Foodgardens6c

School Science Lessons
(Foodgardens6c) 2025-04-19
Herbs Information and Websites

Plant families, Lamiaceae to Nyctaginaceae, (dicotyledons)
Contents
Acinos species, Lamiaceae
Acinos species: | Poncirin | rock thyme, (Acinos alpinus), Lamiaceae
Poncirin | herbal medicine, Mediterranean, (Acinos rotundifolius), Lamiaceae

Agastache species, Lamiaceae
Agastache species, giant hyssop, flowers with two-lipped corolla, Asia, North America, Lamiaceae
Agastache 'Sweet Lili', (Agastache aurantiaca), Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Anise hyssop, (Agastache foeniculum), blue giant hyssop, mosquito plant, short-lived herbaceous perennial, up to 60 cm, clump forming, many upright purple-blue flower spikes, abundant nectar for bees | Estragole | culinary uses, refreshing aniseed-flavoured tea, flavouring, food, leaves in apple pie, ornamental, Mexico, Lamiaceae
Anise Hyssop, Agastache foeniculum, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Anisaldehydezzz
| AnisaldehydeXXX
|
| Methoxycinnamaldehyde | Pachypodol

Ballota species, Lamiaceae
Black horehound, (Ballota nigra), Bulgaria, Lamiaceae
Black Horehound, Ballota nigra, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb is sold as aerials.

Calamintha species, Lamiaceae
Ashe's savory, (Calamintha ashei), Ashe's calamint | evodone, (C10H12O2), monoterpenoid | USA, Lamiaceae
Large-flowered calamint, (Calamintha grandiflora), showy calamint, mint savory, is used in cooking, treat bruises and cramps, ornamental, Lamiaceae.

Calamint, (Calamintha sylvatica), common calamint, mill mountain, mountain balm, mountain mint, perennial, low-growing up to 30 cm, green stalks, opposite, oval matt green leaves, about 2 cm long, whole plant aromatic, alkaline soil, leaf tea, herbal medicine, diaphoretic and expectorant, leaf poultice for bruises, can cause miscarriage, temperate regions, low-growing plant, mint smell, lavender flowers, alkaline soil, leaves used to make tea, Lamiaceae

Clinopodium species, Lamiaceae
Poncirin | herbal tea from aromatic leaves, herbal medicine, mint-like pungent spice used to flavour pork, southern Europe, Lamiaceae
Nepitella, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Clinopodium umbrosum, Lamiaceae

Wild basil, (Clinopodium vulgaris), aromatic, hedges, culinary uses, usd fresh or dried as cooked food flavouring in cooked foods or in salads, aromatic, herbal tea from fresh leaves, brown-yellow dye, herbal medicine, tea, astringent, carminative, Europe, Lamiaceae

Cunila species, Lamiaceae
Stone Mint, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Glechoma species, Lamiaceae
See diagram Glechoma hederacea

Hyssopus species, Lamiaceae
Hyssop, (Hyssopus officinalis), azob, perennial, hardy plant, up to 50 cm, spikes of small blue flowers, good scented herb, aromatic bitter taste, culinary uses, with rabbit, lamb, salads, vegetables, stewed peaches, apricots, used more in candies than cooking for European cooking, used mainly in Thailand and Vietnam cooking, flavouring in Pernod, Ricard, Chartreuse liqueurs | Borneol | Camphor | Geraniol | Phellandrene|
| Pinene | Pinocamphone | herbal medicine, tea for colds, (in Bible, "hyssop" used by Hebrews for Passover ritual purification), in some eau de colognes, Mediterranean region, Lamiaceae
Hyssop, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as aerials.

Lavandula species, Lamiaceae
Lavandula, lavender, Lamiaceae
Lavandula angustifolia, lavender, (the most common lavender), true lavender, garden lavender, English lavender, perennial, spikes of purple flowers, anceolate aromatic leaves, very hardy plant, up to 80 cm, monoterpene, perillyl alcohol, culinary uses, garnish, in sauces and sweets, dried blossoms for aroma, used for scent for bath water and sheets, astringent to dry oily skin token of affection, insect repellent, dog inhibitor, air freshener, in soap and candles, garnish, used as aromatherapy or by mouth may increase the amount of drowsiness caused by some drugs, e.g. antidepressants and alcohol, a-terpinol
| Cineole | Geranyl acetate | Lavandulyl acetate | Linalool | Linalyl acetate | herbal medicine, pain relief, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, Mediterranean region, China, Lamiaceae
This species is used to make lavender oil, oil of lavender, but other Lavendula hybrids, e.g. Dutch lavender, are cultivated for commercial production of a similar lavender oil.
See diagram:Lavender
Dried lavender sold as flowers
Medical use was as astringents, staunch wounds, tea with honey for chills and flower tops for cooked vegetables
White deadnettle, (Lamium album), hedge plant, large white flowers, Lamiaceae
See diagram Lamium album

See diagram Lamium galeobdolon

See diagram Lamium maculatum

Germacrene | Europe, Lamiaceae
See diagram Lamium purpureum

Lion's tail, (Leonotis leonurus), ornamental, herbal medicine, South Africa, Lamiaceae
Lion's Tail - White, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Lion's Tail - Orange Flower, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Leonurus species, Lamiaceae
Motherwort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lycopus species, Lamiaceae
Gypsywort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Marrubium species, Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Lemon balm, (Melissa officinalis), balm, sweet balm, bee balm, heart's delight, honey plant, perennial, up to 40 cm, shiny leaves easy to grow from seed, sun to part shade, white flowers attractive to butterflies, cut back to ground after flowering so it comes back with fresh, green growth for the cooler months, with strong lemon scent, non-running mint, grows in cooler semi-shaded areas, companion plant, culinary uses, leaves used in salads, with pork, lamb, chicken stuffing, soups, sweet fruit dishes, summer drinks for light lemon flavour | Citral | Citronellal | Citronellol | | Geraniol | Linalyl acetate | herbal medicine, use leaves in sedative tea to treat stress, insomnia, students before exams, headaches, indigestion, antidepressant, astringent to dry oily skin, cream for cold sores and inflamed skin, Lamiaceae
Lemon Balm, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as aerials or "balm leaf", Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lime Balm, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Bastard balm, (Melittis melissophyllum), ornamental, orchid-like flowers, aromatic honey-scented foliage, Europe, Lamiaceae

Hesperidin | Limonene | Menthol | Menthone | Piperitone | Pulegone | Labiaceae
Mints, spreading perennial, best grown in separate bed or pot, pick just before use because aroma dissipates quickly, used with lamb or pork dishes, carrots, potataoes, peas, and in desserts, herbal teas, but may increase oesophageal heartburn
Marvellous Mints, Basilea Living Herbs
See diagram: Mint flower
See diagram: Peppermint 1

Menthofuran | herbal medicine, garden herb, Europe, Lamiaceae

Menthol | Menthone | herbal medicine, volatile oil helps to clear head and chest, or infuse leaves in boiling water, put a towel over head and inhale vapour for temporary relief colds, bronchial coughs, sinus, nervous stress, headaches, chew leaves for sore throat, culinary uses, Lamiaceae

Japanese Menthol Mint, (Mentha arvensis subsp. piperascens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Asian mint, (Mentha asiatica, M. longifolia var. asiatica), fragrant purple flowers, evergreen opposite phyllotaxy leaves, propagate from root cuttings not seed, Lamiaceae

River mint, (Mentha australis), Australian mint, native mint, native peppermint, native river mint, swamp mint, groundcover, herbal leaf, peppermint-like flavour, Australian native food, Lamiaceae
Native Mint, (Mentha australis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage

American wild mint, (Mentha canadensis), American corn mint, Japanese peppermint, North American field mint, Lamiaceae

Hart's pennyroyal mint, (Mentha cervina), (similar to pennyroyal mint), up to 30 cm, fragrant leaves | Pulegone | in essential oil | western Mediterranean, Lamiaceae

Wild mint, (Mentha diemenica), slender mint, Australian native food, Lamiaceae
Native Mint, (Mentha diemenica), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, Lamiaceae

Horse mint, (Mentha longifolia) | Rotundifolone | folk medicine, Europe, central Asia, Africa, Lamiaceae
Egyptian Mint, (Mentha niliaca), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Pennyroyal, pennyroyal mint, (Mentha pulegium), squaw mint, mosquito plant, crushed leaves strong smell like spearment culinary herb, folk remedy, strong smell like spearmint, aromatherapy oil, but toxic so use with caution | Pulegone | folk medicine, abortifacient, Europe, North Africa, Lamiaceae
Pennyroyal Mint, (Mentha pulegium), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium, Daley's Fruit Trees

Corsican Mint, (Mentha requienii), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Rust Free Mint Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Carvone | D-Carvone | 1.8 Cineole | Limonene | Myrcene | Pinene | herbal medicine, culinary uses, with meats, gravies, mint jelly, used for mint sauce, toothpaste, chewing gum, vegetable, vinegar, drinks, serve with fruit, mints make refreshing teas, Balkan Peninsula and
Turkey, naturalized in Europe and Asia, Lamiaceae
Spearmint, (Mentha spicata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description, Dried herb sold as leaves

Apple Mint, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Mentha spicata Daley's Fruit Trees

Variegated Apple Mint, (Mentha suaveolens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Apple Mint, (variegated), Mentha suaveolens 'variegata', Daley's Fruit Trees

Mentha X gracilis, Lamiaceae
Ginger Mint, (Mentha X gracilis), (M. arvensis X M. spicata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Scotch spearmint, (Mentha X gracilis), red mint, Lamiaceae
Hung Cay Mint, (Mentha x gracilis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description,zz
Peppermint, (Mentha X piperita), (Watermint X Spearmint)
| Eriocitrin | Menthofuran | Menthol | Rosmarinic Acid | Europe, Lamiaceae
< a href="#Peppermint">Peppermint, (Mentha X piperita)
Basil Mint, (Mentha X Piperita Citrata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
White Peppermint, (Mentha piperita officinalis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description, Dried herb is sold as leaf.
Peppermint Mentha X piperita, Daley's Fruit Trees
Candymint peppermint, (Mentha × piperita 'Candymint'), (mentha x piperita), perennial, hairy red-purple stems, aromatic leaves, crisp flavour, invasive, Lamiaceae
Chocolate mint, (Mentha × piperita 'Chocolate Mint'), flower opens upwards leaving bracts and elongating tip, popular confection, Lamiaceae
Chocolate Mint, (Mentha X piperita f. citrata 'Chocolate'), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Chocolate Mint, Mentha X piperita f. citrata, Daley's Fruit Trees
(Mentha × piperita 'Citrata' includes varieties such as 'Eau De Cologne Mint', 'Grapefruit Mint', 'Lemon Mint' and 'Orange Mint'
Leaves are aromatic and hairless
Eau de Cologne Mint, (Mentha citrata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
(Mentha X piperita 'Crispa'), wrinkled leaves, Lamiaceae
Moroccan Mint, (Mentha spicata var. crispa), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Moroccan green mint, (Mentha spicata, var. Spicata), Green Mint, Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Lavender Mint', Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Lime Mint'), lime-scented leaves, Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Variegata'), green and pale yellow leaves, Lamiaceae
Whorled mint, (Mentha X verticillata), Lamiaceae
Cuban Mint, (Mentha X villosa), mojito Mint Lamiaceae
Mint, Old Fashioned Mint, (Mentha X villosa), Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Menthol | Menthone | Peppermint oil | Pinene | Europe, Middle East, Lamiaceae
Peppermint, (Mentha X piperita), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Peppermint, Daley's Fruit Trees

White Peppermint, Mentha piperita officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

See diagram Variegated Mint, Lamiaceae

Ginger Mint, Mentha spicata species, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Chocolate Mint, Mentha X piperita f. citrata ‘Chocolate’, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Monarda
Lemon Bergamot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Pelargonin | Linalyl acetate | in essential oil addition to Earl Grey Tea, North America, culinary uses, young leaves in salads, cook with pork, Lamiaceae
(Monarda didyma, red bergamot has no botanic relationship to Citrus aurantium, bergamot orange, Rutaceae, in Earl Grey tea, but it smells like bergamot orange)
Bergamot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Thymoquinone | folk medicine of native Americans, used to treat colds, North America, Lamiaceae
Spotted beebalm, (Monarda punctata) horsemint | Thymol | Folk medicine, Lamiaceae

Catmint, (Nepita cataria), catnip, cat mint | Nepetalactone | essential oil contains | Pulegone | insect repellent, attracts cats, "detestable to all except cats" herbal medicine, Asia, Lamiaceae
Six Hills Giant Catmint, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Nepita X racemosa), See text below Description
Catmint Walkers Blue, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Nepita X faasseni racemosa)
Catnip, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Dried herb sold as aerials

Eugenol | alpha-Terpinine | Lamiaceae

Camphor | food flavouring, introduced weed in Australia, Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia
Ocimum americanum, Lime Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Camphor | Cineole | Estragole | Eugenol | Linalool | Methyl cinnamate | Methyl eugenol | Ocimene | Pinene | Safrole | herbal medicine, relieves flatulence, traditional
aphrodisiac, stimulates lactation, used to treat menopause disorders, migraine headaches, nervous disorders, basil essential oil by steam distillation has unpleasant "cooking smell", widely cultivated, Africa,
India, Lamiaceae
Essential oils industry seek varieties with little or no | Estragole |
Dried herb sold as basil leaf
Basil essential oil contains | Pinene | Camphene | Myrcene | Limonene | Ocimene | Camphor | Linalool | Methyl chavicol | Terpineol | Citronellol | Geraniol | Methyl cinnamate | Eugenol |
See diagram: Sweet basil
Sweet Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum), See text below Description
Fine Leaf Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum)
Basils, Basilea Living Herbs

Perennial Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Spicy Globe Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'Spicy globe'), See text below Description

Anise-Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'anise')

Cinnamon Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum, 'Cinnamon')
See diagram: Cinnamon basil

Green Ruffles Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'Green Ruffles')

Dark Opal Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'Purpurascens'), See text below Description

Greek Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Lettuce Leaf Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'Lettuce leaf'), See text below Description
See diagram Lemon basil

Mrs Burns basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below,
oil contains | Camphor | and forms basil camphor crystals, herbal medicine, may have chemopreventative effects against some cancers, India, Lamiaceae
See diagram: Thai basil
Thai Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Ocimum canum, leaves for culinary flavouring | Nevadensin | traditional herbal medicine, used to treat fevers, parasitic, inflammation of joints, headaches, dysentery, insecticide, essential oil contains
| Linalool | seeds for dietary fibre, Lamiaceae.
Citral | Eugenol | Phenol | India, Africa, Polynesia, Sudan, Lamiaceae
Tulsi Vana Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum gratissimum)

Camphor Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum kilimanscharicum), See text below Description

Camphor | high concentration | 1-8-Cineole | Linalool | said to be much easier to grow than common basil, but camphor smell
may be too much for some cuisines, East Africa, Lamiaceae
African Blue Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
See diagram: Basil, African blue

Lamiaceae.
Tulsi Kapoor Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum anctum)
Tulsi Rama Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum sanctum)
Tulsi Krishna Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum tenuifolium)

frost sensitive, purple smaller flowers than common basil, smooth slender green elliptic leaves, up to 1 m, hairy purple stem, fruits contain four small brown nutlets, anise-like or clove-like musky
fragrance and flavour, grows near temples in India, Hindu rosary beads, major flavouring ingredient in Thai cuisine, herbal tea, leave plant to flower to be put in tea, salads, high levels of | Eugenol |
herbal medicine, to treat liver disorders, coughs, colds, tonic aiding digestion, anti-stress "adaptogen", India, Lamiaceae
See diagram: Holy basil
Thai Holy Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum tenuiflorum, 'Krapao')
Dried herb sold as aerials

Origanum species, Lamiaceae
Origanum species, about 40 species, most contain | Carvacrol | Lamiaceae
Carvacrol | Cymene | herbal
medicine, treat many disorders, traditional aphrodisiac, potion used by female wizard Hermione, ornamental, Crete, Lamiaceae
Arbutin | Eugenol |
Terpinenes | Carvacrol | Linalool | Sabinene | essential oil contains | Borneol | Camphor | Pinene | herbal medicine, Mediterranean region, Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as leaves
Pot Majoram, (Origanum onites), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Carvacrol | herbal medicine, essential oil, aids the digestion, leaves rubbed on toothache area for relief, Greek and Italian cuisine, Turkey, Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as leaves
Origano
Recently, a consumer magazine tested 12 samples of commercial oregano and found other ingredients and olive leaves
Oregano, Origanum vulgare, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Golden Oregano, Origanum vulgare 'Aureum', Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
See diagram: Za'atar
Za'atar, Origanum syriaca, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Cat's whiskers, (Orthosiphon aristatus), Java tea, perennial, hardy plant, 1 metre, beautiful mauve to white flowers, garden shrub, herbal medicine, leaf and flower tea to maintain normal kidney function
| Sinensetin | South East Asia, Lamiaceae
Cat's Whiskers, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Beefsteak plant, (Perilla frutescens var. crispa), "shiso" perennial, up to 1 metre, hardy plant | Perillaldehyde | or have lemon taste so have | Limonene | herbal medicine, antioxidant, culinary uses, aromatic
green or purple leaves with purple underside, flavour salads, meat tenderizer, sushi, sweets, sauces, oil from leaves | Linolenic acid | half-hardy, ornamental leaves, East Asia, Lamiaceae
(Perilla frutescens var. frutescens), "perilla oil" from Perilla frutescens seeds, drying oil substitute for linseed oil, edible oil in China, India, Lamiaceae
Wild Perilla plants are reported to be toxic
ShisoPerilla, (Perilla frutescens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Red shiso, (Perilla frutescens var. crispa), purple mint, Lamiaceae
Green shiso, (Perilla frutescens var. crispa), Lamiaceae
Perilla Britton, (Perilla frutescens Britton), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Purple Perilla, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Russian sage, (Perovskia atriplicifolia), folk medicine, Lamiaceae
Russian Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Jerusalem sage, (Phlomis fructicosa), small shrub, up to 1 m, aromatic leaves, showy yellow or purple flowers, popular ornamental, Turkey, Lamiaceae

Plectranthus species, Lamiaceae
up to 40 cm, ground sprawler, succulent round aromatic leaves for meat flavouring like oregano, fleshy perennial, up to 50 cm, hardy plant, very attractive white / green leaves, lavender flowers, culinary
uses, bedtime tea, aromatic leaves with meat and vegetables, chopped and toasted on bread with butter, used chopped finely for soup, herbal medicine, antiseptic leaves are chewed for sore throat, grown from
cuttings, plant has strong odour and taste like oregano, rub on skin to deter mosquito bite | Camphor | frilly-edged thick leaves | Carvacrol | herbal medicine, Southern and Eastern Africa, Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as root particles or root powder
Mother of Herbs, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Indian coleus, (Plectranthus barbatus), Lamiaceae
Kaffir potato, (Plectranthus esculentus), Livingstone potato, dazo, hause potato, perennial, up to 2 m, branches form ground tubers "potatoes", nutritious, easy to grow, herbal medicine, treat digestive problems,
Africa, Lamiaceae
Plectranthus fruticosus, light green, oval to heart-shaped leaves, (houseplant), Lamiaceae
Plectranthus oertendahlii, (houseplant), Lamiaceae

Forskolin | herbal medicine, anti-hypertensive, Lamiaceae
Forskohlii, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Patchouli, (Pogostemon cablin), true patchouli, perennial, up to 1 metre, delightful aromatic, bath bags, perfumery, moth repellent, companion plant, culinary uses, use a leaf to flavour a green salad,
in essential oil | Patchouli oil perfume fixative, odour to carpets, India, China, Lamiaceae
Patchouli, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as leaf
Java Patchouli, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Self-heal, (Prunella vulgaris), heal-all, halal, sicklewort, woundwort, heart-of-the-earth, perennial, garden herb, groundcover, herbal medicine sore throats, wash, sprains, Lamiaceae
Self-heal, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description

Pycnanthemum, mountain mints, Lamiaceae
Flowering short-toothed mountainmint, (Pycnanthemum muticum) Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus species, Lamiaceae
tincture, aroma remains after
drying plant, garden hedge | Camphor | Carnosol | Borneol | Cineole | Myrcene | Pinene | Terpineol | Mediterranean region, Egypt, Australia, Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus officinalis var. angustifolia, (R. tenuifolius), pine-scented rosemary, pine-needled rosemary, Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus officinalis var. lavendulaceus, (R. officinalis, R. humulis, R procumbens), prostrate rosemary, Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus officinalis, rosemary, var. officinalis, rosemary, herbal medicine dispels melancholy, Lamiaceae
Beneden Blue Rosemary, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Blue Lagoon Rosemary, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Herb Cottage Rosemary, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as leaves and leaf powder, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Salvia species, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Camphor | Cineole | Pinene | Thujone | herbal medicine, sage leaf constituents may stimulate menstruation and be arbortifacient, do not use this herb during pregnancy,
lactation, long term, or with other anticoagulant medication, may increase sedative side effects of drugs, do not take if hypoglycaemic or during anticonvulsive therapy, culinary uses as traditional
flavouring herb, as a tincture, Egypt, Turkey, Lamiaceae
Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as leaves and leaf powder
Sages, culinary uses, stuffing, with meat, salads, soups, cold drinks
White Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Blue sage, (Salvia clevelandii), Lamiaceae
Fruity sage, (Salvia dorisiana), peach-scented sage, British Honduran sage, perennial, up to 1 metre, delicious smelling leaves and bright pink flowers, Lamiaceae
Fruity Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Pineapple Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
See diagram: Pineapple sage
Greek skies, Salvia fruticosa 'Greek Skies', Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
See diagram: Greek oregano
Hummingbird Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
large shrub, blue flowers, South America, Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as seed, Mudbrick herb Cottage
Spanish sage, (Salvia lavendulidefolia), lavender-leaved Sage, Lamiaceae
Mexican Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Lyre-leaf sage, (Salvia lyrata), perennial, up to 40 cm, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Baby Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Lithospermic acid | Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as root
Golden Sage, Salvia officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Purple Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Fuzzy Bolivian sage, (Salvia oxyphora), fuzzy cerise pink flowers, very ornamental, Lamiaceae
Fuzzy Bolivian Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Carnosol | antioxidant + phytochemicals, herbal medicine popular in Latin America, used to treat influenza, North America, Lamiaceae
Clary sage, (Salvia sclarea), muscatel sage, clary wort, clear eye, see bright, clary, clarry, eye bright, huge grey-green leaves, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Clary Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Bog sage, (Salvia uliginosa), whorls of indigo blue flowers, Lamiaceae
Bog Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Annual clary sage, (Salvia viridis), oval, ornamental, herbal medicine, sore gums, Lamiaceae

Savory, Satureja species, contain | Carvacrol | Lamiaceae
Carvacrol | Thymol | Lamiaceae
Lemon Savory, (Satureja montana citriodora), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Pink Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Winter savory, (Satureja montana), evergreen, perennial, food flavouring, Lamiaceae
Winter Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Prostrate Winter Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Baikul skullcap, (Scutellaria baicalensis), in leaves of medicinal herb Huang-chin, used to treat cancer | Baicalin | China, Lamiaceae
Baikal Skullcap, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as root
Skullcap, (Scutellaria galericulata), common skullcap, marsh skullcap, hooded skullcap, hardy, perennial herb, leaves contain Baicalin, herbal medicine, herbal teas, sedative, Northern hemisphere, Lamiaceae
Blue Skullcap, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as aerials and aerials powder, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Chinese artichoke, (Stachys affinis), Japanese artichoke, artichoke betony, crosnes, wood betony, clown's woundwort, woundwort, herbaceous perennial sprawling plant with rough, light green leaves, attractive
tubers like pearly seashells, hardy plant, up to 50 cm, hardy plant, deciduous, delicate nutty flavour, Lamiaceae
Betony, (Stachys officinalis), purple betony, wood betony, bishop's wort, common hedgenettle, perennial up to 60cm, groundcover, herbal medicine, sedative, Lamiaceae
Betony, Mudbrick Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as aerial parts, Mudbrick Cottage
Wood betony, (Stachys sylvatica), hedge woundwort, hedge nettle, to 80 cm, purple flower, crushed leaves have, unpleasant smell, herbal medicine, used to treat wounds, sedative, Lamiaceae

Canada Germander, (Teucrium canadense), wall germander, wood sage, herbal medicine, tea is diaphoretic and diuretic, used to stimulate menstruation, Lamiaceae.
Cat thyme, (Teucrium marum), perennial, up to 30 cm, aromatic grey leaves and pink flowers, some cats love to roll in it, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Cat Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Thymus species, Lamiaceae
Thymus species, about 70 species, many different flavoured varieties, Lamiaceae
Thyme, (Thymus vulgaris), common thyme, garden thyme, French thyme, garden edge perennial, can be walked on, up to 40 cm, beeforage, herbal remedy, antiseptic thyme gargle for sore throat, culinary
uses, holds strong flavour so add at beginning of cooking, bouquet garni, casseroles, meat dishes, with zucchini, tomatoes, add to meat, savoury dishes, as a tincture, red thyme oil, white thyme oil, | Carvacrol | if
taste like oregano or | Thymol | if less penetrating flavour | Cymene | Linalool | Pinene | herbal medicine, produces phenol, antiseptic, Egypt, Lamiaceae
Thymus vulgaris, Common Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Thymus vulgaris, Dried herb sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Thymus x citriodorus, Lemon Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
See diagram: Lemon thyme
Cymene | Lamiaceae
Thymus serpyllum, Wild Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lavender thyme, (Thymus thracicus), lavender-scented thyme, low growing, sturdy leaves and stem, suitable for rockeries, clean thyme smell with lavender, Lamiaceae
See diagram: Lavender thyme
| Cineole | Cinnamaldehyde | Eugenol | Eugenol acetate | | Linalool | Safrole |
Cinnamon bark contains essential oils | Benzaldehyde | Caryophyllene | Cineole | Cinnamaldehyde | Cuminaldehyde | Cinnamyl acetate | Cymene | Ethyl cinnamate | Eugenol | Furfural | Linalool | Methyl chavicol | Phellandrene | Pinene |

Citral | Lauraceae
Lindera strychnifolia, uyaku | Chamazulene | herbal medicine, stomach and renal disorders, Lauraceae
Lindera umbellata var. umbellata, kuru-moji, Lauraceae
Lindera aggregata, Lindera root, Japanese evergreen spicebush, radix lindera, evergreen lindera, wu yao, traditional Chinese medicine, treat abdominal pain, hernia, Tiantai Mountain, China

Bay tree, (Laurus nobilis), Grecian laurel, sweet bay, bay laurel, laurel, Roman laurel, noble laurel, perennial, hardy plant, topiary sculpture pot plant, up to 4-6 metres, slow growing, evergreen tree,
pot plant grown from root cuttings or seeds, dioecious, needs rich moist soil and part shade to full sun, blooms in mid to late spring, can grow as tub specimen, dark green aromatic leaves deter
cockroaches and weevils, culinary uses, meat and vegetable dishes, marinades, poached fish, marinades, single leaf in milk puddings sauces, stews, custards, aromatic leaves in "bouquet garni" | Cineole |
| Eugenol | Linalool | Methyl eugenol | Pinene | | + other | Terpenes | herbal medicine. but external use only, bay essential oil as rubbing oil for rheumatic complaints, sprains,colds, influenza, formerly a
symbol of victory and success in ancient Greek and Roman culture so "crowned with bays", in Bible only in three epistles of New Testament, origin of "poet laureate", "baccalaureate", Mediterranean
region, Lauraceae
Dried herb sold as bay leaf
Bay oil contains | Cineole | Pinene | Linalool |
Bay Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Bay Tree, Daley's Fruit Trees

California bay laurel, (Umbellularia californica), headache tree, California bay tree, Oregon myrtle | strong bay tree smell of | Cineole | Pinene | Sabinene | herbal medicine, traditional headache cure, crushed
leaves give temporary headache relief, large hardwood tree, Lauraceae

Avocado, (Persea americana), avocado, ahuactl, bata, agnate, abuacath, alligator pear, (from "ahuacatl", testicle-shaped fruit), medium to large tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit large, green or purple, flesh
yellow, nutty flavour, used fresh, salads, propagation from seeds, grafting, Tropical America, Lauraceae
Avocado leaves of Mexican varieties have tarragon aroma, dried then added to flavour dishes | Anethole | Estragole | Lauraceae
Avocado, Daley's Fruit Trees
9.3.8 Cryopreservation of avocado shoot tips, by Chris O’Brien

Barringtonia species, Lecythidaceae
Saponins | Malaysia, Pacific Ocean region, Lecythidaceae
Barringtonia calyptrata, Daley's Fruit Trees

Bertholletia species, Lecythidaceae
Lecythis species, Lecythidaceae
Utricularia species, Lentibulariaceae
Leafy bladderwort, (Utricularia foliosa), perennial, groundcover, lichen like, thrives in damp area and shade, carnivorous plant with capillary leaves bearing bladders to catch insects, Lentibulariaceae.

Linum species, Lentibulariaceae
Lawsonia species, Lythraceae
Lawsone | natural orange, (C10H6O3), North Africa, Lythraceae
Henna Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description
Dried herb sold as leaf

Pomegranate, (Punica granatum), dadima, (French, pome, apple, Latin granatum), hardy plant, more than 2 metres, semi-deciduous, slow growing grown from seeds and cuttings, shrub, fruit with large,
round, juicy pulp, many seeds, herbal medicine, anxiety, menopause, rich in antioxidants, fruit eaten raw, juice, in fruit salad, tannins extracted from root bark, Ayurvedic medicine, cultivated throughout
India, North America, China, Lythraceae
Dried herb sold as freeze-dried fruit juice dried powder
Pomegranate, Daley's Fruit Trees

Purple loosestrife, (Lythrum salicaria), herbaceous perennial, up to 2 m, many erect stems from woody origin, red-purple flowers, herbal medicine, safe astringent, diarrhoea, dysentery, Europe, Lythraceae

Magnolia species, Magnoliaceae
Magnolia species
Honokiol | bark used as herbal medicine, treat stress,
in "Joy" perfume, (champaca essential oil, attar holy fragrance, not used for therapeutic purposes), valuable timber, cultivated ornamental, Southeast Asia, Magnoliaceae

Azadirachta species, Meliaceae
See diagram: Neem tree
Neem Tree, Daley's Fruit Trees

Peumus species, Monimiaceae
Boldine | Ascaridole | Cineole | Linalool | and many alkaloids | herbal medicine, antioxidants, chemoprotective, hepatoprotective,
Chile, introduced to Europe and North Africa, Monimiaceae
Dried herb sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Brosimum species, Moraceae
Cow tree, (Brosimum utile), Central American milk tree, edible milky sap, "palo de vaca", "vegetable cheese", Central America, Moraceae
Other genera are called "cow tree"

Ficus species, fig trees, includes the Banyan Fig that starts as an epiphyte, e.g. Indian banyan tree. Moraceae
Ficus carica, common fig, edible fig, Moraceae

Paper mulberry, (Broussonetia papyrifera), tapa cloth tree, siapo, (historical paper), invasive weed, pollen allergy, bark fibre used for tapa cloth, paper, rope, edible fruit, Japan, Moraceae

Mulberry, (Morus species), at first grow fast then slow, multiple fruit, monoecious or dioecious
Black mulberry, (Morus nigra), large fruit with staining juice, large tree, 308 chromosomes, hairy lower leaf surface, Asia. Moraceae
Mulberry, Daley's Fruit Trees

Moringa species, Moringaceae
See diagram: Drumstick tree
Drumstick Tree Daley's Fruit Trees

See diagram: Jambolan

Syzygium anisatum, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Aniseed Myrtle, Daley's Fruit Trees
Citral | in essential oil, leaves and flowers rich in vitamins, herbal medicine,
south-east Queensland, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Lemon myrtle essential oil, uplifting and refreshing with antiseptic, antiviral and antifungal properties, used in an oil diffuser to purify the air for cold and flu, added to soaps, shampoos as cleaning products
It must be diluted in a carrier oil before applying to the skin
Dried herb sold as leaves and leaf powder
Lemon-myrtle essential oil Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Elemicin | Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Cinnamon Myrtle Daley's Fruit Trees

False rue, (Baeckea frutescens), cucau atap, small tree, needle-like leaves | essential oils | Cineole | Limonene | folk medicine, treats sunstroke, fever, after birth tonic,
ornamental, Myrtaceae

Manuka Tea Tree, (Leptospermum scoparium), manuka, New Zealand teatree, tea tree, Myrtaceae
Shrub, to 2 m, leaves variable, white flowers, from seed or cuttings, highly ornamental, for heavy shade, frost-hardy, hedge or screen plan, Australia, New Zealand
Manuka Tea Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Myrtle, (Myrtus communis), common myrtle, fragrant and glossy, evergreen leaves, many white flowers, small tree up to 2 metres, can trim to bush size, culinary uses,
flavour meat, fresh berries, leaves and flowers | vitamin C | malic acid | citric acid | used for salads, cooked dishes, herbal medicine, cosmetic oil, (in Bible Nehemiah 8:15),
Myrtaceae

Allspice, (Pimenta dioica), Myrtaceae, Jamaican pepper, pimenta, perennial, attractive hardy tree, dense foliage, bush or more than 3 metres, tree or trim to bush size, young plants need shade and water,
need male and female plants for pollination, small flowers, flowers contain both types of reproductive organs, but in some trees. "female flowers" have infertile pollen and "male flowers" have sterile
eggs, hard woody red-brown berries, the spice is the brown dried unripe fruit, the "berry", aroma and flavour combination of nutmeg, cinnamon and cloves, culinary uses, essential oil from distilled
leaves to make tea, leaves and seeds in pickling pie meat and vegetables, apple pie, cakes, biscuits, essential oil has high concentration of | Eugenol | Caryophyllene | Cineole | herbal medicine, arthritis,
muscular disorders, supposed aphrodisiac, but may irritate mucous membranes, ancient Mayas used it for embalming, male or female plants as ornamental, Central America, Jamaica, Myrtaceae
Dried herb is sold as berries.
See diagram Allspice
Allspice, Daley's Fruit Trees
Chavicol | Eugenol | Methyl eugenol | Citral | Myrcene | Phellandrene | concentrated oil is toxic, invasive, West Indies, Myrtaceae
See diagram Bay rum tree

Jaboticaba Plinia cauliflora, Daley's Fruit Trees

Psidium: Australian native fruits with potential for development
Psidium araca, Araca, Myrtaceae
See diagram Cattley guava
Guava, (Psidium guajava), common guava, yellow guava pine guava, small to medium tree, evergreen, fast growing, prolific, fruit medium to large, round, sweet or sour, aromatic, high in vitamin C, few
seeds, pear-like flavour, high nutritional value, used fresh, jelly, preserves, juice, propagation from seeds, air-layering, grafting | Casuarictin | Casuarinin | Gallic acid | Tellimagrandin I (C34H26O12) |
herbal medicine, Mexico, South America, Myrtaceae
Guava, Daley's Fruit Trees

Finger cherry, (Rhodomyrtus macrocarpa), wannakai, native loquat, finger cherry | Rhodomyrtoxin | poisonous red fruit, may cause blindness in children, Australia, Myrtaceae
Ceylon Hill Gooseberry, Daley's Fruit Trees
Native Guava, Daley's Fruit Trees

Turpentine Tree, (Syncarpia glomulifera), timber has high silica content, resistant to marine borers, Myrtaceae

Clove, (Syzygium aromaticum), Myrtaceae
clove gillyflower, evergreen, up to 12 m, grown from seeds, air-layering, cloves are dried aromatic flower buds picked just before they open then dried, pungent flavour and aroma, antimicrobial, food
preservative, high concentration of antioxidants, cuisine uses, in spice mixes to flavour meat and sweets, Indonesian kretek cigarettes contains phenolic compounds, mainly | Casuarictin | Eugeniin |
| Eugenol | Caryophyllene | Eugenol acetate | Gallic acid | Tellimagrandin | Vanillin | traditional herbal medicine, digestion disorders, coughs, sinuses,excesive gas bloating, topical application for
rheumatism and inflammation, attractive ornamental, Madagascar, originally from Maluku Islands, Indonesia, Myrtaceae
Dried herb sold as clove flower bud whole
See diagram: Syzygium aromaticum
Clove oil, oil of cloves, essential oil, (C7H12ClN3O2), 205.642 g/mol, from flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum trees which contains about 85% | Eugenol | has both analgesic and antiseptic properties,
numbs nerve endings, in mouth washes, used to treat tooth and gum pain

Abronia species, Nyctaginaceae
Sweet Sand-verbena, (Abronia fragrans), Vanilla fragrant upright sprawling perennial, showy blooms, groundcover in rock gardens, Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia species, Nyctaginaceae
Punarnava, (Boerhavia diffusa), Nyctaginaceae