Make use of the plants in the plant families Lamiaceae to Nyctaginaceae.

School Science Lessons
(Foodgardens6c) 2025-07-28
Herbs Information and Websites

Lamiaceae to Nyctaginaceae, Plant families
Contents
Ocimum species, Lamiaceae
Acinos species, Lamiaceae
Acinos species: | Poncirin | rock thyme, (Acinos alpinus), Lamiaceae
Agastache species, Lamiaceae
Agastache species, giant hyssop, flowers with two-lipped corolla, Asia, North America, Lamiaceae
Agastache 'Sweet Lili', (Agastache aurantiaca), Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Anise hyssop, (Agastache foeniculum), blue giant hyssop, mosquito plant, short-lived herbaceous perennial, up to 60 cm, clump forming,
upright purple-blue flower spikes, abundant nectar | Estragole | culinary uses, refreshing aniseed-flavoured tea,
leaves put in in apple pie, ornamental, Mexico, Lamiaceae
Anise Hyssop, Agastache foeniculum, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Ballota species, Lamiaceae
Black horehound, (Ballota nigra), Bulgaria, Lamiaceae
Black Horehound, Ballota nigra, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.

Calamintha species, Lamiaceae
Ashe's savory, (Calamintha ashei), Ashe's calamint | Evodone, (C10H12O2), monoterpenoid | USA, Lamiaceae
Large-flowered calamint, (Calamintha grandiflora), showy calamint, mint savory, is used in cooking, treat bruises and cramps, ornamental, Lamiaceae

Calamint, (Calamintha sylvatica), common calamint, mill mountain, mountain balm, mountain mint, perennial, low-growing up to 30 cm, green stalks, opposite, oval matt green leaves, about 2 cm long, whole plant aromatic, alkaline soil, leaf tea, herbal medicine, diaphoretic and expectorant, leaf poultice for bruises, can cause miscarriage, temperate regions, low-growing plant, mint smell, lavender flowers, alkaline soil, leaves used to make tea, Lamiaceae

Clinopodium species, Lamiaceae
Nepitella, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Clinopodium umbrosum, Lamiaceae

Wild basil, (Clinopodium vulgaris), aromatic, hedges, culinary uses, usd fresh or dried as cooked food flavouring in cooked foods or in salads, aromatic, herbal tea from fresh leaves, brown-yellow dye, herbal medicine, tea, astringent, carminative, Europe, Lamiaceae

Cunila species, Lamiaceae
Stone Mint, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.

Glechoma species, Lamiaceae
See diagram: (Glechoma hederacea).

Hyssopus species, Lamiaceae
Hyssop, (Hyssopus officinalis), azob, perennial, hardy plant, up to 50 cm, spikes of small blue flowers, good scented herb, aromatic bitter taste, culinary uses, with rabbit, lamb, salads, vegetables, stewed peaches, apricots, used more in candies than cooking for European cooking, used mainly in Thailand and Vietnam cooking, flavouring in Pernod, Ricard, Chartreuse liqueurs | Borneol | Camphor | Geraniol | Phellandrene|.
| Pinene | Pinocamphone | herbal medicine, tea for colds, (in Bible, "hyssop" used by Hebrews for Passover ritual purification), in some eau de colognes, Mediterranean region, Lamiaceae
Hyssop, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as aerials

Lavandula species, Lamiaceae
Lavandula, lavender, Lamiaceae
Lavandula angustifolia, lavender, (the most common lavender), true lavender, garden lavender, English lavender, perennial, spikes of purple flowers, anceolate aromatic leaves, very hardy plant, up to 80 cm, monoterpene, perillyl alcohol, culinary uses, garnish, in sauces and sweets, dried blossoms for aroma, used for scent for bath water and sheets, astringent to dry oily skin token of affection, insect repellent, dog inhibitor, air freshener, in soap and candles, garnish, used as aromatherapy or by mouth may increase the amount of drowsiness caused by some drugs, e.g. antidepressants and alcohol, a-terpinol | Cineole | Geranyl acetate | Lavandulyl acetate | Linalool | Linalyl acetate | herbal medicine, pain relief, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, Mediterranean region, China, Lamiaceae
This species is used to make lavender oil, oil of lavender, but other Lavendula hybrids, e.g. Dutch lavender, are cultivated for commercial production of a similar lavender oil.
See diagram: Lavender.
Dried lavender sold as flowers.
Medical use was as astringents, staunch wounds, tea with honey for chills and flower tops for cooked vegetables.
White deadnettle, (Lamium album), hedge plant, large white flowers, Lamiaceae
See diagram: Lamium album.

See diagram: Lamium galeobdolon.

See diagram: Lamium maculatum.

See diagram: Lamium purpureum.

Lion's tail, (Leonotis leonurus), ornamental, herbal medicine, South Africa, Lamiaceae
Lion's Tail - White, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Lion's Tail - Orange Flower, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.

Leonurus species, Lamiaceae
Motherwort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lycopus species, Lamiaceae
Gypsywort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Marrubium species, Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.

Lemon balm, (Melissa officinalis), balm, sweet balm, bee balm, heart's delight, honey plant, perennial, up to 40 cm, shiny leaves easy to grow from seed, sun to part shade, white flowers attractive to butterflies, cut back to ground after flowering so it comes back with fresh, green growth for the cooler months, with strong lemon scent, non-running mint, grows in cooler semi-shaded areas, companion plant, culinary uses, leaves used in salads, with pork, lamb, chicken stuffing, soups, sweet fruit dishes, summer drinks for light lemon flavour | Citral | Citronellal | Citronellol | Geraniol | Linalyl acetate | herbal medicine, use leaves in sedative tea to treat stress, insomnia, students before exams, headaches, indigestion, antidepressant, astringent to dry oily skin, cream for cold sores and inflamed skin, Lamiaceae
Lemon Balm, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as aerials or "balm leaf", Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Lime Balm, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Bastard balm, (Melittis melissophyllum), ornamental, orchid-like flowers, aromatic honey-scented foliage, Europe, Lamiaceae

Marvellous Mints, Basilea Living Herbs
See diagram: Mint flower.
See diagram: Peppermint 1.

Wild mint, (Mentha arvensis), field mint, corn mint, Japanese peppermint, perennial, up to 40 cm, may be deciduous, rub leaves to sniff aroma of | Menthol | Menthone | herbal medicine, volatile oil helps to clear head and chest, or infuse leaves in boiling water, put a towel over head and inhale vapour for temporary relief colds, bronchial coughs, sinus, nervous stress, headaches, chew leaves for sore throat, culinary uses, Lamiaceae

Japanese Menthol Mint, (Mentha arvensis subsp. piperascens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.

Asian mint, (Mentha asiatica, M. longifolia var. asiatica), fragrant purple flowers, evergreen opposite phyllotaxy leaves, propagate from root cuttings not seed, Lamiaceae

River mint, (Mentha australis), Australian mint, native mint, native peppermint, native river mint, swamp mint, groundcover, herbal leaf, peppermint-like flavour, Australian native food, Lamiaceae
Native Mint, (Mentha australis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage

American wild mint, (Mentha canadensis), American corn mint, Japanese peppermint, North American field mint, Lamiaceae

Hart's pennyroyal mint, (Mentha cervina), (similar to pennyroyal mint), up to 30 cm, fragrant leaves | Pulegone | in essential oil | western Mediterranean, Lamiaceae

Wild mint, (Mentha diemenica), slender mint, Australian native food, Lamiaceae
Native Mint, (Mentha diemenica), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, Lamiaceae

Horse mint, (Mentha longifolia) | Rotundifolone | folk medicine, Europe, central Asia, Africa, Lamiaceae
Egyptian Mint, (Mentha niliaca), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.

Pennyroyal, pennyroyal mint, (Mentha pulegium), squaw mint, mosquito plant, crushed leaves strong smell like spearment culinary herb, folk remedy, strong smell like spearmint, aromatherapy oil, but toxic so use with caution | Pulegone | folk medicine, abortifacient, Europe, North Africa, Lamiaceae
Pennyroyal Mint, (Mentha pulegium), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium, Daley's Fruit Trees

Corsican Mint, (Mentha requienii), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.

Rust Free Mint Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.

Spearmint, (Mentha spicata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description, Dried herb sold as leaves

Apple Mint, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Mentha spicata Daley's Fruit Trees

Variegated Apple Mint, (Mentha suaveolens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Apple Mint, (variegated), Mentha suaveolens 'variegata', Daley's Fruit Trees

Mentha X gracilis, Lamiaceae
Ginger Mint, (Mentha X gracilis), (M. arvensis X M. spicata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Scotch spearmint, (Mentha X gracilis), red mint, Lamiaceae
Hung Cay Mint, (Mentha x gracilis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description,zz
Peppermint, (Mentha X piperita), (Watermint X Spearmint)
| Eriocitrin | Menthofuran | Menthol | Rosmarinic Acid | Europe, Lamiaceae
< a href="#Peppermint">Peppermint, (Mentha X piperita)
Basil Mint, (Mentha X Piperita Citrata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
White Peppermint, (Mentha piperita officinalis), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description, Dried herb is sold as leaf.
Peppermint Mentha X piperita, Daley's Fruit Trees
Candymint peppermint, (Mentha × piperita 'Candymint'), (mentha x piperita), perennial, hairy red-purple stems, aromatic leaves, crisp flavour, invasive, Lamiaceae
Chocolate mint, (Mentha × piperita 'Chocolate Mint'), flower opens upwards leaving bracts and elongating tip, popular confection, Lamiaceae
Chocolate Mint, (Mentha X piperita f. citrata 'Chocolate'), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Chocolate Mint, Mentha X piperita f. citrata, Daley's Fruit Trees
(Mentha × piperita 'Citrata' includes varieties such as 'Eau De Cologne Mint', 'Grapefruit Mint', 'Lemon Mint' and 'Orange Mint'.
Leaves are aromatic and hairless.
Eau de Cologne Mint, (Mentha citrata), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
(Mentha X piperita 'Crispa'), wrinkled leaves, Lamiaceae
Moroccan Mint, (Mentha spicata var. crispa), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Moroccan green mint, (Mentha spicata, var. Spicata), Green Mint, Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Lavender Mint', Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Lime Mint'), lime-scented leaves, Lamiaceae
(Mentha X piperita 'Variegata'), green and pale yellow leaves, Lamiaceae
Whorled mint, (Mentha X verticillata), Lamiaceae
Cuban Mint, (Mentha X villosa), mojito Mint Lamiaceae
Mint, Old Fashioned Mint, (Mentha X villosa), Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Peppermint, (Mentha X piperita), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Peppermint, Daley's Fruit Trees

White Peppermint, Mentha piperita officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.

See diagram: Variegated Mint.

Ginger Mint, Mentha spicata species, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.

Chocolate Mint, Mentha X piperita f. citrata ‘Chocolate’, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
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Monarda.
Lemon Bergamot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
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Bergamot, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
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Nepita species, Lamiaceae
Six Hills Giant Catmint, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Nepita X racemosa), See text below Description.
Catmint Walkers Blue, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Nepita X faasseni racemosa).
Catnip, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb sold as aerials.
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American basil, (Ocimum americanum, hoary basil, lime basil, annual herb, white or lavender flowers, herbal medicine, aromatic leaves, high proportion of | Camphor | food flavouring, introduced weed in Australia, Africa, India, China, Southeast Asia.
Ocimum americanum, Lime Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
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Essential oils industry seek varieties with little or no | Estragole |.
Dried herb sold as basil leaf.
Basil essential oil contains | Pinene | Camphene | Myrcene | Limonene | Ocimene | Camphor | Linalool | Methyl chavicol | Terpineol | Citronellol | Geraniol | Methyl cinnamatee | Eugenol |.
See diagram: Sweet basil.
Sweet Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum), See text below Description.
Fine Leaf Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum).
Basils, Basilea Living Herbs.
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Perennial Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
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Spicy Globe Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'Spicy globe'), See text below Description.
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Anise-Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'anise').
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Cinnamon Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum, 'Cinnamon').
See diagram: Cinnamon basil.
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Green Ruffles Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'Green Ruffles').
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Dark Opal Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'Purpurascens'), See text below Description.
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Greek Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Lettuce Leaf Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum basilicum 'Lettuce leaf'), See text below Description.
See diagram: Lemon basil.
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Mrs Burns basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below, .
See diagram: Thai basil.
Thai Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Hoary basil, (Ocimum canum), leaves used for culinary flavouring | Nevadensin | traditional herbal medicine, used to treat fevers, parasitic, inflammation of joints, headaches, dysentery, insecticide, essential oil contains.
| Linalool | seeds for dietary fibre, Lamiaceae. .
Tulsi Vana Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum gratissimum).
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Camphor Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum kilimanscharicum), See text below Description.
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African Blue Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
See diagram: Basil, African blue.
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Tulsi Kapoor Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum anctum).
Tulsi Rama Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum sanctum).
Tulsi Krishna Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum tenuifolium).
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See diagram: Holy basil.
Thai Holy Basil, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Ocimum tenuiflorum, 'Krapao').
Dried herb sold as aerials.
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Origanum species, Lamiaceae
Origanum species, about 40 species, most contain zzz | Carvacrol | Lamiaceae
Cymene | herbal medicine, treat many disorders, traditional aphrodisiac, potion used by female wizard Hermione, ornamental, Crete, Lamiaceae
Arbutin | Eugenol | Terpinenes | Carvacrol | Linalool | Sabinene | essential oil contains | Borneol | Camphor | Pinene | herbal medicine, Mediterranean region, Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as leaves.
Pot Majoram, (Origanum onites), Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
See diagram: Oregano.
Recently, a consumer magazine tested 12 samples of commercial oregano and found other ingredients and olive leaves.
Oregano, Origanum vulgare, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Golden Oregano, Origanum vulgare 'Aureum', Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
See diagram: Za'atar.
Za'atar, Origanum syriaca, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
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Cat's whiskers, (Orthosiphon aristatus), Java tea, perennial, hardy plant, 1 metre, beautiful mauve to white flowers, garden shrub, herbal medicine, leaf and flower tea to maintain normal kidney function | Sinensetin | South East Asia, Lamiaceae
Cat's Whiskers, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
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Beefsteak plant, (Perilla frutescens var. crispa), "shiso" perennial, up to 1 metre, hardy plant | Perillaldehyde | or have lemon taste so have | Limonene | herbal medicine, antioxidant, culinary uses, aromatic green or purple leaves with purple underside, flavour salads, meat tenderizer, sushi, sweets, sauces, oil from leaves | Linolenic acid | half-hardy, ornamental leaves, East Asia, Lamiaceae
(Perilla frutescens var. frutescens), "perilla oil" from Perilla frutescens seeds, drying oil substitute for linseed oil, edible oil in China, India, Lamiaceae
Wild Perilla plants are reported to be toxic.
ShisoPerilla, (Perilla frutescens), Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Red shiso, (Perilla frutescens var. crispa), purple mint, Lamiaceae
Green shiso, (Perilla frutescens var. crispa), Lamiaceae
Perilla Britton, (Perilla frutescens Britton), Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Purple Perilla, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Russian sage, (Perovskia atriplicifolia), folk medicine, Lamiaceae
Russian Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Jerusalem sage, (Phlomis fructicosa), small shrub, up to 1 m, aromatic leaves, showy yellow or purple flowers, popular ornamental, Turkey, Lamiaceae
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Plectranthus species, Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as root particles or root powder.
Mother of Herbs, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Indian coleus, (Plectranthus barbatus), Lamiaceae
Kaffir potato, (Plectranthus esculentus), Livingstone potato, dazo, hause potato, perennial, up to 2 m, branches form ground tubers "potatoes", nutritious, easy to grow, herbal medicine, treat digestive problems, Africa, Lamiaceae
Plectranthus fruticosus, light green, oval to heart-shaped leaves, (houseplant), Lamiaceae
Plectranthus oertendahlii, (houseplant), Lamiaceae
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Forskolin | herbal medicine, anti-hypertensive, Lamiaceae
Forskohlii, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Patchouli, (Pogostemon cablin), true patchouli, perennial, up to 1 metre, delightful aromatic, bath bags, perfumery, moth repellent, companion plant, culinary uses, use a leaf to flavour a green salad, in essential oil | Patchouli oil perfume fixative, odour to carpets, India, China, Lamiaceae
Patchouli, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as leaf.
Java Patchouli, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Self-heal, (Prunella vulgaris), heal-all, halal, sicklewort, woundwort, heart-of-the-earth, perennial, garden herb, groundcover, herbal medicine sore throats, wash, sprains, Lamiaceae
Self-heal, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
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Pycnanthemum, mountain mints, Lamiaceae
Flowering short-toothed mountainmint, (Pycnanthemum muticum) Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus species, Lamiaceae
tincture, aroma remains after drying plant, garden hedge | Camphor | Carnosol | Borneol | Cineole |Myrcene | Pinene | Terpineol | Mediterranean region, Egypt, Australia, Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus officinalis var. angustifolia, (R. tenuifolius), pine-scented rosemary, pine-needled rosemary, Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus officinalis var. lavendulaceus, (R. officinalis, R. humulis, R procumbens), prostrate rosemary, Lamiaceae
Rosmarinus officinalis, rosemary, var. officinalis, rosemary, herbal medicine dispels melancholy, Lamiaceae
Beneden Blue Rosemary, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Blue Lagoon Rosemary, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Herb Cottage Rosemary, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as leaves and leaf powder, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Salvia species, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Cineole | Pinene | Thujone | herbal medicine, sage leaf constituents may stimulate menstruation and be arbortifacient, do not use this herb during pregnancy, lactation, long term, or with other anticoagulant medication, may increase sedative side effects of drugs, do not take if hypoglycaemic or during anticonvulsive therapy, culinary uses as traditional flavouring herb, as a tincture, Egypt, Turkey, Lamiaceae
Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as leaves and leaf powder.
Sages, culinary uses, stuffing, with meat, salads, soups, cold drinks.
White Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Blue sage, (Salvia clevelandii), Lamiaceae
Fruity sage, (Salvia dorisiana), peach-scented sage, British Honduran sage, perennial, up to 1 metre, delicious smelling leaves and bright pink flowers, Lamiaceae
Fruity Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Pineapple Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
See diagram: Pineapple sage.
Greek skies, Salvia fruticosa 'Greek Skies', Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
See diagram: Greek oregano.
Hummingbird Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
large shrub, blue flowers, South America, Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as seed, Mudbrick herb Cottage.
Spanish sage, (Salvia lavendulidefolia), lavender-leaved Sage, Lamiaceae
Mexican Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Lyre-leaf sage, (Salvia lyrata), perennial, up to 40 cm, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Baby Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Lithospermic acid | Lamiaceae
Dried herb sold as root.
Golden Sage, Salvia officinalis, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Purple Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Fuzzy Bolivian sage, (Salvia oxyphora), fuzzy cerise pink flowers, very ornamental, Lamiaceae
Fuzzy Bolivian Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Carnosol | antioxidant + phytochemicals, herbal medicine popular in Latin America, used to treat influenza, North America, Lamiaceae
Clary sage, (Salvia sclarea), muscatel sage, clary wort, clear eye, see bright, clary, clarry, eye bright, huge grey-green leaves, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Clary Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Bog sage, (Salvia uliginosa), whorls of indigo blue flowers, Lamiaceae
Bog Sage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Annual clary sage, (Salvia viridis), oval, ornamental, herbal medicine, sore gums, Lamiaceae
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Savory, Satureja species, contain | Carvacrol | Lamiaceae
Thymol | Lamiaceae
Lemon Savory, (Satureja montana citriodora), Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Pink Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Winter savory, (Satureja montana), evergreen, perennial, food flavouring, Lamiaceae
Winter Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Prostrate Winter Savory, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Baikul skullcap, (Scutellaria baicalensis), in leaves of medicinal herb Huang-chin, used to treat cancer | Baicalin | China, Lamiaceae
Baikal Skullcap, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as root.
Skullcap, (Scutellaria galericulata), common skullcap, marsh skullcap, hooded skullcap, hardy, perennial herb, leaves contain Baicalin, herbal medicine, herbal teas, sedative, Northern hemisphere, Lamiaceae
Blue Skullcap, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as aerials and aerials powder, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Chinese artichoke, (Stachys affinis), Japanese artichoke, artichoke betony, crosnes, wood betony, clown's woundwort, woundwort, herbaceous perennial sprawling plant with rough, light green leaves, attractive tubers like pearly seashells, hardy plant, up to 50 cm, hardy plant, deciduous, delicate nutty flavour, Lamiaceae
Betony, (Stachys officinalis), purple betony, wood betony, bishop's wort, common hedgenettle, perennial up to 60cm, groundcover, herbal medicine, sedative, Lamiaceae
Betony, Mudbrick Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as aerial parts, Mudbrick Cottage.
Wood betony, (Stachys sylvatica), hedge woundwort, hedge nettle, to 80 cm, purple flower, crushed leaves have, unpleasant smell, herbal medicine, used to treat wounds, sedative, Lamiaceae
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Canada Germander, (Teucrium canadense), wall germander, wood sage, herbal medicine, tea is diaphoretic and diuretic, used to stimulate menstruation, Lamiaceae
Cat thyme, (Teucrium marum), perennial, up to 30 cm, aromatic grey leaves and pink flowers, some cats love to roll in it, herbal medicine, Lamiaceae
Cat Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Thymus species, Lamiaceae
Thymus species, about 70 species, many different flavoured varieties, Lamiaceae
Thyme, (Thymus vulgaris), common thyme, garden thyme, French thyme, garden edge perennial, can be walked on, up to 40 cm, beeforage, herbal remedy, antiseptic thyme gargle for sore throat, culinary uses, holds strong flavour so add at beginning of cooking, bouquet garni, casseroles, meat dishes, with zucchini, tomatoes, add to meat, savoury dishes, as a tincture, red thyme oil, white thyme oil, | Carvacrol | if taste like oregano or | Thymol | if less penetrating flavour | Cymene | Linalool | Pinene | herbal medicine, produces phenol, antiseptic, Egypt, Lamiaceae
Thymus vulgaris, Common Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Thymus vulgaris, Dried herb sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Thymus x citriodorus, Lemon Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
See diagram: Lemon thyme.
Cymene | Lamiaceae
Thymus serpyllum, Wild Thyme, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Lavender thyme, (Thymus thracicus), lavender-scented thyme, low growing, sturdy leaves and stem, suitable for rockeries, clean thyme smell with lavender, Lamiaceae
See diagram: Lavender thyme.
| Cineole | Cinnamaldehyde | Benzylbenzoate | Eugenol | Eugenol acetate | Linalool | Safrole |
Cinnamon bark contains essential oils | Benzaldehyde | Caryophyllene | Cineole | Cinnamaldehyde | Cuminaldehyde | Cinnamyl acetate | Cymene | Ethyl cinnamate | Eugenol | Furfural | Linalool | Methyl chavicol | Phellandrene | Pinene |.

Spicebush, (Lindera benzoin), Benjamin bush, citrus-like aromatic leaves, dioecious, small yellow flowers, scarlet-yellow berries, leaves used for tea and allspice substitute, native American herbal medicine, North America, Lauraceae
(Other species are called "spicebush".).
Lindera strychnifolia, uyaku | Chamazulene | herbal medicine, stomach and renal disorders, Lauraceae
Lindera umbellata var. umbellata, kuru-moji, Lauraceae
Lindera aggregata, Lindera root, Japanese evergreen spicebush, radix lindera, evergreen lindera, wu yao, traditional Chinese medicine, treat abdominal pain, hernia, Tiantai Mountain, China.

Bay tree, (Laurus nobilis), Grecian laurel, sweet bay, bay laurel, laurel, Roman laurel, noble laurel, perennial, hardy plant, topiary sculpture pot plant, up to 4-6 metres, slow growing, evergreen tree, pot plant grown from root cuttings or seeds, dioecious, needs rich moist soil and part shade to full sun, blooms in mid to late spring, can grow as tub specimen, dark green aromatic leaves deter cockroaches and weevils, culinary uses, meat and vegetable dishes, marinades, poached fish, marinades, single leaf in milk puddings sauces, stews, custards, aromatic leaves in "bouquet garni" | Cineole Eugenol | Linalool | Methyl eugenol | Pinene | | + other | Terpenes | herbal medicine. but external use only, bay essential oil as rubbing oil for rheumatic complaints, sprains,colds, influenza, formerly a symbol of victory and success in ancient Greek and Roman culture so "crowned with bays", in Bible only in three epistles of New Testament, origin of "poet laureate", "baccalaureate", Mediterranean region, Lauraceae
Dried herb sold as bay leaf.
Bay oil contains | Cineole | Pinene | Linalool | .
Bay Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Bay Tree, Daley's Fruit Trees.

California bay laurel, (Umbellularia californica), headache tree, California bay tree, Oregon myrtle | strong bay tree smell of | Cineole | Pinene | Sabinene | herbal medicine, traditional headache cure, crushed leaves give temporary headache relief, large hardwood tree, Lauraceae

Avocado, (Persea americana), avocado, ahuactl, bata, agnate, abuacath, alligator pear, (from "ahuacatl", testicle-shaped fruit), medium to large tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit large, green or purple, flesh yellow, nutty flavour, used fresh, salads, propagation from seeds, grafting, Tropical America, Lauraceae
Avocado leaves of Mexican varieties have tarragon aroma, dried then added to flavour dishes | Anethole | Estragole | Lauraceae
Avocado, Daley's Fruit Trees.
9.3.8 Cryopreservation of avocado shoot tips, by Chris O’Brien.

Barringtonia species, Lecythidaceae
Saponins | Malaysia, Pacific Ocean region, Lecythidaceae
Barringtonia calyptrata, Daley's Fruit Trees.
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Bertholletia species, Lecythidaceae
Lecythis species, Lecythidaceae
Utricularia species, Lentibulariaceae
Leafy bladderwort, (Utricularia foliosa), perennial, groundcover, lichen like, thrives in damp area and shade, carnivorous plant with capillary leaves bearing bladders to catch insects, Lentibulariaceae
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Linum species, Lentibulariaceae
Lawsonia species, Lythraceae
Lawsone | natural orange, (C10H6O3), North Africa, Lythraceae
Henna Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb sold as leaf.
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Pomegranate, (Punica granatum), dadima, (French, pome, apple, Latin granatum), hardy plant, more than 2 metres, semi-deciduous, slow growing grown from seeds and cuttings, shrub, fruit with large, round, juicy pulp, many seeds, It is an Ayurvedic herbal medicine used to treat anxiety and menopause problems, is rich in antioxidants, and is ant-inflammatory. However, researchers have questioned whether pomegranate juice interfere with the delivery of prescribed drugs via proteins known as solute carrier transporters.
The fruit is eaten raw, juice, in fruit salad, Tannins are extracted from root bark, cultivated throughout India, North America, China, Lythraceae
Dried herb sold as freeze-dried fruit juice dried powder.
Pomegranate, Daley's Fruit Trees.
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Purple loosestrife, (Lythrum salicaria), herbaceous perennial, up to 2 m, many erect stems from woody origin, red-purple flowers, herbal medicine, safe astringent, diarrhoea, dysentery, Europe, Lythraceae

Magnolia species, Magnoliaceae
Magnolia species.
Honokiol | bark used as herbal medicine, treat stress, in "Joy" perfume, (champaca essential oil, attar holy fragrance, not used for therapeutic purposes), valuable timber, cultivated ornamental, Southeast Asia, Magnoliaceae

Azadirachta species, Meliaceae
See diagram: Neem tree.
Neem Tree, Daley's Fruit Trees.

Peumus species, Monimiaceae
Boldine | Ascaridole | Cineole | Linalool | and many alkaloids | herbal medicine, antioxidants, chemoprotective, hepatoprotective, Chile, introduced to Europe and North Africa, Monimiaceae
Dried herb sold as leaves, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.

Brosimum species, Moraceae
Cow tree, (Brosimum utile), Central American milk tree, edible milky sap, "palo de vaca", "vegetable cheese", Central America, Moraceae
Other genera are called "cow tree".
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Ficus species, fig trees, includes the Banyan Fig that starts as an epiphyte, e.g. Indian banyan tree. Moraceae
Ficus carica, common fig, edible fig, Moraceae
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Paper mulberry, (Broussonetia papyrifera), tapa cloth tree, siapo, (historical paper), invasive weed, pollen allergy, bark fibre used for tapa cloth, paper, rope, edible fruit, Japan, Moraceae
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Mulberry, (Morus species), at first grow fast then slow, multiple fruit, monoecious or dioecious.
Black mulberry, (Morus nigra), large fruit with staining juice, large tree, 308 chromosomes, hairy lower leaf surface, Asia. Moraceae
Mulberry, Daley's Fruit Trees.

Moringa species, Moringaceae
See diagram: Drumstick tree.
Drumstick Tree Daley's Fruit Trees.

See diagram: Jambolan.
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Syzygium anisatum, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Aniseed Myrtle, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Lemon-myrtle essential oil Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Elemicin | Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Cinnamon Myrtle Daley's Fruit Trees.
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False rue, (Baeckea frutescens), cucau atap, small tree, needle-like leaves | essential oils | Cineole | Limonene | folk medicine, treats sunstroke, fever, after birth tonic, ornamental, Myrtaceae
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Manuka Tea Tree, (Leptospermum scoparium), manuka, New Zealand teatree, tea tree, Myrtaceae
Shrub, to 2 m, leaves variable, white flowers, from seed or cuttings, highly ornamental, for heavy shade, frost-hardy, hedge or screen plan, Australia, New Zealand.
Manuka Tea Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
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Myrtle, (Myrtus communis), common myrtle, fragrant and glossy, evergreen leaves, many white flowers, small tree up to 2 metres, can trim to bush size, culinary uses, flavour meat, fresh berries, leaves and flowers | vitamin C | malic acid | citric acid | used for salads, cooked dishes, herbal medicine, cosmetic oil, (in Bible Nehemiah 8:15), Myrtaceae
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Allspice, (Pimenta dioica), Myrtaceae, Jamaican pepper, pimenta, perennial, attractive hardy tree, dense foliage, bush or more than 3 metres, tree or trim to bush size, young plants need shade and water, need male and female plants for pollination, small flowers, flowers contain both types of reproductive organs, but in some trees. "female flowers" have infertile pollen and "male flowers" have sterile eggs, hard woody red-brown berries, the spice is the brown dried unripe fruit, the "berry", aroma and flavour combination of nutmeg, cinnamon and cloves, culinary uses, essential oil from distilled leaves to make tea, leaves and seeds in pickling pie meat and vegetables, apple pie, cakes, biscuits, essential oil has high concentration of | Eugenol | Caryophyllene | Cineole | herbal medicine, arthritis, muscular disorders, supposed aphrodisiac, but may irritate mucous membranes, ancient Mayas used it for embalming, male or female plants as ornamental, Central America, Jamaica, Myrtaceae
Dried herb is sold as berries.
See diagram: Allspice.
Allspice, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Chavicol | Eugenol | Methyl eugenol | Citral | Myrcene | Phellandrene | concentrated oil is toxic, invasive, West Indies, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Bay rum tree.
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Jaboticaba Plinia cauliflora, Daley's Fruit Trees.
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Psidium: Australian native fruits with potential for development.
Psidium araca, Araca, Myrtaceae
See diagram: Cattley guava.
Guava, (Psidium guajava), common guava, yellow guava pine guava, small to medium tree, evergreen, fast growing, prolific, fruit medium to large, round, sweet or sour, aromatic, high in vitamin C, few seeds, pear-like flavour, high nutritional value, used fresh, jelly, preserves, juice, propagation from seeds, air-layering, grafting | Casuarictin | Casuarinin | Gallic acid | Tellimagrandin I (C34H26O12) | herbal medicine, Mexico, South America, Myrtaceae
Guava, Daley's Fruit Trees.
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Finger cherry, (Rhodomyrtus macrocarpa), wannakai, native loquat, finger cherry | Rhodomyrtoxin | poisonous red fruit, may cause blindness in children, Australia, Myrtaceae
Ceylon Hill Gooseberry, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Native Guava, Daley's Fruit Trees.
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Turpentine Tree, (Syncarpia glomulifera), timber has high silica content, resistant to marine borers, Myrtaceae
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Clove, (Syzygium aromaticum), Myrtaceae
clove gillyflower, evergreen, up to 12 m, grown from seeds, air-layering, cloves are dried aromatic flower buds picked just before they open then dried, pungent flavour and aroma, antimicrobial, food preservative, high concentration of antioxidants, cuisine uses, in spice mixes to flavour meat and sweets, Indonesian kretek cigarettes contains phenolic compounds, mainly | Casuarictin | Eugeniin | Eugenol | Caryophyllene | Eugenol acetate | Gallic acid | Tellimagrandin | Vanillin | traditional herbal medicine, digestion disorders, coughs, sinuses,excesive gas bloating, topical application for rheumatism and inflammation, attractive ornamental, Madagascar, originally from Maluku Islands, Indonesia, Myrtaceae
Dried herb sold as clove flower bud whole.
See diagram: Syzygium aromaticum.
Clove oil, oil of cloves, essential oil, (C7H12ClN3O2), 205.642 g/mol, from flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum trees which contains about 85% | Eugenol | has both analgesic and antiseptic properties, numbs nerve endings, in mouth washes, used to treat tooth and gum pain.

Abronia species, Nyctaginaceae
Sweet Sand-verbena, (Abronia fragrans), Vanilla fragrant upright sprawling perennial, showy blooms, groundcover in rock gardens, Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia species, Nyctaginaceae
Punarnava, (Boerhavia diffusa), Nyctaginaceae