Aleurites moluccanus), candlenut, buah keras, carie nut, spreading evergreen tree, up to 20 m, candlenut oil is a fixed oil, wild food plant, fragrant small white flowers clustered at the ends of branches spreading crown of large alternate leaves, two clearly visible glands at the base of the leaf, brown fruit envelops nuts, used in Indonesian dishes, curry pastes and meat tenderiser, but nuts should not be eaten raw as toxin in the oil ias an irritant can cause abdominal cramps and vomiting, sap can cause contact dermatitis, vigorous self seeder, Euphorbiaceae.
See diagram: Candlenut.
See diagram: Candlenut fruits.
Candlenut, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Mu oil tree, (Aleurites cordata), chine oil tree, Corilagin, Eleosteric acid, Mallotusinic acid, Euphorbiaceae.
Tung oil tree, (Aleurites fordii), used to penetrate wood, seal against moisture in paints and varnishes, because it dries hard, may be carcinogenic, Diterpenoid diesters, Trimethoxycoumarin, Euphorbiaceae.
Candlenut, (Aleurites rockinghamensis), large straight trunk rainforest tree, grey bark with long vertical fissures, young shoots and terminal buds have cream or brown hairs, silvery hairs on its new leaves, two green or black glands on the petiole, white flowers, pink to red new leaves, brown fruit, Australian native food and folk medicine to treat fungal infections, resin used to preserves fishing lines, timber used for making tools, Euphorbiaceae.
Alkanet, (Alkanna tinctoria), alkanna. dyer's alkanet, dyer's bugloss, Spanish bugloss, bright blue flower, red dye from roots | Alkannin | used in cosmetics, astringent, root antibacterial, antipruritic, astringent, used topically for treatment of skin wounds, varicose veins, indolent ulcers, bed sores and itching rashes, used orally for diarrhoea, cough, and gastric ulcers, can be dried for later use, root's radical scavenging activity suggests antiaging effects, dye used in thermometers, acid-base indicator, wood stain, Alkannin, drought tolerant in alkaline soils, France, Boraginaceae
The other plants that may be called "alkanet", include Anchusa officinalis, A. barrelieri, A. ochroleuca, Lithospermum arvense and Pentaglottis sempervirens, but the name should be reserved for (Alkanna tinctoria).
See diagram Alkanna tinctoria.
Allamanda, (Allamanda cathartica), "Schotti", golden trumpet, ornamental shrub, evergreen shrub, ornamental, sprawling climber, simple opposite leaves or whorls of 3-4, large, yellow, showy, trumpet-like flowers, white milky sap | Allamandin | herbal medicine, purgative, induce vomiting | Allamandin | toxic, tropical America, Apocynaceae
See diagram Allamanda
Allamanda Purple allamanda, (Allamanda blanchetii), purple flowers, ornamental, Brazil, Apocynaceae
Garlic mustard, (Alliaria petiolata), jack-by-the-hedge, hedge garlic, penny hedge, sauce-alone, poor man's mustard, short-lived perennial, up to 75 cm, spikes of white flowers, crushed heart-shaped leaves have garlic-like smell, culinary uses in salads, herbal medicine, diuretic, invasive, Brassicaceae.
Allium, (Latin: Allium garlic), many species of bulbous perennials and biennials in this genus include ornamentals and pungent bulbs.
Some species were used for herbal medicine, and in magicical practices.
Most plants have strap-like or tubular and hollow blue-green leaves, with brightly coloured flowers in rounded heads, long stems, and may be cultivated for their pungent bulbs.
The characteristic onion or garlic taste and odour may be derived from cysteine sulfoxides.
See: 5.1 Allium species vegetable crops, Amaryllidaceae
Bunching onion, (Allium fistulosum), Amaryllidaceae
Chinese chives, (Allium tuberosum), Amaryllidaceae
Garlic, (Allium sativum var. sativum), Amaryllidaceae
Garlic chives, (Allium tuberosum), Amaryllidaceae
Leek, (Allium ampeloprasum), Amaryllidaceae
Onion, (Allium cepa), Amaryllidaceae
Rocambole, (Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon), Amaryllidaceae
Sand leek, (Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon), Amaryllidaceae
Scallion, (Allium cepa var. cepa), Amaryllidaceae
Serpent garlic, (Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon), Amaryllidaceae
Shallot, (Allium cepa var. aggregatum), eschalot, Amaryllidaceae
Spring onion, (Allium cepa var. cepa), Amaryllidaceae
Tree onion, (Allium x proliferum), Amaryllidaceae
Mt Emu she-oak, (Allocasuarina emuina), low-growing, slender flowering shrub, Australia, Casuarinaceae
She-oaks are used in street plantings and have foliage that resembles pine needles.
Bull oak, (Allocasuarina leuhmannii), used for screen or hedge or windbreak or craft wood for turning and polishing.very hard timber, Australia, Casuarinaceae
Black she-oak, (Allocasuarina littoralis), columnar habit, used for roadside plantings, parks, windbreaks and shelterbelts, dioecious, male plants have showy red flowers Australia, Casuarinaceae
Rigid she-oak, (Allocasuarina rigida), grows on volcanic outcrops in exposed situations, Australia, Casuarinaceae
Forest oak, (Allocasuarina torulosa), forest she-oak, she-oak, up to 10 m, spreading tree with weeping needle-like leaves, which turn rusty red when flowering, Australia, Casuarinaceae
Allocasuarina torulosa, Forest oak, Daleys fruit Tree Nursery
Drooping she-oak, (Allocasurina verticillata), Australia, Casuarinaceae
Allocasurina verticillata, National Arboretum
Tree waratah, (Alloxylon flammeum), up to 25 m, large red flowers pollinated by birds, rainforest emergent tree, Australia, Proteaceae
Alloxylon flammeum, Tree waratah, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Alder, (Alnus glutinosa), common alder tree, European black alder, English alder, sticky young shoots and leaves, deciduous tree, England, Betulaceae
Native lily, (Alocasia brisbanensis), cunjevoi lily, poisonous | Oxalates | dermatitis, edible if very well cooked, Australian native food, Araceae
Plants in the Araceae family are called aroids.
Aroids, (spadix inflorescence inside spathe), may contain Raphides, e.g. calamus, coco yam, monsterio, taro.
Alocasia brisbanensis, Cunjevoi lily, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Alocasia brisbanensis, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Chinese taro, (Alocasia cucullata), hooded dwarf elephant's ear, Chinese medicine, poisonous, calcium oxalate, houseplant, Araceae
Alocasia cucullata, Chinese taro, Plantophiles
"Alocasia banana", (Indonesia), (Alocasia fornicata), edible vegetable, but contains calcium oxalate, Indonesia, India, Araceae
Alocasia fornicata, Selina Wamucii
Giant taro, (Alocasia macrorrhizos), elephant ear taro, kape, | Raphides | Philippines, Araceae
Alocasia macrorrhizos, Nurseries Online
Night-scented lily, (Alocasia odora), giant upright elephant's ear, poisonous | Raphides |, Araceae
Alocasia odora, Gardenia
Kris plant, (Alocasia sanderiana), not edible, ornamental foliage, Araceae
Alocasia sanderiana, lebotanist
Barbados aloe, (Aloe vera), "true aloe", Chinese aloe, Indian aloe, Burn aloe, "First Aid Plant", perennial, stemless, rosette of tapering toothed succulent leaves, fleshy lamina modified for water storage, up to 100 cm, thick and fleshy, green to grey leaves containing thick, colourless juice, leaf margins serrated with small white teeth, erect spike with yellow pendulous flowers with tubular corolla on a spike up to 90 cm high, very bitter-tasting cramping sap so do not swallow, used in baby powder, cosmetics | Emodin | in yellow latex resin exudate from under plant skin | Aloe-emodin | Coumarin | Aloin | in clear aloe gel in inner part of plant leaf, herbal medicine, antibacterial, antiviral, immune stimulant, nutrients to stimulate wound healing, fresh leaf mucilage used to treat bed sores, burns, itching, radiation burns, shingles, skin problems, sunburn, wound healing, psoriasis, however many drug interactions, (commercial product specifies it contains "inner leaf gel", to avoid containing | Anthraquinone | no culinary uses, other ornamental Aloe species contain astringent sap so do not use them on damaged skin, Mediterranean region, Asphodelaceae
See diagram: Aloe vera
Aloe vera, Aloe, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Dried herb is sold as leaf powder.
Aloe vera extract powder will reconstitute into Aloe vera gel.
Aloe vera, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Candelabra aloe, (Aloe candelabra), tree-like aloe, perennial, succulent, erect growth, fleshy leaves, more than 60 cm, forms roots easily from stem cuttings, root easily from stems | Aloenin | herbal medicine, analgesic, anaesthetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, clear inner gel of leaves is used for cuts, bruises and sunburn, used for many internal and external uses, tonic, cold sores, scalds, nappy rash, dandruff, after-shave, sunburn, called "living First Aid plant", culinary uses, invasive weed, (houseplant), Asphodelaceae
Do not take dried leaf internally.
Do not use gel externally on surgical incision.
Juice extract and aerials sold as powder.
| Aloe-emodin | Aloesin
| Arabinose | Aloin | Asphodelaceae
Aloe ballyi, Aloe elata and Aloe ruspoliana are poisonous and have a smell of rats.
Aloe Candelabra, Aloe arborescens, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Rat aloe, (Aloe ballyi), tree aloe | Coniceine | poisonous, Asphodelaceae
Aloe barbadensis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Quiver tree, (Aloe dichotoma), tall branching plant, used for arrows, South Africa, Asphodelaceae
Cape aloe, (Aloe ferox), bitter aloe, red aloe, thick, fleshy leaves, red-brown spines, stem up to 45 cm, red-brown spines on leaf margins, herbal medicine, purgative, leaf gel in cosmetics, (houseplant), South Africa, Asphodelaceae
Aloe ferox, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as aerials powder.
Rubble aloe, (Aloe perfoliata), mitre aloe, prostrate, branching stems, along the ground, fleshy blue-green leaves, spines around edges, red flowers on stalks, common landscaping plant, (houseplant), South Africa, Asphodelaceae
See diagram Aloe perfoliata.
Perry's aloe, (Aloe perryi), socratine aloe, rocky areas, leaves with red spines, aromatic odour like saffron, unpleasant bitter taste, herbal medicine, burns, sunburn, Yemen, Asphodelaceae
Perry's Aloe, Aloe perryi, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Soap aloe, (Aloe maculata), zebra aloe, H-shaped spots, flat-topped flower head | Aloesin | herbal medicine, gel for skin complaints, southern Africa, Asphodelaceae
Tiger aloe, (Aloe variegata), partridge-breasted aloe, up to 30 cm, rosette of triangular, dark green leaves, V-shaped white bands, ornamental foliage, used for landscape planting, planting into containers and bowls, (houseplant), Asphodelaceae
Lemon verbena, (Aloysia citrodora), lime verbena, lemon beebrush, herb louisa, white brush, bee brush, attractive deciduous perennial, up to 1 metre, leaves in whorls of three, herbal medicine, grow in pots, full sun, free-draining moist soil, not tolerate frost, culinary uses, fruit salads, punches, summer drinks strong lemon flavour from citral terpenes, cultivated for oil, lemon-scented leaves as herbal tea and food flavouring, and when dried and added to soup long lasting aroma | Citral | Linalool | Verbenone | herbal medicine, digestive, South America, Verbenaceae
Essential oil may sensitise skin to sunlight, and large doses of its tea may cause gastric irritation.
Aloysia citrodora, Lime Verbena, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb sold as aerials.
Lemon Verbena Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Red ash, (Alphitonia excelsa), soap tree, soapwood, leatherjacket, up to 25 m, ornamental, fodder plant for sheep and cattle, useful wood for buildings, shade tree, scratched wood smells like sarsaparilla, Australian natives' folk medicine, Australia, Rhamnaceae
Alphitonia excelsa, Australian National Herbarium
White ash, (Alphitonia petriei), white-leaf, pink ash. rainforest tree, scratched wood smells of liniament, lower surface of leaves with intertwined hairs along the veins, white flowers, indehiscent black fruit, Australia, Rhamnaceae
Alphitonia petriei, INaturalist
Native ginger, (Alpinia caerulea), Atherton ginger, Atherton red, red back ginger, up to 2 m, understory, root and seed herb, very hardy, white shell-like flowers, clusters of blue berries, roots and berries, Australian native food, Zingiberaceae
See diagram: Alpinia caerulea.
Alpinia species: | Cinnamic acid | Zingiberaceae
Alpinia caerulea, Atherton Ginger, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Alpinia caerulea, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Dwarf native ginger, (Alpinea arundelliana), understory perennial lily-type plant, up to 2 m, long sword-shaped leaves ginger-like rhizome, blue-black fruit, in coastal rainforests, Australia, Zingiberaceae
False cardamom ginger, (Alpinia mutica), up to 2 m, hardy plant, clumping ginger with thick lush foliage, spicy scent if rubbed, upright shell-like flowers, Australia, Zingiberaceae
Red ginger, (Alpinia purpurata), ostrich plume, pink cone ginger, showy red bracts, white flower | Cinnamic acid | Malaysia, Zingiberaceae
Shell ginger, (Alpinia zerumbet), pink porcelain lily, variegated ginger, butterfly gingershell ginger, perennial, up to 3 metres, funnel-shaped flowers with colourful funnel, insect repellent, culinary uses, herbal teas | 5,6-Dehydrokawain, C14H12O3 | herbal medicine, skin conditions, many other uses, Zingiberaceae
Small shell ginger, (Alpinia mutica), false cardamom ginger, orchid ginger, narrow-leaved alpinia, hardy clumping ginger, thick lush foliage, spicy scent when rubbed, upright shell-like flowers, perennial, up to 1.5 m, culinary uses, sweet, culinary uses, flavour meat, curries, herbal medicine, rhizome extracts may have cytotoxic effects on human carcinoma cells, Zingiberaceae
Alpinia mutica, False Cardamom Ginger, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Snap ginger, (Alpinia calcarata), cardamom ginger, Indian snap ginger, perennial herb, rhizomes are antibacterial, flavouring leaf, dull dark green leaves, but lighter underneath, narrow foliage, upright habit, folk medicine, antifungal, antihelmintic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, gastroprotective, and antidiabetic | Polyphenols / Tannins | Flavonoids | steroid glycosides and alkaloids in the extract and essential oil, traditional medicine, Sri Lanka, India, and Malaysia, Zingiberaceae
| Acetoxychavicol acetate | Acetoxyeugenol acetate | Camphor | Cineole | Eugenol | Galangin | Geranyl acetate | Methyl cinnamate | Pinene | African and Indian folk medicine, antifungal, for sore throat, colds, South Asia, Zingiberaceae
Alpinia calcarata
Alpinia calcarata
Greater galangal, (Alpinia galanga), "galangal", lengkuas, Thai galangal, Thai ginger, perennial, orchid-like flowers, tasty knobby root, culinary use, rhizome slices in Thai curries and Indonesian rendang, roots contains volatile "oil galangol", rhizome contains | Galangin flavonol | Acetoxychavicol acetate, C13H14O4 | Acetoxyeugenol acetate, C14H16O5 | Southeast Asia, Zingiberaceae
Alpinia galangal, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Alpinia galangal, Galangal, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as root powder, Alpinia galangal, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Lesser galangal, (Alpinia officinarum), "galangal", perennial ornamental, lesser galangal, "small ginger", galangal root, colic root, the preferred ginger for Thai cooking, tight clumps of green foliage, cream flowers, 1.5 to 2m, cold tolerant, full sun to part shade, needs moist well-drained soil, rich in organic matter, flowers in summer, Zingiberaceae
See diagram: Alpinia officinarum.
See diagram: Galangal.
Shellflower, (Alpinia nutans), dwarf cardamom, shining oblong leaves, clusters of pink shaded white flowers with yellow lips and magenta stripes | Dehydrokawain, C14H16O3 | Zingiberaceae
Javan cucumber, (Alsomitra macrocarpa), seed dispersal by large wings, about 10 cm broad, Cucurbitaceae
White cheesewood, (Alstonia scholaris), milky pine, milkwood, up to 35 m, stem to 1 m diameter, cut grey bark exudes milky sap, used for veneers, carving, India, Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, Apocynaceae
Hard cheesewood, (Alstonia spectabilis), bitterbark, milky yellowwood, hard milkwood, poele bark, jackapple, leather jacket, milky yellowwood, pulai, Southeast Asia, Peruvian lily, (Alstroemeria aurea), Chilean Lily, yellow alstroemeria, ornamental, perennial, pull "dead head" stems from bottom of plant to initiate new flowering stems, Chile, Alstroemeriaceae
New Zealand Christmas bells, (Alstroemeria pulchella), lily of the Incas, perennial, up to 1 metre, underground tubers, ornamental, attractive white and green leaves, keep well when cut for floral art, striking red / green flowers and seed pods used at Christmas time, popular ornamental florists' flowers, and variegated cultivars, South America, Alstroemeriaceae
Alstroemeria species contain a red flower pigment | the glucoside 6-Hydroxycyanidin 3-malonylglucoside (C15H11O7) |
Aloe perryi, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Alligator weed, (Alternanthera phylloxeroides), invasive in many countries, horizontal floating hollow stems form dense mats | Methoxyluteolin rhamnoside | South America, Amaranthaceae
Purple mukunuwenna, (Alternanthera sessilis), sessile joyweed, dwarf copperleaf, roundcover, ponnanganni, regarded as food for eyes and nervous system, culinary uses, weed, Indian, Asian and Indonesia, Amaranthaceae
Red carpet weed, (Alternanthera versicolor), perennial, up to 30 cm, purple leaves dainty pink flowers, garnish, culinary uses, herbal medicine, houseplant, Amaranthaceae
Ruby leaf alternanthera, (Alternanthera dentata), little ruby, sterile alternate anthers, Central America, Amaranthaceae
Alternanthera dentata, alligator weed, joy weed, rabbit meat, sterile alternate anthers, Central America, Amaranthaceae
Alternanthera ficoidea, Joseph's coat, calico plant, Amaranthaceae
(Alternanthera sissoo), Brazilian spinach, sissoo spinach, sambu, samba lettuce, poor man's spinach, low growing, perennial leaf vegetable, up to 30 cm, round crinkled leaves, semi-shade plant, culinary uses,
commonly crunchy raw leaves in salads, leaves contain | Oxalates | cooked in stir-fries or spinach substitute, Amaranthaceae
Brazilian Spinach, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Marshmallow, (Althaea officinalis), common marshmallow, perennial, hardy plant, up to 60 cm, culinary uses, chopped leaves in salads, lightly boiled leaves and roots chopped and stir-fried, herbal medicine, mucilaginous leaves and infusions for soothing irritations, inflammation, Bulgaria, Malvaceae
Althea officinalis, Marshmallow, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Dried herb, sold as root powder, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb, sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Native hibiscus, (Alyogyne huegelii), blue hibiscus, large trumpet-shaped lilac-blue to deep purple flowers, Australia, Malvaceae
White hibiscus, (Alyogyne huegelii alba) cultivars ‘Elle Maree’, ‘Melissa Anne’, up to 2 m, landscaping plants for hot dry positions, Australia, Malvaceae
Alyce clove, (Alysicarpus vaginalis), buffalo clover, white moneywort, livestock fodder, green manure, erosion control, Fabaceae
Madwort, (Alyssium saxatille), annual and perennial herb, spatulate leaves, yellow flowers, supposed to cure rabies, Europe, Brassicaceae
Chainfruit, (Alyxia ruscifolia), prickly alyxia, native holly, moonya. spiky dry rainforest shrub, up to 2 m, pointy-tipped narrow lanceolate leaves grow in whorls, orange to red fruit appear to grow in chains. Australia, Apocynaceae
Love-lies-bleeding, (Amaranthus caudatus), pendant aramanth, tassel flower, velvet flower, foxtail amaranth, annual, broad-leaved, central stem that grows from a taproot, up to 2.5 m tall, white or red self-pollinating flowering panicles up to 90 cm long, tiny seeds | Amaranthin, crop from the high Peruvian Andes called kiwicha, food and herbal remedy, Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae, the amaranth family, "amaranths", e.g. bhajhee, grain amaranth, sambu lettuce, red amaranth, ornamental, grain amaranth, drooping inflorescence, tap roots difficult to pull out, all parts edible, makes insoluble phosphates available if composted, seeds gluten-free, folk medicines, longevity, Peru, Amaranthaceae
How to grow and care for Amaranthus caudatus, Bunnings
Mira, (Amaranthus caudatus 'Mira'), flower gentle, prince's feather, Joseph's coat, annual, colourful salad herb, grain crop, chaff-like spikes of small flowers, coloured foliage, long-lasting flowers, colourful salad vegetable, ornamental, South America, Amaranthaceae
"Pigweed", (Amaranthus palmeri), weed said to be resistant to glyphosate in Australia, (e.g."Roundup"), Amaranthaceae
Tampala (Amaranthus tricolor), edible amaranth, Joseph's coat (after Bible: Genesis 37:3-36)
| Amaranthin | annual flowering plant, C4 carbon fixation plant, South America, world-wide, Amaranthaceae
Amaranth, 'Mira', Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Amaranthus tricolor), See text below Description.
Amaranth, 'Edible Red', Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Amaranthus mangostanus), See text below Description.
Amaranth, 'Garnet red', Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Amaranthus tricolor), See text below Description.
Jersey lily, (Amaryllis belladonna), belladonna-lily, naked-lady-lily, white flowers flushed with rosy purple, widely cultivated ornamental, South Africa, Amaryllidaceae.
The "true amaryllis", Hippeastrum hybrid bulbs may be wrongly called "Amaryllis", flowering bulb, showy flowers on naked stems, strap-like leaves, grown in large clumps in full sun, moist well-drained soil, or grown in pots on the patio.
Amborella, (Amborella trichopoda), tropical shrub, yellow soft fruit with a musky flavour, can be eaten fresh, has tracheids but no vessels for water conduction, possibly the closest living relative of the first flowering plants, base of the classification of flowering plants, New Caledonia, only species of Amborellaceae
Annual ragweed, (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), common ragweed, up to 2 m, fern-like leaves, widespread invasive | Psilostachyin, C15H20O5 | Native American traditional herbal medicine, used to remove metal contaminants from soil, United States, Asteraceae
Saskatoon serviceberry, (Amelanchier alnifolia), alder-leaved shadbush, Canada, Rosaceae
Downy serviceberry, (Amelanchier arborea), deciduous small tree, 5-petaled showy white flowers in drooping clusters. small round green edible berries which turn red to dark purplish-black in early summer, Rosaceae
Juneberry, (Amelachier lamarkii), abundant, England, (naturalized), America, Rosaceae
Saskatoon serviceberry, (Amelanchier alnifolia), alder-leaved shadbush, Rosaceae
Pride of Burma, (Amherstia nobilis), orchid-like flower, rose of the mountains, ornamental, Fabaceae
Sand acacias, (Ammodendron bifolium), grows in dry stony regions, Xinjiang, Russia, Fabaceae.
(Greek ammos sand, dendron tree), Fabaceae.
Marram grass, (Ammophila arenana), long rhizomatous rooted and densely swarded perennial grass, sandy beaches, sand dune stabiliser, Australian coasts, Poaceae
Black cardamom, (Amomum costatum), hill cardamom, larger pods used in Chinese and Vietnamese cuisine, Zingiberaceae
Nepal cardamom, (Amomum subulatum), greater Indian cardamom, black cardamom, seeds in red pod with sweet surrounding pulp | Camphor | Cineole | strong, harsh flavour if smoke-dried, used in Indian cuisine, meat dishes, pickles, North India, Nepal, Zingiberaceae
Amoora, (Amoora cucullata), pacific maple, timber tree, up to 30 m, log diameter 1 m, bole up to 1.8 m, used for light construction, furniture, canoe planks and paddles, Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, Meliaceae
Elephant yam, (Amorphophallus paeonifolius), China, Araceae
Konjac, (Amorphophallus konjac), devil's tongue, starchy corm, food additive, source of soluble dietary fiber called glucomannan, traditional medicine, used to make noodles and snacks, said to lower plasma cholesterol prevent constipation, improve carbohydrate metabolism, and help bowel movements, sold as "shirataki noodles" for stir fry dishes, may cause bloating and abdominal pain and konjac candies have caused choking deaths, Araceae
Corpse flower, (Amorphophallus titanum), titan arum, gigantic flower from underground corm, large, much-divided leaves, emit a distinctive "rotting fish" odour pulses out of the flower to assist with pollination by imitating the smell of a dead animal to attract carrion flies, Sumatra, Araceae
Native grape, (Ampelocissus acetosa), wild grape, scrambling climber, globular dark purple grape-like fruit, up to 1 cm diameter, large tuberous root is roasted and eaten, Northern Australia, Australian native food, Vitaceae
Ampelocissus, (Ampelocissus frutescens), Northern Australia, Australian native food, Vitaceae
Mauritanian grass, (Ampelodesmos mauritanicus), rope grass, Mediterranean region, Poaceae
Amphiachyris dracunculoides, common broomweed, prairie broomweed, North America, Asteraceae
Amphibromus nervosus, common swamp wallaby grass, Australia, Poaceae
Amphicarpaea bracteata, hog peanut, ground bean, North America, Fabaceae
Amphicarpum muehlenbergianum, maidencane, North America, Poaceae
Amphipappus fremonti, chaffbush, North America, Asteraceae
Amphitecna macrophylla, black calabash, chaff bush, Mexico, Bignoniaceae
Tarweed, (Amsinckia intermedia), yellow burr weed, buckthorn, tar weed, yellow gromwell, pyrrolizidine alkaloid, yellow flowers, herbaceous plant, erect annual herb, up to 70 cm, green stem covered with fine, stiff hairs, leaves distinctly 'Y' shaped with a round apex, flowers have 5 fused petals forming a trumpet-shape, fruit a bristly burr (the calyx), competes strongly with cereal crops and heavy infestations of the weed can cause large yield losses, seed can contaminate grain, leaves can be toxic to stock but are unattractive to stock due to its bristles, poisonous alkaloid causing liver damage and skin photosensitisation, Boraginaceae Tarweed fiddleneck, (Amsinckia lycopsoides), North America, Boraginaceae
Balsam torchwood, (Amyris balsamifera), West Indian sandalwood, West Indian rosewood, essential oil, caryophyllene, Rutaceae
Sea torchwood, (Amyris elemifera), smooth torchwood, candlewood, used for fuel, honey, wood termite-proof, Florida, northern South America, Rutaceae
Amyris species wood produces elemi balsam, oleoresin containing elemic acids, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, e.g. | alpha- and beta- Amyrin, triterpenoid | Rutaceae
Anabasis, (Anabasis aphylla), semi-desert plant, perennial, up to 0.3 m | Anabasine |, Central Asia, Amaranthaceae
Cashew nut tree, (Anacardium occidentale), cashew apple, gajus, medium tree, up to 15 m, semi-deciduous, slow growing, difficult to grow in limestone soils, fruit has large apple-like fleshy part, nut hangs from orange pseudo fruit called "cashew apple", cashew fruit and seed eaten, but shell of kernel highly toxic | Anacardic acid | Gallic acid | Salicyclic acid | Tannins | used fresh, drink, preserves, wine, nuts roasted, | Bilobol | Ginkgoic acid | herbal medicine, sap irritates skin, propagation from seeds, grafting, West Indies, Anacardiaceae
| Cashew nuts, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Galo, (Anacolosa frutescens), occidentale galo nut, (a promising nut!), Philippines, Olacaceae
Pellitory, (Anacyclus pyrethrum), pellitory of Spain, Spanish chamomile, (the original "pellitory" does not contain pyrethrins), food spice, herbal medicine, pungent root for toothache, Mediterranean region, Asteraceae
Vilca, (Anadenanthera colubrina) | Bufotenine | in psychedelic preparations, has many chemical compounds, hallucinogenic snuffs Vilca/Cebil, bufotenin alkaloid, South America, Fabaceae
Yopa, (Anadenanthera peregrina),, parica, calcium tree, hallucinogenic | Bufotenine| Fabaceae
Pimpernel, (Anagallis arvensis), "The Scarlet Pimpernel", leafy bracts on fruit, Europe, Primulaceae
Stinking bean trefoil (Anagyris foetida), deciduous shrub, up to 4 m, bad smell when bruised, trifoliate leaves with in silvery hairs beneath, yellow red-tinged flowers, standard with red spots, poisonous plant, alkaloid anagyrine in the tough seeds, folk medicine, Mediterranean region, Fabaceae.
Indian berry, (Anamirta cocculus), fishberry, source of | Picrotoxinin | many alkaloids, poisonous, used to stun fish and insecticide, Menispermaceae
Ananas
Red pineapple, (Ananas bracteatus striatus), small inedible fruit, striking ornamental, houseplant, Bromeliaceae
Pineapple, Ananas comosus, Pineapple Project, Bromeliaceae
Ivory pineapple, (Ananas comosus variegatus), houseplant, Bromeliaceae
Pineapple Project, (Ananas comosus), Tropical America, Bromeliaceae
Ananas comosus, Dwarf Pineapple, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery
Small bugloss, (Anchusa arvensis), annual bugloss, Lycopsamine, Boraginaceae.
Italian bugloss, (Anchusa azurea), garden anchusa, large blue alkanet, bristly perennial, up to 120 cm, narrow leaves, large blue flowers with white hairs in the throats, cooked stems eaten, ornamental, weed, Europe, Boraginaceae.
Common bugloss, (Anchusa officinalis), alkanet, "true alkanet", (Spanish Alcanna, henna, red dye), narrow leaves, up to 60 cm, purple flowers in coiled sprays, Clivorine,Lithospermic acid, Europe, Boraginaceae.
Dyer's alkanet, (Anchusa tinctoria), bright blue flowers, provides much nectar for pollinators, red dye from dark red roots, folk medicine, treat inflammation, Boraginaceae.
Alkanet, Root Powder, (Natural Colorant), Heirloom Body Care
See diagram Anchusa officinalis.
King of bitters, (Andrographis paniculata), false water willow, chiretta, kalmegh, kirata, flowers in panicles, hardy plant, annual, up to 1 metre, small white flowers, very bitter taste | Andrographolide | Apigenin dimethylether | anti-inflammatory, antigastric ulcer medicine, used in Ayurvedic and Chinese herbal medicine, for infections, weak immunity, worm infestation, liver health, digestive, research has found benefits for the immune system, India, Sri Lanka, Acanthaceae
Andrographis paniculata, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb sold as aerials and aerials powder.
Gamba grass, (Andropogon gayanus), blue stem, pasture grass, introduced into Australia from Africa for use as a pasture species.
Extremely tolerant of drought, fire and the low nutrient soils in north Australian savannas.
Form tussocks which are bigger, taller and more dense than native grass species.
Tussocks dry off in the dry season to create a high fuel load, which can cause high intensity fires to decrease local biodiversity.
A rangeland weed and Queensland restricted invasive plant, Poaceae
Poppy Anemone, (Anemone coronaria), blood red flowers, ornamental, Northern Europe, (not a "poppy" Papaver), Ranunculaceae
Hepatica, (Anemone hepatica), common hepatia, liverwort, kidneywort, pennywort, perennial, Northern Hemisphere, Ranunculaceae.
Wood anemone, (Anemone nemorosa), wind flower, ornamental, perennial herb, delicate little plant forming carpet, shady woodland, spreading mass of stolons, white starry flowers, 2 cm across, herbal medicine, treat headaches, ornamental, Northern Europe, NW Asia, Ranunculaceae
See diagram Anemone nemorosa 1 | See diagram Anemone nemorosa 2
Pasqueflower, (Anemone pulsatilla L.), Dane's blood, common pasque flower, European pasqueflower, herbaceous grassland perennial, up to 30 cm, deep roots, rosette of leaves, upright rhizome food-storage organs, long silver-grey and hairy leaves and stems, bell-shaped purple flowers, silky seed-heads, fresh plant is toxic, dangerous herbal medicine, Europe, Ranunculaceae
Desert anemone, (Anemone tuberosa), tuber anemone, up to 40 cm, woody tuber, entire plant poisonous, on rocky slopes, North America, Ranunculaceae
Dill, (Anethum graveolens), perennial herb, but grown as an annual, 40 cm -1.2m height, delicate feathery green leaves, tough stalks, needs warm to hot summers, full sun, needs well-drained soil, oil of dill, annual, up to one metre, companion plant for brassicas, attracts beneficial insects, small yellow flowers, digestive, store in freezer, culinary uses, seeds more strongly scented than feathery leaves, used to flavour "dill pickles", dips, cucumber, cabbage, potato, cheese, white sauces, egg dishes, seafood, vinegar and root as vegetable.
Dill leaf oil: | Anethofuran | Myristicin |
Dill seed oil: | Phellandrene | Limonene | Carvone | Pinene | herbal medicine, dill oil is antifungal, southwest Asia, India, Apiaceae
Dill, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Indian dill, (Anethum graveolens, var. sowa), used as seed and as vegetable, Apiaceae
Leaves are often called "dill weed" to distinguish from seeds.
The "dill water", distilled from dill, is supposed to be carminative and relieve flatulence, but little medical evidence.
A "dill pickle" is a kind of cucumber flavoured with dill flower heads, Apiaceae
Seeds and flower heads of Caladium sp. are used to make "dill vinegar".
Angelica, (Angelica archangelica), garden angelica, Norwegian angelica, annual in sub-tropics or biennial flowers in second year, up to 2 metres, similar to some poisonous plants, source of germanium, unique perfume, deeply-divided leaves on thick round, hollow stems, many small yellow or green flowers in large umbels, pale yellow, oblong fruits, seed viable for only one year so store in the refrigerator, culinary uses, leaves and seeds as flavouring, garnish, and crystallized candied stalk used in cakes, biscuits, marmalades, oil of angelica root in absinthe, gin and "bitters", flavour of Benedictine liqueur, aromatic stalks candied for confectionery, used to make cosmetic "Angel water" taste from | Angelica lactone (See 1.) | Angelicin | Archangelicin | Apterin | Coumarin| Limonene | Osthole | Phellandrene | Pinene | Tiglic acid | Umbelliferone | Xanthotoxin | Xanthotoxol | in herbal medicine as angelica root, used to treat indigestion and spasms, infusion used to treat flatulence. northern Europe, Apiaceae
Dried herb is sold as angelica root pieces and root powder.
Angelica archangelica, Angelica, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Purple stem angelica, (Angelica atropurpurea), great angelica, masterwort, American angelica, native herbal medicine, North America, Apiaceae
Angelica atropurpurea, Purple Stem Angelica, Gardeniazzz.
Ashitaba, (Angelica keiskei koidzumi), fast growing, folk medicine, pasture, Japan, Apiaceae
Angelica keiskei koidzumi, Ashitaba, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Shiny-leaved angelica, (Angelica pachycarpa), Portuguese angelica, jade-green glossy leaves, large umbels, white flowers, cuisine, attractive leaves used for chocolate moulds in deserts, Apiaceae
Angelica pachycarpa, Shiny-leaved Angelica, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Chinese angelica, (Angelica sinensis), popular Chinese herbal medicine "dong quai or dang gui", Apiaceae
Dong Quai - Root Powder. Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Willow leaf angelonica, (Angelonia salicariifolia), granny's bonnets, weed, medicine, cooking herb, Brazil, Scrophulariaceae
Angiosperms, flowering plants, Magnoliophyta Division
Sydney red gum, (Angophora costata), gum myrtle, smooth barked apple, "gum tree", Australia, Myrtaceae
Angophora costata, Australian National Herbarium
Angophora species
Narrow leaved apple, Angophora bakeri
Smooth barked apple, Sydney red gum. Angophora costata
Rough barked apple, Angophora floribunda
Dwarf apple, Angophora hispida
Charmhaven apple, Angophora inopina
Rusty gum, Angophora leiocarpa
Coolabah apple, Angophora melanoxylo
Sandstone rough-barked apple, Angophora robur
Broad-leaved apple, Angophora subvelutina
Smudgee, Angophora woodsiana
Angostura, (Angostura trifoliata), herbal medicine, Angostura Bark used in "Abbot's bitters", but not in "Angostura bitters", which was first produced in the town of Angostura, renamed Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, Rutaceae
Peyote cactus, (Anhalonium lewinii), small spineless cactus, produces mental conditions that simulate false "spiritual" or "transcendental" or "mystic" states | Mescaline, C11H17NO3 | Cactaceae
Brazilian rosewood, (Aniba parviflora), bois de rose, Lauraceae
Brazilian rosewood oil, (Aniba rosaeodora var. amazonica), bois de rose, Lauraceae
Kangaroo paw, (Anigozanthos flavidus), widely opened flowers, Australia, Haemadoreaceae
Red & green kangaroo paw, (Anigozanthos manglesii), kangaroo paw, quick growing, very hardy plant, red and green flowers, Australia, Haemadoreaceae
Tall green kangaroo paw, (Anigozanthos flavidus 'Green'), Australia, Haemadoreaceae
Mountain henbane, (Anisodus tanguticus), Chinese herbal medicine, | Anisodine | Anisodamine | Hyoscyamine | Scopolamine | western China, Tibetan plateau, Solanaceae
Mersawa durian, (Anisoptera laevis), tall tree with helicopter double-winged seed dispersal, Dipterocarpaceae

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