School Science Lessons
(UNBiolN3L
2024-11-13
Genus names, L, (Laburnam to Lythrum)
Please send comments to: j.elfick@uq.edu.au
Contents
Lablab bean, (Lablab purpureus), hyacinth bean, Indian bean, horse gram, most ‘red’ varieties are edible, young pods can be eaten as vegetables, leaves and flowers can be eaten raw or cooked, hard seed coat requires a long cooking time, herbal medicine, grown extensively in Australia as a cattle fodder crop and a fallow crop, Asia, Fabaceae
Lablab purpureus, Progressive Seeds
Laburnam, (Laburnam anagyroides), common laburnam, golden chain tree, common ornamental tree, sparsely branched deciduous tree, up to 9 m, trifoliate leaves, densely packed bright yellow flowers in hanging clusters in pendulous racemes, trifoliate leaves, flattened green pod containing kidney-shaped dark brow seeds that have a hard impermeable coat that delays germination, root nodules can fix atmospheric nitrogen, all parts are toxic to humans, native animals and livestock and can cause poisoning if ingested, can be spread in fodder and garden waste, mountains of central Europe, Fabaceae
Most garden specimens are a hybrid between L. anagyroides and L. alpinum.
Laburnam anagyroides, RHS
Atherton palm, (Laccospadix australasica), black palm, mountain mist palm, up to 8 m. but less as understory, slender, solitary or sometimes clustering stem that carries a small, upright crown of finely pinnate, dark green leaves, .above 800 m, north-eastern Queensland Australia, Arecaceae
Dwarf chicle muyo, (Lacmellea oblongata), chewing gum fruit, sweet milky sap, edible fruit pulp made into chewing gum, harvested from the wild, latex, South America, Apocynaceae
Lacmellea oblongata, Dwarf Chicle Muyo, Daleys Fruit Trees
Lettuce, (Lactuca sativa), salad lettuce, great wild lettuce | Lactucopicrin | herbal medicine, salad vegetable, Asteraceae
Prickly lettuce, (Lactuca serriola), compass plant, upper leaves twist upright, scarole | Lactucopicrin |
strange odour, weed of orchards and fields, herbal medicine, Asteraceae
Lactuca serriola, Survival and Self Sufficiency
Wild lettuce, (Lactuca virosa) | Lactucin | herbal medicine, "lettuce opium", tall lettuce, great lettuce, sedative, analgesic, painkiller, milky sap “lactucarium” was used as a painkiller, bitter herb used by the Jewish faithful in the Passover meal, Asteraceae
Oxygen weed, (Lagarosiphon major), curly water weed, aquatic herb, perennial, narrow perianth tube, submersed aquatic plant with branched brittle stems, up to 5 m long, can grow surface-reaching mats of up to 4m from bottom of water body, used as aquarium plant, waterweed, prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, inhabits still and slow-flowing clear water bodies, New Zealand, South Africa, Hydrocharitaceae
Bottle gourd, (Lagenaria siceraria), New Guinea bean, calabash gourd, trumpet gourd, long squash, calabash, climber, long melon, climber, immature fruit consumed as vegetables, like a round pumpkin with a very hard shell, used to make cups and dishes, food and water container, widespread, widely grown for food, Africa, Cucurbitaceae
Native crepe myrtle, (Lagerstroema archeriana), up to 7 m, open canopy with several trunks, showy clusters of pink-mauve flowers, garden plant, Australia, Lythraceae
Lagerstroemia archeriana, Daleys Fruit Trees
Crepe myrtle, (Lagerstroema indica), "queen of flowers", rose of India, jarool, ornamental tree, Lythraceae
Lagerstroema indica, Crepe myrtle, Daleys Fruit Trees
Giant crepe-myrtle, (Lagerstroema speciosa), Pride of India, deciduous tree, popular purple flowers, ornamental tree, invasive, Lythraceae
Hare's-tail grass, (Lagurus ovatus), bunny tails, erect annual, up to 30 cm, pale green to straw-coloured flowers, ornamental, environmental weed, Mediterranean region, Poaceae
Goldentop grass, (Lamarckia aurea), golden dog's-tail, lawn grass, feathery barley grass, annual, up to 45 cm, invasive, Mediterranean region, Poaceae.
Aluminium plant, (Lamiastrum galeobolon), yellow archangel, artillery plant, evergreen, low growing opposite leaves with toothed edges and covered with fine hairs, zygomorphic yellow flowers in axial clusters, long tubular flower has a prominent upper petal or “hood” and lower lip streaked red brown, inconspicuous brown nutlets contain numerous seeds, used as a ground cover, invasive, Europe, Lamiaceae
White deadnettle, (Lamium album), hedge plant, perennial, large white flowers, herbal medicine | Saponins | Tannins | Flavonoids | grows in disturbed areas, Europe, Asia, Lamiaceae
Lamium album, Southern Cross University
See diagram Lamium album.
Lamium species, deadnettles, have leaves like nettles and may look like nettles, but have no stinging hairs, so are like a "dead" nettle.
Medical use was as astringents, staunch wounds, tea with honey for chills and flower tops for cooked vegetables.
Yellow archangel, (Lamium galeobdolon), yellow deadnettle, aluminium plant, fast growing, invasive, leaves variegated with silver-grey markings, clusters of yellow flowers with hoods, (corolla lobe), unpleasant odour, ground cover, Europe, Lamiaceae
See diagram Lamium galeobdolon.
Spotted dead-nettle, (Lamium maculatum), spotted henbit, purple dragon, prostrate, herbaceous perennial, spotted soft hairy leaves, useful ground cover in shaded areas, invasive, Europe, Asia, Lamiaceae
See diagram Lamium maculatum.
Purple dead-nettle, (Lamium purpureum), red dead-nettle, purple archangel, ground cover under trees, purple-pink flowers, weed, not much cultivated
Germacrene, Europe, Lamiaceae
See diagram Lamium purpureum.
Ice plant, (Lampranthus carcineus), ice plant, pig face, succulent, beach side ground cover, Aizoaceae
Lampranthus, ABC
Asian bleeding heart, (Lamprocapnos spectabilis, Dicentra spectabilis) | Sanguinarine | Papaveraceae
One of the most attractive of the bleeding heart plants, genus Dicentra, spectacular perennial plants for a garden, North America, Papaveraceae
White rubber vine, (Landolphia comorensis), landolphia rubber tree, woody liane, (was source of wild rubber in the Congo), sour edible fruit like large orange, Africa, Apocynaceae
Langsat, (Lansium domesticum), duku, medium tree, evergreen, fruit medium, sweet, used fresh, from seeds, air layering, grafting, herbal medicine, Southeast Asia, Meliaceae.
Langsat Daleys Fruit Trees
Lantana, (Lantana camara), yellow sage, umbelanterna, big sage, wild sage, red sage, white sage, tickberry, ornamental, natural mosquito repellent, entire plant poisonous, especially the berries to sheep and cattle, | Lantadene A, Lantadene B, C70H104O10 | herbal medicine, heavily branched shrub that can grow as compact clumps, dense thickets, and scrambling and climbing vines, can smother native vegetation and form impenetrable stands, prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Americas, Verbenaceae
Chilean bellflower, (Lapageria rosea), copihue, national flower of Chile, evergreen, climber, red, pink, white bell-shaped flowers, Philesiaceae.
West Indian nettle, (Laportea aestuans), leaves contain irritating calcium oxalate crystals, Urticaceae
European stickseed, (Lappula squarrosa), bur forget-me-not, annual herb, up to 1 m, bad smell, prickle fruit, noxious weed, Europe, Asia, North America, Africa, Boraginaceae
Common nipplewort, (Lapsana communis), yellow flowers, widespread, Europe, North America, Asteraceae
Larix, species, Pinaceae.
Chaparral, (Larrea tridentata), creosote bush, greasewood, herbal remedy | nordihydroguaiaretic acid antioxidant | Zygophyllaceae
Dried herb sold as leaf and twig stems.
Dried herb sold as leaf-powder.
Larch, Larix species, Family Pinaceae, Pinophyta Division
Cocoonhead, (Lasiospermum bipinnatum), perennial daisy, widely planted, poisonous to cattle, South Africa, Asteraceae
Blue latan palm, (Latania ioddigesii), ornamental, Mauritius, Arecaceae
Red pea, (Lathyrus cicera), red vetchling, flatpod peavine | Homoarginine | Fabaceae
Perennial pea, (Lathyrus latifolius), perennial peavine, , everlasting pea | Amino-oxalylaminobutryic acid | Diaminobutryic acid | Oxalylhomoserine | Fabaceae.
Lathyrus species, peavines, vetchlings, grass pea, singletary pea, ornamental, leafy green stipules, entire plant poisonous, especially seeds, | Amino-oxalylaminopropionic acid | Bornesitol | > | Homoarginine | Hydroxyhomoarginine | Lathyrine | Medicarpin | Variabilin | Fabaceae.
Sweet pea, (Lathyrus odoratus), annual climbing plant with winged stems, highly fragrant colourful flowers, leaves with lightly hairy paired leaflets, hairy pods with black seeds, stinging hairs, accidental ingestion not poisonous, eating large quantities of seed causes paralysis, | Lathodoratin | widely cultivated, Fabaceae
Indian pea, (Lathyrus sativus), grass pea, blue sweet pea, chickling vetch, white vetch, khesari dal, grain legume | Agmatin | Cadaverine | Homoarginine |
| 0-Oxalylhomoserine | Amino-oxalylaminopropionic acid | neurotoxin in seeds, East Africa, Asia, Fabaceae
Flat pea, (Lathyrus sylvestris), narrow-leaved everlasting-pea | Diaminobutyric acid | Fabaceae
Bay tree, (Laurus nobilis), Grecian laurel, sweet bay, bay laurel, laurel, Roman laurel, noble laurel, perennial, hardy plant, topiary sculpture pot plant, up to 4-6 metres, slow growing, evergreen tree, pot plant grown from root cuttings or seeds, dioecious, needs rich moist soil and part shade to full sun, blooms in mid to late spring, can grow as tub specimen, dark green aromatic leaves deter cockroaches and weevils, culinary uses, meat and vegetable dishes, marinades, poached fish, marinades, single leaf in milk puddings sauces, stews, custards, aromatic leaves in "bouquet garni" | Cineole | Eugenol | Linalool | Methyl eugenol | Pinene | + other, Terpenes, herbal medicine. but external use only, bay essential oil as rubbing oil for rheumatic complaints, sprains, colds, influenza, (formerly a symbol of victory and success in ancient Greek and Roman culture so "crowned with bays"), (in Bible only in three epistles of New Testament), (origin of "poet laureate", "baccalaureate"), Mediterranean region, Lauraceae
Dried herb is sold as bay leaf.
Bay oil contains: Cineole, Pinene, Linalool.
Bay Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Bay Tree, Daleys Fruit Trees
Lavender, (Lavandula angustifolia), (the most common lavender), true lavender, garden lavender, English lavender, perennial, spikes of purple flowers, lanceolate aromatic leaves, very hardy plant, up to 80 cm, monoterpene, perillyl alcohol, culinary uses, garnish, in sauces and sweets, dried blossoms for aroma, used for scent for bath water and sheets, astringent to dry oily skin token of affection, insect repellent, dog inhibitor, air freshener, in soap and candles, garnish, used as aromatherapy or by mouth may increase the amount of drowsiness caused by some drugs, e.g. antidepressants and alcohol, a-terpinol
| Cineole | Geranyl acetate | Lavandulyl acetate | Linalool | Linalyl acetate | herbal medicine, pain relief, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, Mediterranean region, China, Lamiaceae
This species is used to make lavender oil, oil of lavender, but other Lavendula hybrids, e.g. Dutch lavender, are cultivated for commercial production of a similar lavender oil.
See diagram:Lavender.
Dried lavender is sold as flowers.
Allardii lavender, (Lavandula 'Allardii'), Lamiaceae
Allardii Lavender, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Avonview lavender, (Lavandula 'AvonView'), Lamiaceae
Avonview Lavender, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Canary Island's lavender, (Lavandula canariensis, subsp. canariensis), Lamiaceae
Canary Islands Lavender, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
French lavender, (Lavandula dentata), strongly aromatic, ornamental, Lamiaceae
French Lavender, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
French lavender, (Lavandula pedunculata), (another "French lavender"!), Lamiaceae
Heterophylla lavender, (Lavandula heterophylla), Lamiaceae
Heterophylla Lavender, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Woolly lavender, (Lavandula lanata), silvery hairs on leaves, no scent, ornamental, Lamiaceae
Broad-leaved lavender, (Lavandula latifolia), spike lavender, Portuguese lavender, strongest scent lavender, Lamiaceae
Spanish lavender, (Lavandula stoechas), topped lavender, stoechas lavender, complex scent like Indian chutney, (noxious weed in Victoria, Australia), ornamental, used in air fresheners, herbal medicine, Mediterranean, Lamiaceae
Spanish lavender, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Linda Lingon lavender, (Lavandula dentata 'Linda Ligon'), broadleaf evergreen shrub. with blue, variegated and white foliage, attracts bees, Lamiaceae
Linda Lingon Lavender, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
Henna, (Lawsonia inermis), Egyptian privet, Cypress shrub, mignonette tree, perennial, up to 2-3 metres, hedge plant, leaves as orange dye for hair and skin artistry, anti-microbial, herbal medicine, astringent bark, | Naphtha quinone: Lawsone, | Natural orange, (C10H6O3) |, North Africa, Lythraceae
Henna Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as leaf.
Laxative tea, a blend of herbs to help relieve constipation.
Cascara tea, laxative, has tonic effect on the liver and digestion.
Dandelion tea, stimulates liver function, bitter tonic, improves digestion.
Fennel tea, reduces flatulence, inflammation and relaxes spasms.
Marshmallow tea, soothes inflammation in the digestive tract, modifies bowel flora.
Peppermint tea, reduces flatulence, improves digestion and relaxes spasms.
Yellow dock tea, laxative, stimulates the liver and gall bladder.
Laxative Herb Tea, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Duckweed, (Lemna minor), common duckweed, lesser duckweed, tiny floating freshwater aquatic plants, spreads rapidly during short lifespan, smallest flowering plant, 1 to 4 oval leaves 2 mm long and each with a single aquatic root 1–2 cm long, reproduces vegetatively, sticky secretion attracts pollinating insects, spreading invasive but can be used to reduce phosphorus and nitrogen in agriculture runoff, Araceae
Piacabeira, (Leopoldinia piassaba), up to 9 m, loose pendulous leaves used for thatch, wrinkled globose fruits used to make alcoholic beverage, elongate pendulous leaf sheath fibers used to make brown piassaba fibre for ropes and brooms, Rio Negro basin Upper Amazon Brazil, Arecaceae.
Silver weeping tea tree, (Leptospermum brachyandrum), large shrub, up to 5 m, garden plant, distinctive outer bark after moulting, silver foliage, white flowers, Australia, Myrtaceae
Leptospermum species, small shrubs, weeping habit, 80 cm to 2 m, showy pink or white flowers, grow in moist well-drained soils, in full sun or light shade, in rockeries or over retaining walls, Myrtaceae.
Leptospermum species Daly's Fruit Trees.
'Cardwell' Tea tree, (Leptospermum cardwell), weeping aromatic evergreen foliage, white flowers, used as a hedge, Australia, Myrtaceae
Leptospermum cardwell Daly's Fruit Trees, Myrtaceae
Tea tree Cardwell, (Leptospermum flavescens 'Cardwell' cultivar), up to 2m, flowers profusely, weeping habit, used for tea and fragrant oils, garden plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Leptospermum 'Cardwell' (cultivar), Australian Plants Society
Prickly tea-tree, (Leptospermum juniperinum), broom-like shrub, up to 3 m, coastal swamps, useful in poorly-drained areas, Australia, Myrtaceae
Coastal tea tree, (Leptospermum laevigatum), lemon-scented tea tree, ornamental tree, Myrtaceae.
Lemone tea tree, (Leptospermum liversidgei), olive tea tree, swamp plant, shrub, up to 4 m, wet coastal heath, leaves with lemon smell, solitary pink/white flowers, woody capsule | Citral | ornamental, eastern Australia, Myrtaceae
Two chemotypes: 1. Citral chemotype, 'lemon tea tree' used to flavour teas and food products, Australian native food, 2. Citronellal chemotype, used as a mosquito repellent.
Leptospermum liversidgei, 'Tea Tree - Mozzie Blocker' Daleys Fruit Trees
Weeping tea tree, (Leptospermum madidum), up to 10 m, lemon-scented foliage, garden plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Tea tree, (Leptospermum petersonii), lemon-scented tea tree, "common tea tree", very hardy plant, bushy rounded shrub, strongly lemon-scented simple leaves, up to 5 m, weeping habit, masses of small white flowers and lemon-scented leaves, bronze new growth, woody capsules, screen plant, lemony essential oil, distilled commercially | Citronellal | Citral | Pinene | inhibits pathological fungi, flavour in tea blends, hedge or windbreak ornamental, widely grown in plantations in Kenya, Zaire, South Africa, Guatemala, Australia, Myrtaceae
Leptospermum species, called tea trees, small shrubs, weeping habit, 80 cm to 2 m, showy pink or white flowers, grow in moist well-drained soils, in full sun or light shade, in rockeries or over retaining walls, Myrtaceae
The species (Leptospermum petersonii), is called the "common tea tree", but species of genus Camellia, Melaleuca, Kunzea, Leptospermum, Taxandria, and Lycium may be called "tea tree".)
Jelly bush, (Leptospermum polygalifolium), tantoon, yellow tea tree, large shrub, up to 3 m, grows along watercourses, leaves slightly aromatic, white-pink flowers, ornamental garden plant, Australia, Myrtaceae
Jelly bush, Daly's Fruit Trees.
New Zealand tea tree, (Leptospermum scoparium), manuka tea tree, tree-like shrub, up to 2 m, variable leaves, tiny white flowers, grown from seed or cuttings, highly ornamental, used for for heavy shade or hedge or screen, seeds collected by Captain Cook in the "Endeavour", New Zealand, Myrtaceae.
Leptospermum scoparium 'Burgandy Queen' Daly's Fruit Trees.
Manuka Tea Tree, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Leptospermum scoparium, Manuka, Southern Harvest
Leptospermum scoparium 'Burgandy Queen' Daly's Fruit Trees.
Leptospermum 'Pink Cascade', (Leptospermum scoparium x polygalifolium), Australia, Myrtaceae
:L. scoparium x polygalifolium, Leptospermum 'Pink Cascade', Daly's Fruit Trees.
Cushion bush, (Leucophyta brownii), silver wire bush, up to 1.2 m, unmistakable silver foliage, silver, button-like rounded flower heads then small pale yellow flowers, poisonous for pets, can tolerate salty air and dry conditions, slow growing, unusual garden plant, Australia, Asteraceae.
Lance beard heath, (Leucopogon affinis), beard heath, erect evergreen bushy shrub, up to 3 m, lance-shaped leaves, perfumed white bearded flowers in spikes, Australia,
Epacridaceae
Nodding pincushion, (Leucospermum cordifolium), densely flowering garden plant, South Africa, Proteaceae.
Cupressocyparis leylandii, Leyland cypress, Cupressaceae.
Gayfeather, (Liatris spicata), marsh blazing star, button snakeroot, clump-forming perennial, up to 2 m, grows in moist areas. tall spikes of flowers bloom from the top down, grass-like foliage, corms with shallow fibrous roots, used medicinally by Native Americans as an analgesic, still used for a sore throat by gargling an infusion, popular garden ornamental, eastern United States, Asteraceae.
Sunsapote, (Licania platypu), large tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit large, oval, orange, fibrous, sweet flesh, large seed, used fresh, grown from seeds, Central America.
Fan palm, (Licuala ramsayi), , north-eastern Australia, Arecaceae.
Japanese privet, (Ligustrum japonicum), wax-leaf privet, leaves and berries poisonous, Oleaceae
Korean privet, (Ligustrum ovalifolium), gardenn privet, California privet, widely cultivated garden hedge, Oleaceae
Privet, (Ligustrum vulgare), common privet, wild privet, European privet, common hedge plant, leaf upper and lower surface covered by epidermis and cuticle | Cinchonidine | small black poisonous berries, invasive, Oleaceae
Ligustrum species are called privet.
Douglas' meadowfoam, (Limnanthes douglasii), white flowers with yellow centres, the so called "poached egg plant", grows in wet grassy habitat, in poorly drained clay soils, popular ornamental plant, California, Limnanthaceae.
Limonia acidissima, wood apple, elephant apple, monkey fruit, curd fruit, Rutaceae.
Limonium vulgare, Mediterranean sea lavender, salt marsh plant, Europe, Plumbaginaceae.
Walking stick palm, (Linospadix monostachya), small palm in rainforest understorey, Australian native food, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae.
Linospadix monostachya, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Lipidium sativum, garden cress, pepper grass, Brassicaceae.
Lippia citriodora, lemon verbena, garden herb, Verbenaceae.
Lippia micromeria, Spanish thyme, false thyme, (South American substitute for thyme), Verbenaceae.
Tulip tree, (Liriodendron tulipifera), American tulip tree,, large stately tree, showy flowers, rectangular pits, vascular rays, North America, Magnoliaceae
Litchi, (Litchi chinensis), lychee, fruit eaten fresh and canned, southern China, Sapindaceae
Lychee, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery 1.
Lychee, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery 2.
Pebble plant, (Lithops bella), living stone, prostrate succulents, pairs of fused swollen leaves become small clumps, (houseplant) Southern Africa, Aizoaceae
Lithops bella, Australian Desert Blooms
Purple gromwell, (Lithospermum erythrorhizon), zicao, red-root gromwell, dye, shikonin, dried root, Chinese medicine, Japan, Boraginaceae.
Brown bolly gum, (Litsea australis), rainforest tree, elliptical leaves have green underside with brown hairs, prominent leaf venation, tiny green or cream colour flowers, male and female flowers grow on separate trees. fruit is a black drupe, Australia, Lauraceae
Litsea australis, Brown Bolly gum Daleys Fruit Trees
May chang, (Litsea cubeba), aromatic litsea, mountain pepper, evergreen tree, up to 12 m, exotic verbena, tropical verbena, magao spice, lemony essential oil extracted from fuit | Citral | herbal medicine, timber used for furniture, South Chinaa, Lauraceae.
Soft bollygum, (Litsea glutinosa), pond spice, up to 15 m, rainforest tree India, South China, Australia, Lauraceae
Bollywood, (Litsea reticulata), bollygum, up to 40 m, common Australian timber tree, in rainforests, sheds round scales of bark called "bollies", Australia, Lauraceae
Liverworts, Phylum Hepatophyta.
Millstream palm, (Livistona alfredii), millstream fan-palm, up to 10 m, cream flowers, Western Australia, Arecaceae
Cabbage palm, (Livistona australis), cabbage tree palm, Australian fan palm, single stem up to 30 m, grows in rainforest margins,
native Australian "cabbage" food, Australia, Arecaceae
Livistona australis, Palmpedia
Bentham's cabbage palm, Livistona benthami), up to 18 m, dioecious, subtropical cultivation, northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
Chinese fan palm, (Livistona chinensis), fountain palm, tall solitary rainforest palm, large crown up to 2 m long, creamy-white flowers, blue-green fruit, beautiful cascading appearance, most widely grown Livistona species, indoor plant or landscape plant, feature tree. southern China, Japan, Arecaceae.
Ribbon fan palm, (Livistona decipiens), weeping cabbage palm, up to 20 m, ribbon-like foliage, grown world-wide in arid and subtropical regions, Australia, Arecaceae
Weeping cabbage palm, (Livistona decora), Australia, Arecaceae
Halifax fan palm, (Livistona drudei), up to 28 m, solitary trunk, Australia, Arecaceae
Blackdown fan palm, (Livistona fulva), Australia, Arecaceae
Cape River fan palm, (Livistona lanuginosa), solitary trunk, up to 20 m tall, trunk broadens towards the base, corky trunk surface, globular or umbrella-shaped crown, g single funnel-shaped flowers, large spherical brown fruit, Australia, Arecaceae
Central Australian cabbage palm, (Livistona mariae), red leaf palm, young plants of palm from Central Australia have brilliant red leaves, Australia, Arecaceae
Carnarvon fan palm, (Livistona nitida), Dawson fan palm, Australia, Arecaceae
Cob cactus, (Lobivia densispina), densely thorned, short-cylindrical body, low growing cactus, colourful flowers, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Sunset cactus, (Lobivia famatimensis), cylindrical body, yellow thorns, (houseplant), Cactaceae
Double coconut palm, (Lodoicea maldivica), coco-de-mer, sea coconut, Maldive coconut, kelapa laut, largest single-seeded fruit, protected, widely grown in botanical gardens, Seychelles, Arecaceae.
Perennial rye grass, (Lolium perenne), highly nutritious perennial pasture grass, endophyte fungus in the plant my produce toxins and cause ryegrass staggers, Poaceae
Darnel weed, (Lolium temulentum), cockle, "false wheat", weed of wheat, (See Bible Matthew 1330), poisonous alkaloids, Poaceae.
Peyote cactus, (Lophophora williamsii), mescal buttons, herbal medicine, illegal hallucinogenic drug | Mescaline, alkaloid | Aztec "sacred mushroom", Cactaceae
Pink box tree, (Lophostemon confertus), scrub box tree, timber tree, Australia, Myrtaceae.
Loropetalum chinense, fringe flower, shrub, hedge plant, pink flowers, China, Hamamelidaceae.
Lotononis bainesii, lotononis, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae.
Lotus corniculatus, trefoil, bird's foot trefoil, asparagus pea, winged pea, vegetable, cyangenetic stock poison, weed, Fabaceae.
Lotus japonica, lotus, Fabaceae.
Lotus pedunculatus, greater lotus, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae.
Luffa aegyptiaceae. luffa, loofah, fibrous fruit, bathroom "sponge", Cucurbitaceae.
Lupinus arboreus, yellow bush lupine, tree lupine, California, invasive, ornamental, Fabaceae.
Lupinus polyphyllus, garden lupine, large-leaved lupine, herbal medicine, ornamental, hemicellulose cell wall thickening, aleurone grains, cytoplasm, chief carbohydrate reserve is the polysaccharide hemicellulose, cotyledons, lupinine, North America, Fabaceae.
Lycopodiophyta, Clubmoss, family Lycopodiaceae.
Lycoris radiata, red spider lily, hurrican lily | Galanthamine | poisonous bulbs used for pest control, associated with death legends, China, Amaryllidaceae.
Lycoris radiata, spider lily, red spider lily, hurricane flower | Galanthamine | Amaryllidaceae.
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Paradise nut, (Lecythis ollaria), sapucaia nut, zabucajo, monkey pod, coco de mono, large tree, woody, pot-like fruit that monkeys can reach into, nuts accumulate Selenium so can be toxic, Brazil, Brazil nut family, Lecythidaceae
Cream nut, (Lecythis pisonis), monkey pot, sapucaia nut, up to 40 m, harvested from the wild, heavy duty timber, food, medicines, ornamental, Brasil, Lecythidaceae
Bandicoot berry, (Leea novoguineensis), large hardy garden shrub, very fast growing, pioneer species, dark green foliage, showy red to black fruits, cultivated garden plant, used for screening and hedging, Australia, Pacific Islands, Vitaceae
Bandicoot berry, Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
Lentil, (Lens esculenta), masoor dal, annual, up to 40 cm, split lentils called daal, vegetable, Fabaceae
Lens culinaris, lentil, masoor dal, vegetable, Fabaceae.
A lentil is called a pulse, because it is a legume with edible seeds, used as a dry grain.
Lens esculenta, Pulse, Australia
Velvet myrtle, (Lenwebbia prominens), southern velvet myrtle, up to 9 m, small white flowers, black berries, sub-tropical rainforest, in the seasonally dry tropical biome, Australia, Myrtaceae
Edelweiss, (Leontopodium alpinum), short-lived perennial, silvery green leaves, woolly white flowers, found near rock outcrops, extensive roots system, needs cool summers, favourite plant of the Swiss alps, Asteraceae.
From ”The Sound of Music” lyrics: "Edelweiss, Edelweiss, Every morning you greet me, Small and White, Clean and bright, You look happy to meet me".
Leontopodium alpinum, The Seed Vine
Lion's tail, (Leonotis leonurus), ornamental, herbal medicine, South Africa, Lamiaceae
Lion's Tail - White, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Lion's Tail - Orange Flower, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Lion's ear, (Leonotis nepetifolia), klip dagga, Christmas candlestick, perennial, up to 3 metres, hardy plant, bright orange flowers keep their colour, attractive seed capsules for dried flower arrangement, herbal medicine, African folk remedy, used by African Hottentots for its mild psycho-active properties, Lamiaceae
Motherwort, (Leonurus cardiaca), common motherwort, lion's ear, throw-wort, herbaceous, perennial, up to 1 metre, attracts bees, hardy plant, herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, laxative, diuretic, aids digestion, period pain, sedative, heart palpitations, but need medical supervision, Lamiaceae
Motherwort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage
Siberian motherwort, (Leonurus sibiricus), honeyweed, chivirico, to 2 m, attracts bees, late season honey plant used in folk magic, contains many alkaloids, China, Siberia, Lamiaceae
Fine-leaved tuckeroo, (Lepiderima pulchella), small tree, up to 15 m, yellow-orange flowers, dark brown seeds, edges of rainforest, Australia, Sapindaceae
Lepiderima pulchella, Fine-leaved tuckeroo, Daleys Fruit Trees
Hairy lepiderema, (Lepiderima hirsuta), stem enclosed in brown erect hairs, brown flowers and fruit, understory plant, Australia, Sapindaceae
Maca, (Lepidium mayenii), Peruvian ginseng, herbaceous biennial, fleshy hypocotyl, like a parsnip, root vegetable, flour, sweet nutty taste and can be added to smoothies, cereals and desserts, contains amino acids, vitamins, minerals, sterols, fatty acids, and glucosinate, herbal medicine, can assisting the body to improve fertility and sexual function, digestion, energy and stress response, may alleviate chronic fatigue, reduce stress and anxiety, anti-stress "adaptogen", South America, Brassicaceae.
Dried herb is sold as root powder, Maca Powder, Lepidium meyenii.
Lepidium species are called peppercresses.
Perennial peppercress, (Lepidium latifolium), broad-leaved pepperweed, dittander, pepperwort, (not "watercress"!), stoloniferous erect perennial herb, up to 130 cm, basal leaves ovate, silicula, weed of disturbed soil near settlement, Europe, North Africa, western Asia, Brassicaceae.
Pepperweed, (Lepidium densifolium), prairie peppergrass, peppercress, dittany, whitetop, damp coastal soils, Carvacrol, herbal medicine, was used to treat leprosy, hot condiment like horseradish, southern Europe, Mediterranean region, Asia, North America, Brassicaceae.
Cook's scurvy grass, (Lepidium oleraceum), (near extinct), coastal plant, young leaves edible raw or cooked, hot taste like cress, source of vitamin C, New Zealand, Brassicaceae.
Garden cress, (Lepidium savitum), cress, curly cress garden pepper cress, pepperwort, pepper grass, poor man's pepper, pepper-like flavour and aroma, up to 60 cm, small white-pink flowers, eaten as sprouts and as fresh or dried seed pods, used in "mustard and cress" sandwich, used in Ayurvedic medicine, vitamins A, C and K, antihypertensive, diuretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antirheumatic, hypoglycemic, laxative, prokinetic, antidiarrheal, antispasmodic
| ImidazoleImidazole
| Lepidine | Semilepidinoside
| β-carotenes | Ascorbic acid
| Linoleic acid | Oleic acid
| Palmitic acid | Stearic acid
| Sinapic Acid | Sinapine | commercially grown in Europe, Brassicaceae.
Inca gold, (Leucadendron laureolum,) cultivars, safari magic, summer sun, devil's bush, Proteaceae
Leucaena, (Leucaena leucocephala), tree lucerne, white lead tree, ipil-ipil, shrub, up to 10 m, twice-compound leaves with branchlets each with many pairs of small leaflets, white-yellow flowers in dense rounded clusters, elongated and flattened pods turn brown as they mature, invasive environmental weed in Australia, used for fencing and tropical livestock, herbal medicine, Mexico, Central America, Fabaceae
Shasta daisy, (Leucanthemum x superbum), garden plant, possibly unpleasant odour, Asteraceae
In the song: "Does she love me? Yes I know.
For the petals of the daisy, told me so."
The daisy, (from "day's eye", because its flower opens and closes every day), may be any species of family Asteraceae, formerly Compositae.
The daisy flower is really a composite flower head, called a capitulum, composed of bell-shaped disk florets, which form the centre of each head, and strap-shaped ray florets extend out like petals.
Each petal is actually an usually white, strap-shaped ray floret.
We can count the number "petals" for each daisy, e.g. buttercup 5, delphiniums 8, iris 3, Shasta daisy 21, black-eyed Susan 13, ox-eye daisy 15 to 40.
The Japanese honor The Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum depicts 14 or 16 or 17 chrysanthemum petals in different heraldic crests.
Use the ox-eye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare, to pluck the petals while intoning 'she love me' or 'she loves me not' for every secong petal plucked.
The last petal plucked represents the truth between the object of your affection loving you or not..
If you use a buttercup with 5 petals: | she loves me | she loves me not | she loves me | she loves me not | she loves me |, the conclusion is "She love me".
But of you try it with a delphinium with 8 petals, the conclusion is "She love me not".
So we must change change the song to: "Does she love me? Yes I know..
For the odd-numbered petals of the daisy, told me so...
Thumba, (Leucas aspera), dronapushpa, herbal medicine, India, Lamiaceae
Cushion bush, (Leucophyta brownii), (has silvery appearance), Australia, Asteraceae
Lance beard-heath, (Leucopogon affinis), erect shrub, up to 3 m, small white flowers, orange-red fruit, in open forests, Australia, Ericaceae
Leucopogon affinis, Plants of South Eastern New South Wales
Nodding pincushion, (Leucospermum cordifolium), densely flowering garden plant, South Africa, Proteaceae
Lovage, (Levisticum officinale), old English lovage, Italian lovage, Maggi plant, smellage, Cornish lovage, Ligurian celery, perennial,
up to 60 cm, large lobed leaves, celery-like flavour, store in freezer, culinary uses, soups, stews, salads, savoury dishes, beef dishes, tomato sauces, green salads,
potato dishes, and salad dressings, with stems subtly flavoring salad bowls, an excellent salt substitute
| Phthalides lactone | Bergapten
| Carvacrol | Rosmarinic Acid
| Terpineol | herbal medicine, west Asia, Germany, Apiaceae
Lovage, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as root.
Scottish licorice-root, (Levisticum scoticum), Scots lovage | Myristicin | Apiaceae
Gay feather, (Liatris spicata), blazing star, button snakeroot, perennial, herbal medicine, North America, Asteraceae
Sunsapote, (Licania platypus), large tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit large, oval, orange, fibrous, sweet flesh, large seed, used fresh, grown from seeds, Central America.
9.208 Lichens
Ruffled fan palm, (Licuala grandis), licuala palm, solitary trunk up to 3 m, circular closely pleated leaves, distinct interesting features, rainforest plant, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Malaysia, Arecaceae
Licuala grandis, Ruffled fan palm, Daleys Fruit Trees
Australian fan palm, (Licuala ramsayi,), fan palm, 2 m diameter almost circular leaves, slow growing, rainforest, north-eastern Australia, Arecaceae
Mangrove fan palm, (Licuala spinosa), up to 3 m, many trunks, folk herbal medicine, Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Philippines, Arecaceae
Green leopard plant, (Ligularia tussilaginea), tsuwabuki, 'Giantea', giant leopard plant, tractor seat plant, Japan, Asteraceae
Madonna lily, (Lilium candidum), in the "true lily" family, possible origin of "Fleur de Lis" in heraldry, columns of King Solomon's temple, toxic to cats, flower stem to 1 m | Cinnamic acid | Lilaline | Greece, Mexico, Liliaceae
Tiger lily, (Lilium lancefolium), ornamental, Liliaceae
Easter lily, (Lilium longifolium), one of largest lilies, ornamental, Liliaceae
American turkscap lily, (Lilium superbum), marsh martagon, tall flowering stem, drooping orange flowers, petals resemble turbans, North America, Liliaceae
Liliaceae, lily family, "the true lily family".
9.3.5 Meiosis, Lilium
Douglas' meadowfoam, (Limnanthes douglasii), white flowers with yellow centres so called "poached egg plant", grows in wet grassy habitat, in poorly drained clay soils, popular ornamental plant, California, Limnanthaceae
Velvet leaf, (Limnocharis), anchored, aquatic, erect clump-forming herb, grows in saturated, fertile and muddy conditions, up to 1 m, pale green velvety leaves,
triangular stem, in Asia, hinders agricultural production by infesting irrigation channels, drainage ditches and rice, paddies, Limnocharitaceae
Rau om, (Limnophila aromatica), rice paddy herb, perennial, 10 cm, traditional Asian herb, grows in rice paddies,
grows sometimes completely submerged, used in Vietnam and Thailand cuisine, small leaves eaten raw and cooked in curries, leaves pleasantly aromatic with
lemon-like flavour, contains over fifty phytochemicals, mostly terpenoids, phenolics and flavonoids, e.g. | Ocimene | Camphor | Terpinolene,
used as an aquarium plant, Southeast Asia, Plantaginaceae
Rau Om, Limnophila aromatica, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Toadflax, (Linaria vulgaris), common toadflax, yellow toadflax, butter-and-eggs, flaxweed, common weed, ornamental, snapdragon type of flower which children can make "talk" by squeezing corolla base, herbal medicine, Scrophulariaceae
Purple toadflax, (Linaria purpurea), purple flowers, perennial, up to 70 cm, ornamental, herbal medicine, Italy, Scrophulariaceae
Spicebush, (Lindera benzoin), Benjamin bush, citrus-like aromatic leaves, dioecious, small yellow flowers, scarlet-yellow berries, leaves used for tea and allspice substitute, native American herbal medicine, North America, Lauraceae
(Other species are called "spicebush").
Aromatic litsea, (Lindera citriodora), may chang, mountain pepper, lemon-tasting essential oil, Citral, folk medicine, furniture timber, China, Southeast Asia, Lauraceae
Uyaku, (Lindera strychnifolia), evergreen shrub, up to 9 m, dioecious, semi-shade plant, Chamazulene, traditional herbal medicine, stomach and renal disorders, Lauraceae
Kuru-moji, (Lindera umbellata var. umbellata), up to 3 m, dioecious, China, Lauraceae
Evergreen lindera, (Lindera aggregata), Japanese evergreen spicebush, (Lindera root, radix lindera), wu yao, traditional Chinese medicine, treat abdominal pain, hernia, Tiantai Mountain, China, Lauraceae
Walking stick palm, (Linospadix monostachya), small palm in rainforest understory, Australian native food, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
Linospadix monostachya, Daleys Fruit Tree Nursery.
Flax, (Linum usitatissimum), common flax, linen flax, linseed, flaxseed, food / fibre crop make linen, seeds used to make linseed oil, mentioned in the Bible, herbal medicine, flaxseed oil contains omega-3 fatty acids reduces inflammation of bursitis, flaxseed oil is safe, but flax seeds may cause bowel obstruction so consume seeds with at least 250 mL water fibres with thick cellulose walls, only cultivated flax plants exist, the flax family, Linaceae
Dried herb is sold as brown whole seed linseed.
Bushy lippia, (Lippia alba), bushy matgrass | Piperitone | Americas, Verbenaceae
South American lippia, (Lippia citriodora), garden herb, | Citral
| Verbenone | Verbenaceae
Mexican oregano, (Lippia graveolens), rebrush lippia, perennial, high content of essential oil has oregano flavour
| Carvacrol | USA, Mexico, Verbenaceae
See diagram: Mexicano oregano.
Jamaican oregano, (Lippia micromeria), Spanish thyme, false thyme, (South American substitute for thyme), Verbenaceae
Lippia (in Australia): Lippia, (Phyla canescens), Verbenaceae
Formosum gum, (Liquidambar formosana), Taiwanese sweet gum, up to 30 m, longitudinal or grid-like cracked bark, Hong Kong, Hammamelidaceae
Oriental sweet gum, (Liquidambar orlentalis), Turkish sweet, gum, Levant styrax, Asiatic styrax, liquid storax, (origin of styrene, C6H5CH=CH2), Hammamelidaceae
American sweet gum, (Liquidambar styraciflua), American styrax, (American sycamore), red gum, deciduous, colour transformation
of the tree from green to red to yellow, in swamps, very dense foliage so used as shade tree, (produces medicinal liquid styrax resin, chewed like gum to freshen breath), North America, Hammamelidaceae
Liquidambar Styrac, Daleys Fruit Trees
Liverworts, Marchantiophyta Division
Cardinal flower, (Lobelia cardinalis), herbaceous perennial, up to 1.2 m, garden plant, entire plant potentially poisonous | Lobeline | Lobelamine | folk medicine, Americas, Campanulaceae.
Lobelia, Bunnings, Australia
Edging lobelia, (Lobelia erinus), trailing lobelia, deep blue flowers, window box ornamental, hanging baskets, South Africa, Campanulaceae
Indian tobacco, (Lobelia inflata), perennial, hardy plant, up to 40 cm, blue flowers | Lobelanidine | Lobelanine |
Lobeline | herbal medicine, poisonous, North America, India, Campanulaceae.
Dried herb is sold as aerials, (Practitioner only).
Sky blue obelia, (Lobelia quadrangularis), native oblelia, carpeting herb, up to 0.1 m, blue flowers, grows in wet situations, used in hanging baskets, Australia, Campanulaceae
Great blue lobelia, (Lobelia siphilitica), up to90 cm, great lobelia, bright blue flowers, ingestion discomfort, North America, Campanulaceae
Great Blue Lobelia, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, (Lobelia siphilitica), Campanulaceae.
Forest lobelia, (Lobelia trigonocaulis), trailing herb, mauve-blue flowers, rainforest margins, shade plant, Australia, Campanulaceae
Heath lobelia, (Lobelia urens), acrid lobelia, rough acidic pastures, showy 2-lipped flowers, rarity, Western Europe, Campanulaceae.
Sweet alyssum, (Lobularia maritima), alyssun, up to 30 cm. white flowers hardy annual, widely naturalized, Canary Islands, France, Brassicaceae
Rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), weed of grain crops, now resistant to postemergence herbicides, Australia, Poaceae
Spiny-head mat-rush, (Lomandra longifolia), basket grass, sagg, deep green glossy narrow strap leaves, up to 700 mm, small yellow-cream strongly-scented flowers, edible central leaves like fresh peas, nectar from steeped flowers used for sweet drink, seed eaten raw or ground to make flour, Ausralian native food, used to make baskets, Australia, Asparagaceae
Darnel weed, (Lolium temulentum), cockle, "false wheat", weed of wheat, (See Bible Matthew 1330), poisonous alkaloids, Poaceae
Mat-rush, (Lomandra confertifolia), hill-matrush, mountain mat-rush, clumping grass-loke perennial, dry sclerophyll forests, do not use in mass panting in humid areas, Australia. Asparagaceae
See diagram: Lomandra longifolia
Lomandra species, mat rush, deep green glossy narrow strap leaves, up to 700 mm, small yellow-cream flowers, grow in full sun to part shade, Asparagaceae.
River mat rush, (Lomandra hystrix), green mat-rush, creek mat-rush, mountain rainforest, used for revegetation, Australia, Asparagaceae
Lomandra hystrix, Mat rush, Daleys Fruit Trees
Broad-leaved mat-rush, (Lomandra laxa), delicate matrush, perennial tussock, marginal rainforest habitats, cream-white flowers, Australia, Asparagaceae
Many-flowered mat-rush, (Lomandra multiflora), perennial rhizomatous herb, dioecious, yellow flowers, Australia, Asparagaceae
Rainforest mat-rush, (Lomandra spicata), perennial tufted herb, rainforest lomandra, rainforest plant, Australia, Asparagaceae
Smooth lomatia, (Lomatia arborescens), tree lomatia, up to 10 m, showy fragrant creamy-yellow flowers, high altitudes near rainforests, Australia, Proteaceae
Black-leaved silky oak, (Lomatia fraxinifolia), lomatia silky oak, showy fragrant creamy-white flowers, rainforests, Australia, Proteaceae
Lomatia fraxinifolia, black-leaved silky oak, Daleys Fruit Trees
Crinkle bush, (Lomatia silaifolia), wild parsley, parsley fern, up to 2 m, white inflorescences, widespread in Australia, Proteaceae
Japanese honeysuckle, (Lonicera japonica), Chinese jin yin hua, perennial, rambler, hardy plant, aromatic flowers in perfumery, herbal medicine, Caprifoliaceae.
Lonicera species, honeysuckles, Coniferin, Secologanin, Caprifoliaceae
Black-berried honeysuckle, (Lonicera nigra), Cauloside, (C35H56O8), Oleanic acid 3-glucuronide, (C36H58O9), Caprifoliaceae.
Honeysuckle, (Lonicera periclymenum), common honeysuckle, European honeysuckle, woodbine, up to 7 metres evergreen, twining
climber, can be a huge plant, tubular, two-lipped, aromatic flowers in perfumery, herbal medicine, Southern Europe, Caprifoliaceae
Brush box, (Lophostemon confertus), pink box, scrub box, Queensland box, timber tree, up to 40 m, stem diameter up to 2 m, straight trunk, used in house framing and street planting. but woody fruit, decorative uses, Australia, Myrtaceae
Heliotropic movement of leaves is less commonly noticed or known.
Heliotropism evolves in response to highly specific environmental conditions, and factors affecting flowers can be different from those impacting leaves.
For leaves, it’s for maximising photosynthesis, avoiding over-heating on a hot day or even reducing water loss in harsh and arid conditions.
The leaves which track the sun, arrange their leaves so they are almost horizontal in the morning to capture the available sunlight.
Lophostemon confertus, Brush box, Daleys Fruit Trees
Mistletoe, (Loranthus europaeus), oak mistletoe, mulberry mistletoe, leafy parasite distributed by bird beaks, causes physiological disorders and decreased growth in oak trees, contains many bioactive compounds with a wide range of pharmacological effects, fruits extract showed significant anti-tumor properties against A549 cancer cells, ancient folk medicine, Loranthaceae
Chinese fringe flower, (Loropetalum chinense), loropetalum, strap flower, shrub, hedge plant, pink flowers, China, Hamamelidaceae
Lotononis, (Lotononis bainesii), warm season perennial, creeping and mat-forming legume for grazing. tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Bird's foot trefoil, (Lotus corniculatus), trefoil, asparagus pea, winged pea, vegetable, cyangenetic stock poison, weed, Fabaceae
Lotus pedunculatus, greater lotus, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae
Luffa, (Luffa aegyptiaca), loofa, vegetable sponge, young fruit vegetable, old dried fibrous fruit, used as a bathroom "sponge" to wash yourself, Cucurbitaceae.
Luffa aegyptiaca, Luffa
Honesty, (Lunaria annua), money plant, ornamental, dried flowers, seed pods look like silver coins so called "money plant", can see through disc-shaped diaphanous seed pods so indicating "honesty", Brassicaceae.
Big-leaved lupine, (Lupinus polyphyllus), garden lupine, large-leaved lupine, herbal medicine, ornamental, hemicellulose cell wall thickening, aleurone grains in cytoplasm, chief carbohydrate reserve is the polysaccharide hemicellulose, cotyledons | Lupinine C10H19NO a quinolizidine alkaloid | North America, Fabaceae
Some lupins, lupines, contain | Lupinine | Sparteine | and food labels may indicate presence of "lupin".
Lupinine is neurotoxic to grazing animals and lupin beans must be carefully prepared before ingestion by humans.
Yellow bush lupine, (Lupinus arboreus), tree lupine, California, invasive, ornamental, Fabaceae
Alpine catchflee, (Lychnis alpina). tufted perennial, erect stems, up to 15 cm in height, rose-purple flowers have aborted stamens, grows in mountainous stony land, tolerates high concentration of copper and nickel in the soil so was used by minerals prospectors, Northern Europe, Caryopyllaceae
Ragged robin, (Lychnis flos-cuculi), crow flower, campion, because sticky stem, Europe, Caryophyllaceae
Goji berry, (Lycium barbarum var. 'goji'), wolfberry, Solanaceae
Goji Berry, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as berries.
Lycium species are called boxthorns.
Lraal honey thorn, (Lycium afrum), shrub up to 4 m, forms thorny impenetrable barrier, rigid spines to 4.5 cm, invasive in Australian coastal habitats, South Africa, Solanaceae
Chinese goji berry, (Lycium chinense), wolfberry, goji berry, Chinese boxthorn | Safranal | Chinese folk medicine, respiratory disorders, Solanaceae
Chinese Goji Berry, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried goji berries are then cooked, Chinese wines, traditional Chinese medicine, medical value not clear, may interact with other medications, China, Solanaceae
Goji Berry Daleys Fruit Trees
African boxthorn, (Lycium ferocissium), spiny shrub, dense thicket armed with spines that can form an impenetrable barrier to domestic stock, Queensland restricted invasive plant, Solanaceae
Lycopodium species, Lycopodiaceae
Gypsywort, (Lycopus europaeus), bugleweed, water horehound, perennial, hardy plant, up to 80 cm, from seed, attractive serrated leaves, non-aromatic, use fresh or dried, herbal medicine, antibacterial, antiviral, astringent, sedative, tea from leaves for fevers and wash on sores, used for black dye for wool or linen, Europe, Lamiaceae
Gypsywort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Bugleweed, (Lycopus virginicus), virginia water horehound, square stems, mint smell, bitter taste, herbal medicine, nervous diseases, cough, North America, Lamiaceae
Galanthamine | poisonous bulbs used for pest control, associated with death legends, China, Amaryllidaceae
Moneywort, (Lysimachia nummularia 'aurea'), 'golden' moneywort, loose strife, herb twopence, yellow willow herb, creeping jenny,
perennial, bright yellow flowers, ornamental, ground cover, herbal medicine, wash, compress, ointment rashes, wounds, Primulaceae.
(Other genera are called "creeping jenny".)
Golden Moneywort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Northern bean tree, (Lysiphyllum carronii), red bauhinea, Queensland ebony, evergreen, up to 10 m, hard seedcoat, useful timber, nectar was a native Australian food, tropical sunny areas, Australia, Fabaceae
Hooker's bauhinia, (Lysiphyllum hookeri, up to 12 m, ornamental shade tree, grows along tropical watercourses, healing gum, useful timber, Australia, Fabaceae
Loosestrife, (Lythrum salicaria), purple loosestrife, herbaceous perennial, up to 2 m, many erect stems from woody origin, red-purple flowers, herbal medicine, safe astringent, diarrhoea, dysentery, Europe, loosestrife family, pomegranate family, Lythraceae