School Science Lessons
(UNBiolN3GH)
2024-10-25

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Genus names H, (Helianthus to Hyssopus)
Please send comments to: j.elfick@uq.edu.au
Contents
Sunflower, (Helianthus annuus), annual, grown from seed, hairy, up to 1-3 metres, strong stalk, alternate leaves, up to 10-30 cm long, heart-shaped, leaves on long stalks, solitary flower head 10-35 cm across, brown disc florets, single row of yellow rays, each flower in the axil of a bract, large usually white edible seeds, culinary uses, seeds 25% protein, minerals, vitamins D and E | Helianthoside, Niveusin | poisonous petals, seeds must be well-chewed, sunflower oil, herbaceous stem, stalks and leaves for animal feed or compost, cortex differentiated into outer cortex, collenchyma, middle cortex, and inner cortex, endodermis, inulin = D-fructose units, ornamental "children's plant", western North America, Asteraceae.

Jerusalem artichoke, (Helianthus tuberosus), Jerusalem sunflower, sunflower artichoke, sun root, sun choke, (Italian girasole articiocca, sunflower), perennial, up to 1-2 metres, hardy plant, deciduous, yellow flowers grown by tubers, culinary uses, low starch, tuber rich source vitamin, A, B, C and polysaccharide inulin, eaten raw is crisp and crunchy, or cooked, flavour egg dishes and teas, little used for food, may cause flatulence | Terpenes | give pleasant aroma | flavour similar to globe artichoke but does not look like an artichoke, herbal medicine, edible tubers contain inulin, (fructose polymer) instead of starch, grown from tubers, agricultural weed, ornamental, North America, Asteraceae
Helianthus tuberosus, Jerusalem Artichoke, Daly's Fruit Trees.
Logwood, (Haematoxylon campeachianum), haematoxylum, logwood, source of haematoxylin dye, Fabaceae

Bloodroot, (Haemodorum spicatum), clumping plant, up to 1 m, grass type leaves, dark purple-black flowers in terminal clusters at end of flower spike, Australian native folk medicine, Australia, Haemodoraceae
Haemodorum spicatum, Tucker Bush

Pincushion hakea, (Hakea laurina), leaf has very thick cuticle, T-shaped hairs, stomates, pits, woody fruit, widely cultivated, Southwest Australia, Proteaceae
Hakea laurina, Australian National Herbarium
Silver bell, (Halesia carolina), snowdrop tree, drooping clusters white bell-shaped flowers, North America, Styracaceae

Hammada elegance, (Haloxylon salicornicum), (Alkaloids: Halosaline, Anabasine, Hordenine, N-methyltyramine, Haloxine, Aldotripiperideine), Amaranthaceae

Witch hazel, (Hamamelis virginiana), common witch-hazel, wych hazel, spotted alder, perennial, deciduous, frost tolerant, yellow flowers, | Epigallocatechin gallate | Hamamelose | herbal medicine, astringent, extract from leaves and bark called "witch hazel", used to treat bruises, strains, skin problems, North America, Hamamelidaceae
Chinese witch hazel, (Hamamelis mollis), strongly scented flowers, ornamental, China, Hamamelidaceae
Japanese witch hazel, (Hamamelis japonica), ornamental, Japan, Hamamelidaceae
(H. mollis X H. Japonica), widespread ornamental garden hybrid, Hamamelidaceae
Hancornia speciosa, mangaba, medium tree, evergreen, fruit, medium, red, thin skin, sweet flesh, used fresh, propagation from seeds, Brazil, Apocynaceae
Haplocarpha cheilanthifolia, Africa, Asteraceae
Haplocarpha thunbergii, perennial herb, leaves in a basal rosette, Africa, Asteraceae

Native sarsaparilla, (Hardenbergia violacea), purple coral pea, Australian sarsaparilla, Australian lilac, "native sarsaparilla", false sarsaparilla, sarsaparilla vine, climber, up to 1.5 m, hardy, fast growing, evergreen, dark green leathery leaves, dark purple pea flowers, grow in sunny position in well-drained soil, to cover fences, trellises and pergolas or in containers, Australian native food, Fabaceae
Hardenbergia violacea, Australian Native Plants Society

Native wisteria, (Hardenbergia comptoniana), Australia, Fabaceae
Hardenbergia comptoniana, Native wisteria, Southern Harvest

Devil's claw, (Harpagophytum procumbrens), grapple plant | Harpagoside | traditional herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, may interfere with warfarin and other drugs, southern Africa, Pedaliaceae
Dried herb is sold as root, Harpagophytum procumbens, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.

Kaffir plum, (Harpephyllum caffrum), small tree, dioecious, evergreen, very ornamental branches brittle in heavy winds, flowers and fruits from summer to fall, fruit borne in clusters are red about 2 cm long, thin skin, with pleasantly sour flesh, large seed, propagation from seeds, fruit used fresh, jellies, jams, preserves, wine, bark used for pink dye, slow growing, but long lived tree, plant three trees for cross pollination, South Africa, Mozambique, Anacardiaceae
See diagram: Harpephyllum caffrum
Kaffir Plum, Daleys Fruit Trees

Cooktown tulipwood, (Harpullia arborea), Australia, Sapindaceae
Blunt-leaved tulip, (Harpullia hillii), blunt-leaved tulipwood, Australia, Sapindaceae

Tulipwood, (Harpullia pendula), hardy, fast growing evergreen tree, up to 10 m, pale green foliage, green-yellow slightly fragrant flowers, orange fruit, black seeds, grow in open sunny position in light to medium soil, shade tree, Brisbane City Council suggestion, Sapindaceae
See diagram: Harpullia pendula

Claudie tulipwood, (Harpullia ramiflora), Australia, Sapindaceae
Slender harpullia, (Harpullia rhyticarpa), Australia, Sapindaceae

Apple cactus, (Harrisia spp), prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Cactaceae

Haworthia attenuata, with pearly warts on both sides of leaves, (houseplant), Asphodelaceae
Haworthia fasciata, clump-forming succulent, finely-pointed leaves, with pearly "warts" on lower sides of leaves, (houseplant), Asphodelaceae

Suma, (Hebanthe erianthos), Brazilian ginseng, ground vine, extensive root system, used for folk medicine "para tudo" cure-all, aphrodisiac, general tonic | Saponins | Pfaffic acid | Beta-ecdysterone | Glycosides | Nortriterpenes | South America, Amaranthaceae
Dried herb sold as root powder.

North American pennyroyal, (Hedeoma pulegioides), squaw mint, stinking balm, tick weed, mosquito plant, USA, Lamiaceae

Ivy, (Hedera helix), English ivy, common ivy, poisonous berries and leaves | Scopolin | Falcarinol | beta-Hederin | Araliaceae
Canary Island ivy, (Hedera canariensis), self-clinging climber, slightly lobed leaves with white margins, (houseplant), Araliaceae

Spiked ginger lily, (Hedychium spicatum), perfume ginger, sanna, ekangi, perennial, up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in), green leaves, large orange and white flowers, rhizome contains | Labdane terpenes | Hedychinone | Polyphenols | Steroid sapogenin disogenin, (C27H42O3) | used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, may cause death of human colon carcinoma cells, China, Thailand, Zingiberaceae
Kahili ginger Hedychium gardnerianum, Queensland Government

Grey myrtle, (Heimia myrtifolia), deciduous shrub, up to 2 m, erect much-branched glabrous stems, linear willow­like leaves, yellow five-petals short-stalked flowers, very many tiny seeds, attractive ornamental plant, folk medicine, more than 12 alkaloids have been studied, possibly hallucinogenic, Brazil, Uruguay, Lythraceae

Shrubby yellowcrest. (Heimia salicifolia), sun opener, willow-leaf heimia, sinicuichi, larger flowers than above, has been used for shamanic purposes, Central America to Argentina, Lythraceae

Bitter weed, (Helenium amarum), annual herb, up to 60 cm tall, stems are smooth and branching, numerous smooth green-grey-blue leaves. flowers yellow, daisy-like, about 2cm in diameter, unnoticed when competing with other plants, prohibited invasive plant of Queensland, Asteraceae
Common sneezeweed, (Helenium autumnale L. var. autumnale), sneezewort, USA, Asteraceae

Curry plant, (Helichrysum italicum), immortelle, everlasting helichrysum, perennial, grows on dry, rocky or sandy ground from woody cuttings, small bush, stems woody at base up to 40 cm, silvery stems and narrow silver leaves smelling like curry, clusters of pale gold flowers retain colour after picking, in dried flower arrangements, fragrant, deters clothes moths, culinary uses, young shoots and leaves are stewed meat, fish or vegetable dishes, finely chopped in omelettes, steam-distilled fragrant essential oil, used to freshen cupboards, deter clothes moths, and in baths, herbal remedy, soothes damaged skin, Mediterranean region, Asteraceae
Curry Plant, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Everlasting flower, (Helichrysum bracteatum), golden everlasting strawflower, orange flowers, Asteraceae
Hottentot's tea, (Helichrysum nudifolium), perennial, pale yellow inflorescence, in grasslands, traditional uses, South Africa, Asteraceae

Straw flower ‘Golden Yellow’, (Helichrysum monstrosum), Australia, Asteraceae
Helichrysum monstrosum, Straw Flower, Southern Harvest
Silver everlasting flower, (Helichrysum petiolare), groundcover, traditional herbal remedy, South Africa, Asteraceae
Everlasting, (Helichrysum orientale), immortelle, coloured involucral bracts, widely cultivated, North Africa, Asteraceae

Austral oak, (Helicia australasica), creek silky oak, up to 20 m, decorative slender tree, dark green foliage, highly scented pendulous white to cream flowers along branchlets, shiny fleshy dark purple to black fruit, edible only when ripe, lives in shady sites, used for urban and rural planting, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Proteaceae

East Indian screw tree, (Helicteres isora) | Ricin | herbal medicine, brown fruits twisted like screws, India, Sterculiaceae

Heliotrope, (Heliotropium arborescens), cherry pie, turnsole, common heliotrope, Peruvian Heliotrope, garden heliotrope, perennial, up to 1 metre, woody shrub, leaves alternate, green, veined, terminal clusters of fragrant mauve / purple flowers, deep green and slightly ribbed foliage, sweet vanilla-scented, colour varies white to purple, poisonous seeds, vanilla-like fragrance, perfume ingredient, fast growing from cuttings, formerly a popular ornamental, commercial cultivars, slight vanilla scent, , flowers used in potpourri and soap, invasive in Australia, South America, Boraginaceae
Heliotropium aborescens, Heliotrope - Cherry Pie, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.
Heliotridine, Piperonal Supinidine, Peru, Boraginaceae.

European heliotrope, (Heliotropium europaeum), European turnsole, common heliotrope, annual, up to 40 cm, soft hairs on oval leaves, spike of white flowers, sap used for food colouring, weed of wheat crops, roadside weed, Pyrrolizidine, alkaloids, stock poison Heliotridine, Piperonal Supinidine, Lasiocarpine, Retronecine, Mediterranean region, Boraginaceae.

Heliotrope-Lord Roberts, (Heliotropium arborescens ‘Lord Roberts’), heliotrope, cherry pie, evergreen shrub with spreading growth habit, purple-tinted dark green wrinkled leaves, light violet / blue vanilla-fragrant flowers, Boraginaceae
Heliotropium aborescens 'Lord Roberts', Heliotrope-Lord Roberts, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.

Blue heliotrope (Heliotropium amplexicaule), environmental weed in Australia, Boraginaceae

Stinking hellebore, (Helleborus foetidus), dungwort, setterwort, bear's foot, all parts contain poisonous glycosides, Ranunculaceae

Christmas rose, (Helleborus niger), black hellebore, evergreen perennial, flowers look like roses, flowers in winter, poisonous root, garden plant, Europe, Ranunculaceae

Green hellebore, (Helleborus orientalis), Lenten rose, Greece, Turkey, Ranunculaceae

Bastard hellebore, (Helleborus viridis), former purgative, but causes vomiting, Ranunculaceae

Daylily, (Hemerocallis citrina), perennial, herbal medicine, antibacterial, culinary uses, yellow to purple flowers supposed to last for only one day, flower buds and young shoots eaten raw and cooked, Eurasia, Asphodelaceae
Daylily, 'Maleny Flirt'', Daleys Fruit Trees
Daylily, ''Heaven scent'', Daleys Fruit Trees

Orange day-lily, (Hemerocallis fulva), common daylily, tiger daylily, (not a lily Lilium), (flowers open for only one day), was widely grown as an ornamental, large orange flowers, edible young plants, folk medicine, invasive, spread by rhizomes, Asia, family was Hemerocallidaceae, now Asphodelaceae

Hepatophyta, Liverworts, Phylum Hepatophyta.

Grease nut, (Hernandia bivalvis), cudgerie, Australia, Hernandiaceae

Rupturewort, (Herniaria glabra), flat, mat-forming, groundcover | Herniarin | Caryophyllaceae.
Rupturewort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.

Sweet rocket, (Hesperis matronalis), double rocket, dame's rocket, evewood, fragrant ornamental vegetable, raw young leaves rich in vitamin C, used as a cress substitute in salads, with extra bitter flavour, to be picked before the plant flowers, seed contains an edible oil, Brassicaceae.
(Not rocket: Eruca vesicaria.)

Giant speargrass, (Heteropogon triticeus), bush sugar cane, up to 2 m, dark seeds, long twisted awn can drill seed into soil, stems sucked for juice, Australian native food, Poaceae
Heteropogon triticeus, NQDryTropics

Cagayan Sagisi palm, (Heterospathe cagayanensis), trunkless palm, Philippines, Arecaceae
Sagisi palm, (Heterospathe elata), slender tall palm, Philippines, Arecaceae

Rubber, (Hevea braziliensis), natural rubber, rubberwood, para rubber, hevea rubber, polyterpenes with linked isoprene units in milky latex sap, in nature, rubberwood is a large hardwood, in plantations, at the time of felling (usually 25 years) trees have a clear bole (trunk) more than 10m high and 25–45cm in diameter, occurs in tropical evergreen rainforests of Brazil, Bolivia, Euphorbiaceae
Climbing guinea flower, (Hibbertia scandens), snake vine, golden guinea vine, climber, up to 1.5 m, vigorous twiner, glossy dark green leaves, large golden yellow flowers, screening plant on walls or fences, well-drained soil, grow in full sun to partial shade in an open position, in tubs and containers, Brisbane City Council suggestion, Dilleniaceae

Guinea flower, (Hibbertia serpyllifolia), Australia, Dilleniaceae
Hairy guinea flower, (Hibbertia vestita), Australia, Dilleniaceae

Chinese hibiscus, (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), hibiscus, rose of China, hibiscus flower, rose mallow, shoe flower, Chinese rose, japa, showy flower, stamens on central column, widely cultivated ornamental, herbal medicine, (roots, leaves and flowers used to treat coughs, fevers, skin diseases, used as cardiotonic), China, Malvaceae
Hibiscus flower, Malvaceae
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Daleys Fruit Trees

Cranberry hibiscus, (Hibiscus acetosella), African rosemallow, ornamental gardens, used eat flowers and leaves fresh in colourful salads, leaves have taste of cranberries Malvaceae
Hibiscus Barambah Creek, Daleys Fruit Trees
Hibiscus acetosella, Daleys Fruit Trees

Deccan hemp, (Hibiscus cannabinus), Java jute, (kenaf fibre), fibres and edible oil, Malvaceae
Swamp hibiscus, (Hibiscus diversifolius), Australia, Malvaceae

Okra, (Hibiscus esculentus), gumbo, ladies' finger, vegetable, widely cultivated or its long mucilaginous green pods used as basis for soups and stews, useful fibre, Malvaceae

Native hibiscus, (Hibiscus heterophyllus), native rosella, up to 2 m, showy flowers, sold as Australian native food, Australia, Malvaceae
Hibiscus heterophyllus, Daleys Fruit Trees

Native pink hibiscus: Hibiscus geranioides, Daleys Fruit Trees

Phillip Island hibiscus, (Hibiscus insularis), Australia, Malvaceae

Confederate rose, (Hibiscus mutabilis), cotton rose, Dixie rosemallow, herbal medicine, Malvaceae

Roselle, (Hibiscus sabdariffa), rosella flower, rama, meshta, annual herbaceous shrub, fruit, red edible calyxes high in vitamin C, tart-sweet flavour, used in salads, jellies, red sauces, jams, cordials, syrups, fruit teas, wine, sold preserved whole in syrup, decorative flavouring additive, seeds roasted, ground into flour, cooked young leaves called red sorrel, herbal teas, bast fibres from stem, herbal medicine, West Africa, Egypt, Australia, Malvaceae
Hibiscus sabdariffa, Rosella plant, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Hibiscus sabdariffa, Daleys Fruit Trees
Hibiscus sabdariffa, Tucker Bush
See diagram: Roselle, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb, Hibiscus (Rosella) Tea, sold as crushed flowers, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.

Pink hibiscus, (Hibiscus spendens), splendid hibiscus, pink native hibiscus, spectacular pink flowers, Australia, Malvaceae

>Rose of Sharon, (Hibiscus syriacus), rose mallow, widely cultivated ornamental, national flower of South Korea, China, Korea, Malvaceae

Sea hibiscus, (Hibiscus tiliaceus), beach hibiscus, invasive weed, fibres in tapa cloth, tidal mangroves, herbal remedy, Australia, Malvaceae
Hibiscus species, Daleys Fruit Trees

North bopple nut, (Hicksbeachia pilosa), up to 8 m, multi-stemmed, ornamental, mauve-purple racemes, orange-scarlet fruit, Australia, Proteaceae
North Bopple Nut, Daleys Fruit Trees

Red bopple nut, (Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia), bopple nut, monkey nut, beef nut, rose nut, ivory silky rose, flower spikes purple-brown-cream, strong sickly sweet smell, red fleshy oval fruit 3-5 cm long, black edible seed in fruit does not fall away, not commercially cultivated like macadamia, ornamental tree, Australian native food.
It bears large strap leaves up to 60 cm long, growing straight like a palm.
Its fruit is bright red and 2 to 3 cm wide.
The seed encased in a bony shell is edible, though inferior to the macadamia nut.
The bright red rind is said to numb the mouth if bitten into, in the mistaken idea that it is a fruit, Proteaceae

Orange hawkweed, (Hieracium auranticum), grim the collier, fox and cubs, dense terminal cluster of up to 6 orange flowers, former herbal medicine, ornamental, France, Asteraceae

Mouse-ear hawkweed, (Hieracium pilosella), perennial, hardy plant, groundcover, yellow flowers, rosettes of leaves shaped like a mouse, covered with star-shaped branched hairs, leaves in salads, yellow flowers | Umbelliferone | former herbal medicine, astringent, antibiotic properties, ornamental, Europe, Asia, Asteraceae

Sweet grass, (Hierochloe odorata), incense grass, bison grass, holy grass, manna grass, Mary's grass, seneca grass, perennial, up to 50 cm, traditional ceremonial grass used in peace and healing rituals, leaves dried and braided, also made into smudge sticks, herbal medicine, in distilled beverages, e.g. Polish Zubrowka Vodka, Asia, North America, Poaceae
Sweet Grass, Hierochloe odorata, Mudbrick Herb Cottage

Barbados lily, (Hippeastrum puniceum), Easter lily, cacao lily, (not a true lily, Lilium sp.), clump of strap-like leaves up to 60 cm from the base of the plant, showy red/crimson to pink/orange flowers at the end of thick hollow stems, fruit are three-valved capsules containing flattened black seeds, globose poisonous bulbs, may cause nausea vomiting and diarrhoea, sap may cause skin irritation | Ambelline | Lycorine | local medicine, parent of many ornamental hybrids, Tropical America, Amaryllidaceae

Stripe-leaf amaryllis, (Hippeastrum reticulatum var. striatifolium), self fertile. but pollen released before stigma is receptive, single white stripe running the length of the mid-rib, in Cairns Botanic Garden, Brazil, Amaryllidaceae

Barbados lily, (Hippeastrum vittatum), showy scarlet to pink to white flowers, poisonous bulbs, common ornamental bulb, | Ambelline, Candimine, Galanthamine, Hippeastrine | Amaryllidaceae

Christmas amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybrids), "wrongly called Amaryllis" huge trumpet-shaped flowers, Amaryllidaceae
Chinese Arborvitae, Hippocastanaceae, horse chestnut family

Sea buckthorn, (Hippophae rhamnoides), sea berry, occurs mostly coastal Europe, medicine, [contain antioxidants], Elaeagnaceae

Sayer's silky oak, (Hollandia sayeriana), understory attractive rainforest tree, racemesof pink or purple flowers, Australia, Proteaceae

Bleeding heart, (Homalanthus populifolius), native poplar, Queensland poplar, distinctive red heart-shaped leaf, rainforest pioneer species, Australia, Euphorbiaceae

Purple bush pea, (Hovea acutifolia), Australia, Fabaceae

Hoya, (Hoya macgillivrayi), strong succulent root climber above canopy, majestic flowers, decorative plant, Australia, Apocynaceae

Wax plant, (Hoya anulata), waxy foliage, sweetly scented white flowers with purple centres, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Apocynaceae

Wax vine plant, (Hoya pottsii), fast-growing twining, gold-coloured fragrant flowers, Australia, Apocynaceae

Bluebell, (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), [formerly (Endymion non-scriptus) or (Scilla non-scripta)], common bluebell, harebell, perennial herb, popular garden plant, Europe, Liliaceae

Spade flower, (Hybanthus stellaroides), annual herb, bright orange flowers, coastal plant, Australia, Violaceae

Native frangipanni, (Hymenosporum flavum), up to 1 m, yellow perfumed flowers, groundcover ornamental, Australia, Pittosporaceae

Hypocyrta glabra, rupturewort, shiny, dark green, leathery leaves, diuretic, (houseplant), Caryophyllaceae

Hypoestes phyllostachya Polka dot plant, flamingo plant, freckle plant, up to 1 m. pointed dark green oval leaves with red spots, pink or purple flowers, fruit a small hairless capsule, (houseplant), invasive in Australia, Madagascar, Acanthaceae

Manchineel tree, (Hippomane mancinella), up to 15 m, causes painful rashes, poisonous fruit, | phorbol, C20H28O6), North and South America, Euphorbiaceae

Sea buckthorn, (Hippophae rhamnoides), sea berry occurs mostly, herbal medicine, antioxidants, England, Elaeagnaceae

Willow-leaved sea buckthorn, (Hippophae salicifolia), Himalayan mountains, Elaeagnaceae

Golden ash, (Hodgkinsonia ovatifolia), to 25 m, creamy white flowers, fleshy drupe, Australia, Rubiaceae

Barley, (Hordeum vulgare), pearl barley, little barley grass, herbal medicine, essential nutrients, B vitamins, Mn, P |

Hordenine | beta-glucan | used in livestock feed, beer, whisky, barley water for fevers, British high alcoholic barley wine, barley is an ancient grain, Poaceae
Dried herb sold as aerials powder, "green barley powder'', folk medicine.

Hormosira banksii, Neptune's necklace, Phaeophyceae, Phylum Phaeophyta.

Hornworts

Horsetails, Equisetum

Bush nutmeg, (Horsfieldia australiana), Australian native food, Myristaceae

Fish mint, (Houttuynia cordata), fishwort, vap ca, variegated toningkok, lizard tail, chameleon plant, heartleaf, bishop's weed, small perennial herb, poison blocking plant, fishy smell plant, herbaceous perennial, hardy plant, up to 40 cm, deciduous, in wet soils, ancient Chinese herb with unusual fish aroma, leaves used raw and cooked to flavour meat dishes, soups, Vietnam and Thai cuisine, valued in Japan as tonic tea, invasive rhizomes, attractive markings on leaves can be of green, pink, cream, same uses as green leaf | Polyphenols | herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory, used to treat allergies and asthma, Japan, Saururaceae

Chinese raisin, (Hovenia dulcis), Japanese raisin, medium tree, deciduous, sweet edible pedicel, used fresh, dried, propagation from seeds, root cuttings, Japan, China.

Purple pea bush, (Hovea acutifolia), small to medium fast growing shrub, to 4 m, purple pea flowers, grow in light shade in well-drained soil, windbreak, hedge or in a large pot or tub, Fabaceae

Curly palm, (Howea belmoreana), sentry palm, paradise palm, thin green stems, foliage edges covered with woolly hairs, Lord Howe Island, Arecaceae

Kentia palm, (Howea forsteriana), thatch palm, sentry palm, paradise palm, Lord Howe Island, Arecaceae

Wax flower, (Hoya australis), ornamental, poisonous, North Australia, Asclepiadaceae

Hoya bella, fleshy leaves, pendulous clusters of waxy star-shaped flowers with purple-red centres, (houseplant), Asclepiadaceae

Wax plant, (Hoya carnosa), North Australia, Southeast Asia, (houseplant), Asclepiadaceae

Hops, (Humulus lupulus), European hop, lupulus, garden herb, herbal medicine, may cause mild central nervous system CNS depression, drowsiness, causes slowed breathing and thinking | Lupulin, Linalool Humulene, Humulone, Isovaleric acid, Lupulone Prenylnaringenin, Tricyclodehydroisohumulone | China, Cannabaceae.
Hops, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
Dried herb is sold as flowers.

Goldenseal, (Hydrastis canadensis), orange root, yellow knotted rootstock, bitter taste | Berberine | Coptisine | herbal medicine, anti-inflammatory action on mucous membranes to reduce congestion and treat coughs, colds and sinusitis, heartburn, goldenseal tincture to improve immune system to treat odour-producing bacteria in the oral cavity, do not use if have hypertension, Canada, Us, Ranunculaceae
Dried herb sold as root powder.

Water balsam, (Hydrocera triflora), erect, many-branched, semi-aquatic, herbaceous perennial, up to 1 metre tall, used for dye, Southeast Asia, Balsaminaceae

English bluebell, (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), Scilla wood hyacinth, wild hyacinth, Asparagaceae

Hyacinth, (Hyacinthus orientalis), common hyacinth, Dutch hyacinth, bluebell, widely cultivated, because strongly fragrant herbaceous perennial, Asparagaceae

Chaulmoogra tree, (Hydnocarpus wightiana), seed oil former treatment of leprosy | chaulmoogric acid, C18H32O2 | Ayurvedic medicine, India, Myanmar, Achariaceae

Bigleaf hydrangea, (Hydrangea macrophylla), French hydrangea, shrub, broad, oval, coarsely-toothed leaves, anthocyanin pigment myrtillin causes blue flower colour if acid soils, pink colour if soils alkaline, popular schools science experiment |
Umbelliferone | herbal medicine, entire plant poisonous, Hydrangeaceae
Dried herb sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.

Smooth hydrangea, (Hydrangea arborescens), wild hydrangea, South America, Hydrangeaceae
6.1.4 Hydrangea flower colour change

Goldenseal, (Hydrastis canadensis), orange root, yellow puccoon, ground cover, scarlet red berries, yellow rhizome, native American folk medicine, used to treat infections and digestive problems | Berberine | Hydrastine | Canadine | Ranunculaceae

Florence Falls palm, (Hydriastele wendlandiana), clusters of thin cane-like stems, showy red fruits, North East Australia, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae
Slender nymph palm, (Hydriastele microspadix), clumping palm, rainforest plant, Papua New Guinea, Arecaceae

Hydrilla, (Hydrilla verticillata), water thyme, Florida elodea, Esthwaite waterweed, (resists salinity), US aquatic noxious weed, Europe, Australia, Hydrocharitaceae

Manyflower, (Hydrocotyle umbellata), marsh pennywort, water pennywort, dollar weed, aquatic perennial, round green leaves, edible weed, herbal medicine, aquatic invasive, North and South America, Araliaceae

Costa Rican pitahaya, (Hylocereus costaricensis), Costa Rica nightblooming cactus, commercial pitahaya / pitahaya fruit, big flowered ornamental, Central America, Cactaceae

Courbaril, (Hymenaea courbaril), West Indian locust, stinking toe, major indigenous food, non-volatile terpenes, useful very hard wood, gum called 'anime' for incense, Caribbean, South America, Fabaceae
East African copal, (Hymenaea verrucosa), amber tree, non-volatile terpenes, world wide in tropics, copal resin for incense, Fabaceae

Northern kentia palm, (Hydriastele ramsayi), up to 30 m tall, compact crown, stiff gray-green pinnae, grows in dry tropical Eucalypt forest at low elevation, northern Australia, Arecaceae

Olive hymenachne, (Hymenachne amplexicaulis), hymenachne, robust perennial grass, marsh grass, introduced to Australia for ponded pasture. but now unwanted invasive pest of streambanks, shallow wetlands and irrigation ditches, Americas, Poaceae
Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Brisbane City Council

Spider lily, (Hymenocallis littoris), perennial herb, up to 1 m, large strap-like leaves, clusters of large white frilly flowers with funnel-shaped centres thick flattened stems, large spherical green fruits, all parts poisonous | Galanthamine | used for border around garden edges, Tropical America, Amaryllidaceae

Isomene lily, (Hymenocallis narcissiflora), pendulous white flowers with funnel-shaped fringed cup, backwards-curving slender petals, bulbous, (houseplant), Amaryllidaceae

(Hymenocrater yazdianus, Nepeta yazdiana), essential oils in leaves | 1, 8-cineole | beta-caryophyllene | alpha-pinene | caryophyllene oxide | Germacrene | Bisabolol | antibacterial activity of the stem leaf and flower oils, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Lamiaceae

Native frangipani (Hymenopsporum flavum), (not related to frangipani Plumeria sp.), rainforest tree, up to 20 m, sweetly-scented creamy white to buttery yellow flowers, widely grown, Australia, Pittosporaceae
Hymenopsporum flavum, Australian Native Plants Society

Hyophorbe lagenicaulis, Bottle palm, trunk shaped like a bottle, Mauritius, Arecaceae
Hyophorbe verschaffeltii, spindle palm, Mauritius. but widely cultivated, raphides, Arecaceae

Henbane, (Hyoscyamus niger), black henbane, stinking nightshade, stinging nightshade, khurasani, poisonous, traditional medicine, sleep and nervous disorders, toothache, seeds contain: | Atropine | Scopolamine | Hyoscyamine | poisonous to pigs, cultivated in India and east Europe, Solanaceae

Egyptian henbane, (Hyoscyamus muticus), perennial herb, up to 1.5 m, gathered from the wild, antimicrobial activity of flower extracts and leaf extracts, used in traditional medicine, source of alkaloids | Hyoscyamine |, North Africa, Solanaceae

Shrubby St. John's wort, (Hypericum androsaemum), tutsan, sweet-amber, | Norathyriol | Hypericin | Mangigerin | the St. John's wort family, Hypericaceae

Hypericum aucheri | Norathyriol | Hypericaceae

Rose of Sharon, (Hypericum calycinum), (See Psalm 133:2, Aaron's beard), Jerusalem star, low shrub, large yellow flowers | Hypercalin B | herbal remedy, Hypericaceae
Hypericum drummondii | Drummondin A | Hypericaceae

Japanese St John's wort, (Hypericum japonicum) | Sarothralin | Hypericaceae

St John's wort, (Hypericum perforatum), klamath weed, tutsan, curry bush, prostrate shrub, perennial, groundcover, hardy plant, invasive weed, pink flowers | Hypericin | Hyperin | leaves as herbal medicine, use aerial parts infused oil as a cream for nerve-related pain, e.g. shingles, antidepressant for mild depression. but do not use with antidepressants and other drugs, anti-inflammatory, may cause photosensitivity, yellow dye, invasion of pasture, Croatia, Hypericaceae
Do not combine this herb with any prescribed or self-administered medication, alcohol, ultraviolet light or solarium use.
Some herbalists will not prescribe it, because they consider St John's wort too dangerous for ingestion, due to phytotoxic side effects.
St. John's Wort, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below images.
St. John's Wort, Dried herb sold as aerials, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.
St. John's wort cannot be sent to the states of NSW and Victoria, Australia.
St John's wort, DAF

Curled-leaved St. John's-wort, Hypericum triquetrifolium | Pseudohypericin | Hypericaceae

Doum palm, (Hyphaene thebaica), gingerbread palm, forked trunk, edible gingerbread-tasting fruit, eastern Africa, Arecaceae

Elala Palm. (Hyphaene coriacea, H. natalensis), ilala palm, leaves used for weaving, southern Africa, Arecaceae

Cat's ear, (Hypochaeris radicata), false dandelion, milky sap, all parts edible, invasive weed, Europe, Asteraceae

Goldfish plant, (Hypocyrta glabra), clog plant, (houseplant), Gesnariaceae

Freckle face, (Hypoestes sanguinolenta, H. phyllostachya), polka dot plant, (houseplant), Acanthaceae

Hyppeastrum species, to 60cm, large poisonous bulb, showy flowers at the end of thick hollow stems, green strap-like leaves from the base of the plant, (houseplant), Amaryllidaceae

Knobweed, (Hyptis capitata), lesser roundhead, roadside weed, herbal medicine, Central America, Lamiaceae
Horehound, (Hyptis suavelons), small, purple-mauve flowers in clusters, fruit a lobed burr, roadside weed, South America, naturalised in Australia. Lamiaceae

Hyssop, (Hyssopus officinalis), azob, perennial, hardy plant, up to 50 cm, spikes of small blue flowers, good scented herb, aromatic bitter taste, culinary uses, with rabbit, lamb, salads, vegetables, stewed peaches, apricots, used more in candies than cooking for European cooking, used mainly in Thailand and Vietnam cooking, flavouring in Pernod, Ricard, Chartreuse liqueurs, Borneol, Camphor, Geraniol, Phellandrene, Pinene, Pinocamphone, herbal medicine, tea for colds, (in Bible, "hyssop" used by Hebrews for Passover ritual purification), in some eau de colognes, Mediterranean region, Lamiaceae
Hyssop, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Dried herb is sold as aerials.

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