Epazote, (Dysphania ambrosioides), Amaranthaceae
School Science Lessons
(UNBiolN3D) 2024-12-06

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Genus names, D, (Dacrydium to Dysphania)
Please send comments to: j.elfick@uq.edu.au
Contents

Sampinur, (Indonesia), (Dacrydium elatum), kayu cina, up to 30 m. conifer timber tree, local medicine, Southeast Asia, Podocarpaceae

Rimu, (Dacrydium cupressinum), red pine, up to 50 m, conifer popular timber tree, New Zealand, Podocarpaceae

African pear, (Dacryodes edulis), bush pear, safou, butterfruit, fruit rich in amino acids and triglycerides, Africa, Burseraceae

Cat grass, (Dactylis glomerata), cocksfoot grass, orchard grass, perennial, hardy plant, up to 20 cm, lawn grass, orchard grass | Hexacosan-1-ol | natural medicine for healthy cats, dogs, guinea pigs, rabbits, can also be chopped and added to animal's food, Poaceae
Cat Grass, Dactylis glomerata, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below Description.
Lemon-scented myrtle, (Darwinia citriodora), up to 1.5 m, Australia, orang-red flowers, groundcover and planted in rockeries, Myrtaceae

Dawsonia, Moss, Catharinea, Dawsonia, Funaria, Mnium, Polytrichum, Sphagnum, Stricta, Bryophyta Division.

Dragon's blood palm, (Daemonorops draco), produces "Dragon's blood" red resin in fruit, rattan canes, malaysia, Thailand, Sumatra, Arecaceae

Dahlia, (Dahlia pinnata), [probably a very old hybrid (D. x pinnata) bred after the first dahlias were imported into Europe]. garden dahlia, pinnate dahlia, many species and variants, popular ornamental, parenchyma contains the polysaccharide inulin as large sphaerocrystals instead of amylum starch, Mexico, Asteraceae

Dalbergia odorifera, huanghuali, yellow flowering pear wood, yellow rosewood, precious Chinese wood now rare, Fabaceae

Dalechampia disocoreifolia, climber, two large purple bracts around tiny central bloom, Euphorbiaceae

Kangaroo lobelia, (Dampiera diversifolia), prostate perennial, up to 1 m, intense purple-blue groundcover, (named after William Dampier, 1652-1715, English explorer, Australia, Goodeniaceae

Frankincense tree, (Daniellia thurifera), ogea gum, illorin gum, balsam, ("frankincense"), up to 45 m, straight cylindrical bole up to 45 ml, straight cylindrical bole, harvested from the wild for timber and gum, folk medicine, grows in forests in Sierra Leone, (Family Fabaceae but does not fix atmospheric nitrogen), Fabaceae

Yuán huā (Chinese), (Daphne genkwa), lilac daphne, subtle fragrance or scent-less rose purple flowers held close to erect stem, all parts are poisonous, used as pesticide, attractive garden plant, dried flower buds used in Chinese medicine, China, Taiwan and Korea, Thymelaceae

Daphne laureola, glossy leaves, small green flowers, poisonous black berries, Thymelaceae

Winter daphne, (Daphne odora), spurge laurel, laurel, spurge, mezereon spurge, herbal medicine, fragrant shrub, China, Thymelaceae
up to 1.5 m, dense clusters of waxy small fragrant pale pink to white with darker centre flowers, the most common daphne, Thymelaceae
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Brown silky oak, (Darlingia darlingiana), up to 8 m, darlingine alkaloid, dense spikes of waxy white flowers, attractive wood, valuable timber, Australia, Proteaceae
Darlingia darlingiana, Brown silky oak, Daleys Fruit Trees

Rose silky oak, (Darlingia ferruginea), up to 30 m, not buttressed, in mountainous tropical rainforests, dark green leaves look rusty underneath, fragrant cream flowers on erect spikes, used for decorative timber with an oak grain, Australia, Proteaceae

Long spined thorn-apple, (Datura ferox), angel's trumpets, fierce thorn-apple, every part poisonous | Anisodamine | Meteloidine | Solanaceae
Datura species are called angel's trumpets, as are other Solanaceae species.
22/12/2022: Australian broadcasting Corporation, "Thornapple", (edited for this website)
About 200 Australians have been reported being poisoned this week as a result of eating contaminated spinach.
The contamination was traced back to the noxious weed thornapple, also known as jimsonweed, a poisonous invasive species that is found across Australia.

Thornapple, (Datura stramonium), jimsonweed, devil's snare, devil's trumpet, Solanaceae, a family of plants, which includes both highly toxic plants such as nightshade and belladonna and kitchen staples like tomatoes and potatoes.
It is a leafy annual herb, grows to 60 cm in height, oval or broadly triangular-shaped flowers with jagged edges, white flowers, from Central America, was introduced in Australia as a garden plant and once used as a treatment for mania and epilepsy.
Every part of the thornapple plant is toxic to both humans and animals.
Children in particular are very sensitive to thornapple poisoning, with common symptoms including: thirst dilated pupils, high temperatures, weak or rapid pulse, incoherence or hallucinations, vomiting, breathing problems, convulsions.
Touching the plant can also cause dermatitis, nausea and headaches in some people. Every part of the thornapple plant is poisonous, with the seeds particularly high in toxins.
In agricultural lands it competes with summer crops and spreads by seed,
A spinach producer has confirmed that thornapple had been found in its "baby spinach" products.
Thornapple in gardens can be removed physically with hand weeding, or chemically with herbicide.

| Anisodamine | Convolvine | Cuscohygrine | Valeroidine | entire plant poisonous, especially seeds and berries, in some countries selling Datura plants is illegal, because deaths from misuse have been recorded, Solanaceae

Pricklebur, (Datura innoxia), recurved thorn-apple, lovache | Hyoscine | Tigloidine | Solanaceae

Devil's trumpet, (Datura metel), metel | Hexanoic acid | Hyoscine | Solanaceae

Sacred datura, (Datura meteloides), flowers open in early evening and close the next day with sunlight. all parts of plant are extremely poisonous if ingested, Important medicinal plant to Native Americans. | Apohyoscine | Meteloidine | Solanaceae

Red angel's trumpet, (Datura sanguinea) | large trumpet shaped flowers, heady perfume.Littorine | cultivated as an entheogen for shamanic purposes by the South American Natives, Extremely Poisonous, South America, Solanaceae

Jimson weed, (Datura stromonium), thorn apple, devil's snare, devil's apple, poisonous, analgesic, dangerous halucinogen with unpleasant after-effects, | Atropine | 4-Caffeoyl-glucose, C15H18O9 | Hyoscamine | Meteloidine | Scopolamine | herbal medicine, capsule fruit, Solanaceae
Sacred datura, (Datura wrightii) | Calystegin B | hallucinogen, Solanaceae

Carrot, (Daucus carota subsp. sativus), wild carrot, herbal medicine, root vegetable, Queen Anne's lace, bird's nest, Europe | Myristicin | herbal medicine, carrot seed oil, source of carotene, the carrot family, Apiaceae
A carrot has a single swollen tap root that is rich in vitamin A, but it is hard to grow.
Carrot "seeds" are small dried fruits in pairs in a husk for protection, removed before spice is sold, ridges on fruits have canals underneath containing aromatic oil, e.g. ajowan, arracacha, carrot, cnidium, mitsuba, monsterio, parsnip

Hare's foot fern, (Davallia sollida var. pyxidata), hare's foot, because furry exposed rhizomes, grows in rock cracks, Australia, Davalliaceae

Golden pea, (Daviesia arborea), up to 14 m, bitterleaf pea, garden plant, yellow flowers with faint red markings, sweet honey scent, Australia, Fabaceae
Hop bitter pea, (Daviesia latifolia), Australia, Fabaceae
Daviesia latifolia, Hop bitter pea, Southern Harvest

Lemon-scented darwinia, (Darwinia citriodora), lemon-scented myrtle, up to 1.5 m, Australia, orang-red flowers, groundcover and planted in rockeries, Myrtaceae

Dove tree, (Davidia involucrata), handkerchief tree, ghost tree, flowering ornamental, China, Cornaceae

Davidson's plum, (Davidsonia jerseyana), Mullumbimby plum, NSW Davidson's plum, Australian native food, Cunoniaceae
Davidsonia jerseyana, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Smooth Davidson's plum, (Davidsonia johnsonii), small tree, infertile seeds, Australian native food, Cunoniaceae
Davidsonia johnsonii, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Queensland Davidson's plum, (Davidsonia pruriens), ooray, up to 6 m, narrow tree, large leaves with toothed edges, Australian native food, Cunoniaceae
Davidsonia pruriens, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Queensland Davidson's plum, is one of the best native Australian fruits.
Its fruit is blue-black, plum-like, with loose hairs on the surface.
The flesh is soft, juicy, purple and contains small, flattened seed with a fibrous coating.
The fruit is very acid, so is stewed with sugar or made into jam or jelly.
It provides a distinctive and most enjoyable food for anyone, who likes a sharp taste in preserves.
The plant is striking in form and foliage.

Silky myrtle, (Decaspermum humile), currant myrtle, dark shiny crown, new pink leaves have silver hairs, Australian native food, Myrtaceae
Decaspermum humile, Silky myrtle, Daleys Fruit Trees

Mt Morgan myrtle, (Decaspermum struckoilicum), up to 4 m, similar to silky myrtle, endangered species, Australia, Myrtaceae

Blue nun, (Delarbrea michieana), delarbrea, woody or herbaceous shrub, up to 6 m, understorey tree, swollen base of the compound leaf petiole clasping the stem, very reduced scale-like leaflets near the base of the compound leaf, pendulous inflorescence, huge bunches of startling iridescent blue berries, grows as a small understory tree in rainforests, Australia, Myodocarpaceae

Poinciana, (Delonix regia), flame of the forest, flamboyant tree, ornamental, street tree, native to Madagascar, bright orange flowers, can grow up to 10 metres, but mostly 3 to 5 metres, spreading growth habit, semi-deciduous, sheds old leaves in spring, but new leaves follow immediately so never without foliage, attractive seed pods like a big bean, Fabaceae
9.3.5 Poinciana flower
Delonix regia, Poinciana, Daleys Fruit Trees

Trailing iceplant, (Delosperma cooperi, Mesembryanthemum cooperi), dwarf perennial, dense lawn, fleshy leaves, trailing hanging stem, magenta-pink flowers, bladder-like hairs on leaves sparkle like ice crystals, halucinogen chemicals DMT and 5-MeO-DMT in leaves, South Africa, Aizoaceae

Alpine delphinium, (Delphinium elatum), candle larkspur, called "Delphinium" in the plant industry, up to 2 m, grown from seed, divided leaves, spikes of blue-purple flowers, ornamental, alkaloids in seeds, needs stakes to support flower heads, handle with gloves, temperate Asia and Europe, Ranunculaceae
Chinese delphinium, (Delphinium grandiflora), Siberian larkspur, smaller than D. elatum and dispersed flowers not spike, , most intense blue Delphinium flowers usually from nurseries not grown from seed. Russia and China, Ranunculaceae

Forking larkspur, (Delphinium regalis, Consolida regalis), lark's heel, knight's spur, field larkspur, many alkaloids, tall slender stems, flowers on pikes, up to 1 m, grown from seed, biennial. non-toxic, Asia, Europe, Ranunculaceae

Stavesacre, (Staphisagria macrosperma, Delphinium staphisagria), lice-bane, all parts toxic | Deltaline
Delphinium
The more than 365 species of genus Delphinium, larkspurs, occur mainly in the cool and moist conditions of the northern temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.
They have long been cultivated for their coloured flowers, yellow dye for silk, and as herbal pesticides against lice, larvae of mosquito, and flies.
The tubers and roots, have been extensively used as herbal medicines, including Chinese traditional medicines, for the treatment of many kinds of diseases.
Delphinium plants have been investigated to isolate anthocyanin pigments from the flowers, e,g, delphinin), diterpenoid alkaloids, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds, fatty acids, terpenoids and steroids, all isolated from Delphinium plants.
Delphiniums need darkness to germinate and these plants are poisonous, so are not recommended to be planted in gardens frequented by young children.
(The genera Aconitum and Consolida are also well known for their characteristic diterpenoid alkaloid components.)
Some of the alkaloids isolated from Delphinium plants are as follows:
| Ajaconine, C22H33NO3
| Delcosine, C24H39NO7
| Delsoline, C25H41NO7
| Deltaline, C27H41NO8
| Denudatine, C22H33NO2
| Elatine, C38H50N2O10
| Lycoctonine, C25H41NO7
| Methyllycaconitine, C37H50N2O10
| Nudicauline, C38H50N2O11

Pigeon orchid, (Dendrobium crumentatum), white dove orchid, strongly-scented white flowers, herbal medicine, Asia, Orchidaceae

The delicate dendrobium, (Dendrobium x delicatum), [natural hybrid: D. kingianum x D. tarberi], popular commercial orchid, light pink fragrant flowers, Australia, Orchidaceae

Pink rock orchid, (Dendrobium kingianum), popular cultivated orchid, Australia, Orchidaceae

Thumbnail orchid, (Dendrobium linguiforme), tongue orchid, prostrate wiry stems, fragrant flowers, on rocks and trees, Australia, Orchidaceae

Giant bamboo, (Dendrocalamus giganteus), largest bamboo, up to 46 metres, 25 cm diameter, Burma, Poaceae

Dendrocalamus latiflorus, huge clumping bamboo, sweet type suitable for edible shoot harvest, culinary uses, kick shoot with boot, if it does not break off it is too old to harvest, southern China, Poaceae

Australian nettle tree, (Dendrocnide excelsa), stinging hairs on all aerial parts cause excruciating pain, Australia, Urticaceae

Gympie-Gympie stinging tree, (Dendrocnide moroides), more painful from neurotoxin proteins called "gympietides", treat with wax hair-removal strips, Australia, Urticaceae

Orange boxwood, (Denhamia celastroides), denhamia, up to 15 m, understory tree, partly shaded ornamental, Australia, Celastraceae

Lacy Ground Fern, (Dennstaedita davallioides), long creeping rhizomes, dense groundcover, Australia, Dennstaedtiaceae

Japanese lady fern, (Deparia petersenii), creeping growth, long rhizomes, thick groundcover, invasive, Australia, East Asia, Athyriaceae

Texas mountain laurel, (Dermatophyllum secundiflorum), frijolito, mescal bean, evergreen shrub, up to 0.9 m, multiple trunks, mid-green above and silvery below leaves on one side of the stem, violet-blue fragrant pea-like flowers, hard woody fruit, red poisonous seeds, if used as garden tree remove the seeds to protect children | Cytisine, C11H14N2O | USA, Fabaceae

Derris, (Derris elliptica), tibanglan, tuba, tugleng pula, climbing woody vine, bright green leaves, racemes of rose-tinted white flowers, swollen roots contain rotenone, Rotenone, for treatment of scabies and insecticide, used for insect repellent "derris dust", contains grows in the wet tropical biome, southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea. Fabaceae

Derwent speedwell, (Derwentia perfoliata), Australia, Plantaginaceae
Derwentia perfoliata, Derwent speedwell, Southern Harvest

Cottage blue speedwell, (Derwentia arenaria), soft woody shrub, up to 100 cm, conspicuous bright blue flowers, Australia, Plantaginaceae

Desmanthus, (Desmanthus virgatus), bundle flower, tropical pasture legume, Fabaceae

Greenleaf desmodium, (Desmodium intortum), greenleaf tick trefoil, tickclover, long-lived creeping or scrambling vine, stems up to 1.5 m long and densely covered with hooked or curved hairs which adhere to skin or clothing, alternately arranged compound leaves with three leaflets borne on stalks. leaflets with pointed tips and upper surfaces with red-brown markings, pea-shaped flowers in elongated clusters, pink to purple flowers may turn blue-white as they age, elongated pods covered in hooked hairs, introduced into tropical countries as a fodder crop, becomes an environmental weed, tropical countries, Fabaceae

Silverleaf desmodium, (Desmodium uncinatum), Spanish clover, tick clover, velcro plant, fodder crop, but becomes invasive in settled areas, Fabaceae

Tamarind-plum, (Dialium indum), velvet tamarind, large tree, evergreen, fruit, fleshy pod, black, velvety rind, edible sweet pulp, used fresh, propagation from seeds, Southeast Asia, Fabaceae

Queensland blue flax-lily, (Dianella atraxis), Australian native food, Asphodelaceae
Dianella atraxis, (hybrid), Queensland blue flax-lily, Daleys Fruit Trees

Blue flax lily, (Dianella brevipedunculata), short-flowered flax lily, pincushion flax lily, tufted perennial, up to 1 m, purple flowers, edible dar blue berries, Australian native food, Asphodelaceae

Flax lily, (Dianella caerulea), blueberry lily, Paroo lily, blue flax lily, hardy perennial, long strap-like leaves to 60 cm long, flower stem up to 90 cm, blue flowers on branched spikes, bright blue berries may be poisonous, grow in sunny position in well-drained soil, common in Australian gardens, Australia, Asphodelaceae

Umbrella dracaena, (Dianella ensifolia), common dianella, siak-siak, evergreen, perennial herb with grass-like leaves growing from a branched, gradually spreading rhizome, up to 1.5 m, spreading at roots to form large clump, gathered from wild for medicine, pesticide and dye, but in China cattle are said to die from eating it, Africa; India, China, Madagascar, Solomon Islands, Asphodelaceae

Pale flax lily, (Dianella longifolia), blueberry lily, smooth flax lily, blue flax lily, clumping lily-herb, rhizomes to 10 cm long, inflorescences to 1.5 m, in dry and wet sclerophyll forest, dark green leaves produced basally in a clump, blue to violet flowers, stamens have orange filaments and yellow anthers, purple berries, attractive drought-tolerant and frost-tolerant plant for the garden, Australia, Asphodelaceae

Blueberry lily, (Dianella revoluta), flax lily, black anther, Australian native food, Australia, Asphodelaceae
Blueberry lily, Tucker Bush

Tasman flax lily, (Dianella tasmanica), Tasmanian flax lily, tufting lily, up to 1.5 m, arching sprays of blue flowers with yellow markings, edible large blue-black berries eaten raw or stewed, frost hardy, ornamental, tolerates wet soils, Australia, Asphodelaceae
Dialella tasmanica, Tasman flax lily, Southern Harvest

Carnation, (Dianthus caryophyllus), clove pink, malmaison, sops-in-wine, gillyflower, short-lived herbaceous perennial, cut down dead flower heads, propagate by cuttings, full sun, up to 30 cm, ornamental, petals have clove-like flavour, hence "clove-pink", used in liqueurs and cordials, clove scent from oil of: | Eugenol | Chalconaringenin, C15H12O5 | Dianthalexin, C14H9NO3 | Dianthramine, C14H11NO6 | Lychnose Lychnose | Mediterranean region, the carnation family, Caryophyllaceae.
A single carnation worn in the lapel buttonhole of a man's suit is called a "boutonnière".
The first carnations had a pink fleshy colour and smelt of cloves, so were called "clove pinks".
Pink carnations were associated with the Virgin Mary, but nowadays, carnations have a wide range of colours and certain colours have certain meanings, so ask a florist to suggest a suitable colour when buying carnations, for example, a green carnation may suggest homosexuality.
Clove Pink, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.

Shrubby cinquefoil, (Diasphora fruticosa), five-fingered grass, silver weed, tormentil, shrub, low-growing Eurasian plant, bright yellow flowers, herbal medicine, root used to treat diarrhoea, tolerates drought, flooding, cold, transplants easily, Rosaceae

Queensland bluegrass, (Dichanthium sericium), tufted erect perennial, up to cm, blue green leaves, nodes with a ring of erect white hairs, straw coloured spikelets with one or more florets covered with silky hairs, one spikelet sessile and other spikelet is fertile with a twisted awn, erect culms smooth and hairless, round leaf sheaths are almost as long as the internodes, short ragged ligules , blue-purple leaf blades densely covered with white hairs and sheaths pointed from near the tip. Poacea Dicanthium sericium, Lucid.Central

Squirrel corn, (Dicentra canadensis) | Cancentrine | Papaveraceae
Dicentra species: | Allocryptopine, (C21H23NO5) | Papaveraceae

Dutchman's breeches, (Dicentra cucullaria) | Cularidine | Papaveraceae

Ringed bleeding-heart, (Dicentra eximia), Turkey-corn | Cularimine | Glaucine | strangely shaped flowers, eastern USA, Papaveraceae

Horsehoof grass, (Dicentras repens), bleeding heart, perennial, hardy plant, groundcover, used in Chinese, medicine leaves tea for fevers, tonic, Papaveraceae
Sanguinarine | Japan, Papaveraceae

Queensland bluegrass, (Dichanthium sericium), bluegrass, silky bluegrass, pasture grass, Australia, Poaceae
Dichanthium sericium, DPI

Kidney weed, (Dichondra repens), mercury weed, dense creeping plant, up to 30 cm, green foliage, very small white flowers, low maintenance ground cover, used in hanging baskets, Australia, New Zealand, Convolvulaceae

Silverleaf ponysfoot, (Dichondra sericea), pubescent leaves, grown for attractive foliage, Convolvulaceae

Gas plant, (Dictamnus albus), gas plant, fraxinella, white dittany, false dittany, burning bush, but doubtful if it was the Biblical burning bush, (Exodus 3:1-4:17), because it exudes isoprene-based flammable oils which may ignite in hot weather, herbaceous perennial, up to 75 cm, fragrant leaves used for scented tea, herbal medicine, pain relief, ornamental, Greece, the single species in the family Rutaceae

Dictyota, kelp, brown algae, Phaeophyceae, Phylum Phaeophyta.

Dumb cane, (Dieffenbachia maculata), tropical tiki, up to 1 m, multiple stems, shrubbery growth, large decorative dark and light green leaves edged in bright gold foliage, popular houseplant, Mexico, Araceae
Dieffenbachia species, called dumb cane because of raphides, shade-tolerant houseplants, Araceae

Leopard lily, (Dieffenbachia amoena), large oblong leaves, poisonous or irritant sap, (houseplant), Araceae

Angel's fishing rod, (Dierama pulcherrimum), wand flower, funnel-shaped flowers, corm perennial, Iridaceae

Lord Howe wedding lily, (Dietes robinsonia), up to 1.5 m, strap leaves, white flowers with small yellow markings nearing the centre of their petal, grows mainly on exposed cliff faces only in Lord Howe Island, nearest genetic relative grows in Africa, useful garden plant, Australia, Iridaceae

Foxglove, (Digitalis purpurea), common foxglove, purple foxglove, lady's glove, soft velvet-like leaves, | Caffeic acid C9H8O4, 3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid | Digitalin C36H56O14, glycoside compound | Digitalose, C7H14O5 | Digitogenin | Digitonin | Digitoxin | Gitogenin | Gitonin | Lactic acid, C3H6O3, CH3CHOHCOOH, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid | Purpureaside, C35H46O20, oligosaccharide | Tigonin | herbal medicine, formerly for heart disorders, but now rarely used, powerful diuretic, bees like it, garden ornamental, Europe, Plantaginaceae
Digitalis species, entire plant poisonous
| Digoxigenin, (C23H34O5), (DIG) | is a steroid in D. purpurea, D. orientalis and D. lanata, attached to sugars, to form glycosides, e.g. Lanatoside

Large yellow foxglove, (Digitalis orientalis, D. grandiflora) | Digoxin | Hispidulin | Scutellarein | Plantaginaceae

Woolly Foxglove, (Digitalis lanata), Grecian foxglove | Acetyldigoxin | Diginatin | Digoxin | Gitogenin | Gitonin | Lanatoside C | Tipogenin, C27H44O3, (widely used steroidal sapogenin used for synthesizing steroid drugs and gout suppressan) | Tigonin, C56H92O27 | herbal medicine, (main source of Digoxin used to treat heart failure), Plantaginaceae

Straw Foxglove, (Digitalis lutea), small yellow foxglove, tubular yellow flowers with brown dots, garden plant, Plantaginaceae

Common finger grass, (Digitaria eriantha), woolly fingergras, pangola-grass, digit grass, tropical subtropical pasture grass, up to 180 cm, suppresses weeds, stands heavy grazing, Africa. Poaceae

Elephant apple, (Dillenia indica), ornamental, evergreen tree, rounded crown, up to 30 M, almost edible fruit cooked as a vegetable, used in polish and soap, local medicine, popular garden plant, fragrant flowers, Dilleniaceae
Dillenia indica, JCU
Elephant Apple, Daleys Fruit Trees

Native lychee, (Dimocarpus australianus), native lychee, sweeter than lychee, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Native lychee, Dimocarpus australianus, Daley's Fruit Trees.

Longan, (Dimocarpus longan), black seed shows through fruit flesh like an eye, round and hard seed, Sapindaceae
Air layering, also known as "marcottage", is the preferred method of propagating guava, lychee and longan.
See diagram: Longan
Dimocarpus australianus, Native lychee, Daleys Fruit Trees

Tingletongue, (Dinosperma erythrococcum), clubwood, up to 20 m, in drier rainforest, fragrant tingling sensation in tongue when leaf or bark is chewed, its leaf oil contains | monoterpenoids or sesquiterpenoids, (e.g. Sesquiterpenoid 1, C15H26O3) | grows in drier rainforest, Australia, Rutaceae
Dinosperma erythrococcum, PlantNet

Venus fly trap, (Dionaea muscipula), tipitiwitcher, insectivorous, "fun plant" not houseplant, modified hinged leaves with large hairs on edges to form trap, bursts of electrical energy detected from the surface of trap lobes, grow naturally in nutrient-poor soil, dormant in winter, expressed sap formerly used to treat cancer, North America, Droseraceae

Black plum, (Diospyros australis), yellow persimmon, up to 10 m, leaves dark green on the upper surface and yellow below, small yellow flowers, shiny edible black berries, Australian native food called burrpurr, Ebenaceae
See diagram (Diospyros australis).
Diospyros australis, Tucker Bush

Kakalche (Maya name), (Diospyros anisandra) | Plumbagin | Ebenaceae

Velvet apple, (Diospyros blancoi), mabolo, medium tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit, covered with reddish-brown hairs, used fresh, propagation from seeds grafting, unusual fruit and foliage, attractive plant, Philippines, Ebenaceae
Velvet Apple, Diospyros discolor, Daleys Fruit Trees

Black sapote, (Diospyros digyna), chocolate pudding fruit, medium to large tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit, large, dark green to black sweet, used fresh, in desserts, propagation from seeds, grafting, Mexico, Ebenaceae
Black Sapote, Diospyros digyna, Daleys Fruit Trees

Velvet apple, (Diospyros discolor), mabolo, velvet persimmon, butter fruit tree, Philippines, tropical forest tree, endosperm cells show plasmodesmata passing through thick cell walls, Ebenaceae

Ceylon ebony, (Diospyros ebenum), Indian ebony, Macassar ebony, (Andaman marble, timber of same family), Ebenaceae

Queensland ebony, (Diospyros geminata), native ebony, up to 12 m, slender trunk, dense crown, dark grey bark, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Ebenaceae

Small-leaved ebony, (Diospyros humilis), native ebony, small tree, stiff glossy leaves, oval orange fruit, used for woodturning, Ebenaceae

Persimmon, (Diospyros kaki), Chinese persimmon, Japanese persimmon, Oriental persimmon. ("Sharon fruit), (the most widely cultivated persimmon), small tree, fruit, large, yellow-orange, sweet, seedless, used fresh, propagation from grafting, Ebenaceae
Persimmon 'Fuyu', Diospyros kaki, Daleys Fruit Trees
Persimmon 'Hachiya', Diospyros kaki, Daleys Fruit Trees

Date-plum, (Diospyros lotus), lilac persimmon, Caucasian persimmon, up to 30 m, shiny oval-shaped leaves, green flowers, juicy tellow fruit that is usually dried, eaten by the "lotus-eaters" of Greek legend, China, central Asia, Ebenaceae

American persimmon, (Diospyros virginiana), common persimmon, medium tree, fruit, small to medium, orange, sweet, used fresh, deciduous, propagation from seeds, grafting, good rootstock for Japanese Persimmon, North America, Ebenaceae

White flag iris, (Diplarrena moraea), poisonous to stock, weed, Australia, Iridaceae
Diplarrena moraea, White flag iris. Southern Harvest

Native tamarind, (Diploglottis australis), broad-leaved tamarind, tamarind, up to 35 m, rainforest tree, crown of very large pinnate leaves, yellow fruit has three rounded lobes and contains a single seed enclosed in an orange juicy pulp, very acid taste but pleasant and refreshing, used to make drink by boiling fruits with sugar and water, used to make jam, used as street tree in Australia, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Diploglottis australis, Tucker Bush
Most native tamarinds have large, hairy leaves which are most attractive, especially when in new growth.
Diploglottis species are sometimes called "tamarinds" in Australia, but have no relation to the true tamarind, (Tamarindus indica).
[Diplo - two or double, glottis - throat (referring to the flowers)]

Bernie's tamarind, (Diploglottis berniana), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Occurs in wet tropical rainforest below 600m, common between Innisfail and Cooktown in NE Queensland. It has the largest leaves of all the Diploglottis, up to 1.7m long.
A single trunk tree while young, which branches after a considerable time and grows to 25 m in a forest.
Large crops of hairy, brownish-orange fruits with an orange aril.
Trees are intolerant of strong wind, low humidity and exposed conditions, but are doing well under cultivation in full sun at Cairns.

Boonjee tamarind, (Diploglottis bracteata), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Occurs in dense, tropical rainforest below, upright, bushy, fast growing tree to 30 m, leaves large and grey-green in colour, fruit very large orange fruit up to 10 cm across usually in three segments, fast- growing species when grown in moist soils and in full sun to part shade.

Small-leaved tamarind, (Diploglottis campbellii). now rare in the wild, but is plentiful from nurseries, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Diploglottis campbellii, Daleys Fruit Trees
Diploglottis campbellii, Tucker Bush
Occurs between north NSW) and south Queensland but rare in the wild, considered rare and endangered and purchases of this plant should be from suppliers having a certificate, forest tree up to 25 m, but trees in full sun grow to around a third of this height, trunk fluted and attractive, trees develop a dense canopy down to ground level, leaves are the smallest of all the Tamarinds, fruit colour may vary from deep red to orange or yellow, large fruit, usually 3-celled up to 75mm across splitting open whilst on the tree, fruit is usually a three-lobed capsule, each lobe is 4 cm in diameter enclosing a single round seed, pulp is a pleasantly acid juicy red aril, encloses the single seed.
(Diploglottis campbellii) is much superior to (Diploglottis australis).

Northern tamarind, (Diploglottis diphyllostegia), wild tamarind, yellow-orange flowers, fruit enveloped by the aril, commonly cultivated attractive tree, edible yellow fruits with orange arils, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
It is found in lowland and highland rainforest where there is fertile soil.
Yellow-orange flowers, fruit enveloped by the aril, commonly cultivated attractive tree, edible yellow fruits with orange arils, Sapindaceae
Tree habit: usually a tall, straight tree up to 30m
Can be a dominant tree with a bushy canopy of large, dark green leaves.
t possibly has the largest leaves of the sub-tropical Australian trees (apart from Davidsonia and Hicksbeachia).
Fruit is a two or three-celled, hairy, orange to yellow small fruit, on large spikes, with an orange aril covering the seed.
The flesh is very acid and eaten by birds.
Large trees produce huge amounts of fruit, littering the ground below.
It can be fast growing if given plenty of water, light and mulch, in full sun.
Yellow-orange flowers, fruit envelopedby the aril, commonly cultivated attractive tree, edible yellow fruits with orange arils
It occurs from Cape York to central Qld in all rainforest types, most often in dry rainforest, Cairns and the Tablelands in NE Queensland.
It is a fairly squat, bushy tree, up to 12 m.
It has large, furry leaves and decorative white flowers.
Fruit the colour varies from orange to yellow and fruit, produced in abundance, often bending the branches over.
It is a fast-growing tree suited to a wide range of conditions, as long as moisture is provided in dry times.

Cape York tamarind, (Diploglottis macrantha), Australian native food, occurs in seasonal rainforest with a marked monsoonal period, a small tree with large furry leaves, attractive new growth, multiple trunked, fruiting at 2.5 m high, orange fruit, grows slowly well in sub-tropics, Sapindaceae.

Dryander tamarind, (Diploglottis obovate), Australian native food, occurs east of Proserpine, Queensland in gallery forest, close to the coast, attractive bushy tree, up to 10 m in cultivation, small green fruit similar to D. diphyllostegia with a yellow aril, fast-growing tree with attractive leaves, Sapindaceae.

Palmerston tamarind, (Diploglottis sp.), Palmerston Gorge, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
It occurs in Palmerston Gorge area, west of Innisfail, Queensland, in luxuriant lowland and foothill tropical rainforests, which is often misty and very wet.
It is a dense tree to 20 m, with large leaves, up to 1 m long, and more leaflets than any other tamarind, up to 30 per leaf.
Bright red new growth and fruit is attractive.
The large, orange fruit has a yellowish or white aril, with high, yield, similar to D. bracteata.
It can be grown in full sun to part shade, in moist, humus-rich soils.
Fast growing, producing a solid, single trunk branching sparingly while young.
Pedley's tamarind, (Diploglottis pedleyi), tamarind, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
An understory tree in tropical rainforest, up to 22m, yellow-pink minutely hairy fruit, Australia, Sapindaceae
It is restricted to the area west of Innisfail in the North Johnstone River catchment, Queensland, in very wet, dense rainforest at low altitudes.
It is an understory tree, often very slender and leaning at an angle, a bare stem with a tuft of growth on top.
Trees often multi-trunked and grows up to 8 m.
Fruit are large three-celled capsules, up to 10 cm across, with a fluro-orange aril, which is very acidic, and are conspicuous on the forest floor.
It grows to 5 m in cultivation, adapts well to lower rainfall areas with high moisture levels, and grows better in the shade.
It is a very ornamental feature plant.

Smith's tamarind, (Diploglottis smithii), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Occurs between Innisfail and Cooktown in Queensland, at elevations below 450 m, in wet to very wet tropical rainforest.
It produces large, grey-green to lime new growth, grows straight up for some years before branching, forming a bushy crown, grows up to 20 m in the forest.
It produces copious quantities of large fruit with an orange aril, very acidic and just edible fresh.
It is a superb garden plant, if away from the house so as to avoid the mass fruiting.
It grows very fast in moist soils, tolerates light frost, but grows best in full sun with protection from dry winds.

Wild rocket, (Diplotaxis tenuifolia), perennial wall-rocket, wall rocket, arugula, usually grows in disturbed areas but recently grown as a salad vegetable, Brassicaceae
Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Wild Rocket, Mudbrick Herb Cottage, See text below.

Teasel, (Dipsacus japonicus), erect perennial herb, leaves joined at the base, terminal inflorescence with spine-tipped bracts, herbal medicine, Dipsacaceae.
Dried herb is sold as root powder.
See diagram: Dipsacus, (Kew Gardens)
A teasel was a device used for teasing woollen cloth to raise a knap.
Teasel plants had prickly stems with small white or lilac flowers in cylindrical heads between spine-tipped bracts.
When cloth was beaten with a teasel plant, the prickles or bracts caught on wool fibres to raise the knap.
A fuller was used to "full" cloth, i.e. clean cloth and thicken it by raising the knap.
Dipsacus asper and Dipsacus azureus, phenolic acids in ethanol extracts, Cantleyine, Dipsacaceae.

Fuller's teasel, (Dipsacus sativas), "teasel", stiff reflexed bracts, formerly widely grown for fulling, Dipsacaceae.

Wild teasel, (Dipsacus fullonum), shepherds' rod, small teasel, straight flexible bracts, herbal medicine, Dipsacaceae.

Dipteracanthus, (Dipteracanthus australasicus subsp. corynothecus), spreading low woody shrub, covered with a stiff down, dense clumps 30 cm in diameter, bright green clustered leaves, blue or purple or white flowers, fruit a club-shaped capsule. grows in sandy dry localities. flowering probably dependent on rains, Australia, Acanthaceae

Keruing, (Dipterocarpus alatus), gurjun, East Indian copaiba balsam, apitong, large evergreen tree, has umbrella-like crown, up to 40 m, straight bole, used for commercial timber, essential oil, oleoresin, avenue shade tree, Vietnam, the meranti family, Dipterocarpaceae

Tonka bean, (Dipteryx odorata), kumaru, Dutch tonka bean, tonquin bean, dipteryx, odorata tonka bean, tonquin bean | Coumarin | Guyana, Fabaceae

Rat's tail cactus, (Discocactus flagelliformis, Aporocactus flagelliformis), whip cactus, rattail cactus, slender and much-branched at base, lwhip=like long shoots, many crimson-pink flowers, popular ornamental pot plant for hundreds of years, dry forests. Mexico or South America, Cactaceae
Plants of the Disocactus species, used to create the epiphyllum hybrids, the "epis", or orchid cacti.

German Empress, (Disocactus phyllanthoides, Phyllocactus phyllanthoides), nopalxochitl, thick flat stems, unique nodules on the spines, pink or white flowers, green and red uits, epiphyte, may grow on rocks, ornamental houseplant, Mexico, Cactaceae

Yam, 17.0 Dioscoreaceae, the yam family

Button orchid, (Dischidia nummularia), money tree, succulent epiphyte, climbing vine, climbs up to 3 m, rounded succulent leaves like strings of buttons or coins, sweet edible fruit, not an orchid, small white tubular flowers, (first collected in 1770), used for salads and growing in hanging baskets, Australia, Apocynaceae

Native pig face, (Disphyma crassifolium, ssp clavellatum), round baby pigface, round noonflower, purple dewplant, up to 0.3 m, succulent, perennial, bright pink flowers, groundcover, fire retardant, salt-tolerant, drought-tolerant, frost-tolerant, used for erosion control, all parts edible for stir fries and salads, Australia, Aizoaceae Disphyma crassifolium, Tucker Bush

Lancewood, (Dissiliaria baloghioides), tree up to 36 m, rare plant, dioecious, tiny cream flowers, not edible, globose yellow brown splitting capsules, very hard wood used for spears and clubs, Australia, Picrodendraceae
Dissilliaria surculosa, rare plant, rainforest, globose capsules, Australia, Picrodendraceae

Broadleaf hopbush, (Dodonaea viscosa), sticky hopbush, native hop bush, wedge-leaved hop bush, shrub up to 3 m, dioecious, red capsules, dense habit so used as a hedge, flowers less than 1 cm across, no petals, native Australian folk medicine, tough durable wood, Africa, Americas, southern Asia, Australia, Sapindaceae,
Dodonaea viscosa, Southern Harvest
Dodonaea viscosa purpurea is sold commercially in Australia.
Common hopbush, (Dodonaea triquetra), large leaf hopbush, Australia, Sapindaceae
Wedge-leaved hopbush, (Dodonaea viscosa subsp. cuneata), Africa, America, Australia, Sapindaceae

Shooting star, (Dodecatheon medea), clumping perennial, hanging, dart-shaped, magenta-pink petals, North America, Primulaceae

Pink dombeya, (Dombeya burgessiae), pink wild pear, 1-2 metres, large downy leaves, bees love pink flowers, perfumed white flowers, dried flowers are used for crafts, spray-painted gold, ornamental tree, East Africa, Malvaceae
Genus Dombeya is traditionally in the family Sterculiaceae, but it is in the family Malvaceae in the APG systematics.

Pink ball, (Dombeya wallichii), African mallow, 'tropical hydrangea, Mexican rose, tropical forest tree, pendulous flower clusters, ornamental tree, East Africa, Malvaceae

Doodia aspera, Prickly rasp fern, Family Blechnaceae

Gum ammoniac, (Dorema ammoniacum), ammoniacum, Bombay sumbul, boi, herbaceous perennial, up to 2 m, stout fleshy stem covered with prickles, milky sap, feathery leaves with jagged-edged leaflets, small yellow-white flowers in umbels, oval brown wrinkled fruits, resin from stem used as a folk medicine and in perfumes, varnishes and cosmetics. Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan, Apiaceae.

Gymea lily, (Doryanthes excelsa), spear lily, giant lily, flame lily, Illawarra lily, grows from a thickened underground stem pulled deeper into the ground by the roots contracting, numerous sword-like fibrous leaves, up to 1 m in length and up to 100 mm wide, huge red trumpet-like flowers, woody capsule fruit, flattened and slightly winged seeds, Australia, Doryanthaceae
Doryanthes excelsa, Gymea lily, Daleys Fruit Trees
Giant spear lily, (Doryanthes palmeri), up to 4 m wide with long sword-like ribbed leaves formed into rosettes, native Australian food, Australia, Doryanthaceae

Abyssinian dovyalis, (Dovyalis abyssinica), shrub, evergreen, male and female, fruit, small, orange tart, used fresh, jam, propagation from seeds or cuttings, great variation in fruit flavour and quality, Ethiopia, Salicaceae

Kei apple, (Dovyalis caffra), shrub, male and female, evergreen, slow-growing, very thorny, variable, fruit, yellow tart, used fresh in jelly and sauces, propagation from seeds, air-layering, South Africa, Salicaceae
Kei apple, Daleys Fruit Trees

Ceylon gooseberry, (Dovyalis hebecarpa), kitembilla, large shrub, evergreen, fast growing, male and female, fruit, small, dark, purple, sour, poor flavour, used juice, preserves, propagation from seeds, cuttings, vigorous, prolific, Salicaceae
Hybrid Dovyalis, (Dovyalis hebecarpa X D. abyssinica), large shrub, male and female, fruit, medium yellowish-brown, subacid, used fresh, juice, jelly, evergreen, fast growing, air-layering, cuttings, plants vigorous, heavy bearing, Florida, Salicaceae

Cat's claw creeper, (Doxantha unguis-cati), yellow trumpet vine, hug me tight, Central America, ornamental tree, Bignoniaceae

Canary islands dragon tree, (Dracaena draco), dragon's blood, woody monocotyledon, heavy wood, vascular bundles in centre of stem, red sap, ('dragon's blood') issues from cut trunk, this resin used in 18th Century to varnish Italian violins, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Asparagaceae
See diagram 9.78.2 : Dracaena stem, TS.
Dracaena draco, Dragon Tree, Daley's Fruit Trees

Dracaena godseffiana, gold dust dracaena, shrubby growth, pointed oval leaves on thin stems, (houseplant), Asparagaceae

Dragon arum, (Dracunculus vulgaris), snake lily, stink lily, long spadex in spathe, smell attracts pollinating flies, Araceae

Squill, (Drimia maritima), sea onion, red squill, liver seed grass, bitter, high content of cardiac glycosides, poison, traditional medicine, heart disorders, but overdose is dangerous, rodenticide, Western Europe, Asia, Asparagaceae

Sundew, (Drosera rotundifolia), insectivorous, perennial, from root basal rosette of red, glandular-hairy leaves which exude a liquid to trap insects, leaves fold over the captured insect, occurs in bogs, 20 chromosomes | proteolytic enzymes, e.g. Chymotrypsin A | naphthoquinone derivatives | | Plumbagin | Hydroplumbagin | flavonoids, folk medicine, antispasmodic, expectorant, demulcent, Droseraceae
Dried herb sold as aerials.
See diagram : Drosera rotundifolia, sundew.
Drosera species, sundews, great sundew, natural antibiotic, herbal medicine, Droseraceae, sundew family
English sundew, (Drosera anglica), great sundew, Droseraceae

Basket Fern, (Drynaria rigidula), grows in a large clump, lower short papery brown fronds and upper green fronds, up to 2 m in length, Australia, Polypodiaceae

Yellow tulipwood, (Drypetes deplanchei), grey boxwood, up to 16 m, straight trunk is flanged at base, dense canopy, oval smooth dark green leaves, grey to brown scaly bark, separate male and female trees, small yellow-green flowers in small clusters in the leaf axils, bright red to orange oval fruit with hard shell single seed, coastal tree, used as shade tree and carving wood, Australia and Lord Howe Island, Putranjivaceae

Borneo camphor, (Dryobalanops aromatica), kapur, camphor tree, up to 45 m, resinous wood and buttresses, girth size can reach up to 1.8 m, broadly ovate green leaves, ornamental flowers, grown in parks and gardens, produces dammar gum triterpenoid resin for food, glazing, oil painting varnish, batik | Borneol | Sumatra, Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Dipterocarpaceae

Dryopteris species, Family Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiophyta Division

Mountain avens, (Dryas octopetala), 8-petalled mountain avens, evergreen shrub, arctic North Hemisphere, Rosaceae

Yellow Tulipwood, (Drypetes lasiogyna), oval red fruit, young leaves to flavour cooked meat, timber for carving, Australian native food, Euphorbiaceae

Durian, (Durio zibethinus), derian kasdu, punggai, up to 40 m, clear bole to 25, up to 2 m diameter, rough brown -red bark, fruit has strong odour, exotic taste, some say offensive smell. but is considered a delicacy, spiky protuberances on fruit up to 30 cm long and 15 cm wide, ash of fruit rind used to bleach silk, herbal medicine, wood used of light construction and decorative furniture, Indonesia, Malaysia, Malvaceae
Durio zibethinus, Durian, Daleys Fruit Trees

Pitchuri thornapple, (Duboisia hopwoodii), pituri, up to 14 metres, inland arid desert areas, light wood, thick corky bark, white bell-shaped flowers with purple stripes leaves harvested, variable chemical contents, plantation plant, tryptophan, arid areas, Australian native medicine, (Alkaloids: Nicotine, and d-nornicotine), poisonous to stock animals, screening plant, Australia, Solanaceae
Duboisia species, small trees, attractive green foliage, small white star-shaped flowers, commercially viable crop, Australia, Solanaceae

Corkwood, (Duboisia myoporoides), small tree, up to 15 m, alkaloids: | Scopolamine, C17H21NO4, Hyoscine | Hyoscamine, C17H23NO3 | grows on east coast of Australia, (Solanaceae

Butterfly heaven, (Dyschoriste depressa), long-lived herbaceous plant, spreading to upright stems, up to 60 cm, weed of riparian vegetation, wetlands, forest margins, lawns, footpaths, parks, roadsides, disturbed sites and waste areas, naturalised in south-eastern Queensland, Southern Africa, Acanthaceae

Venus fly trap, (Dionaea muscipula), tipitiwitcher, insectivorous, "fun plant" not houseplant, modified hinged leaveswith large hairs on edges to form trap, North America, Droseraceae

Dioscorea species, Dioscoreaceae

Black plum, (Diospyros australis), 4 to 10 m, leaves dark green on the upper surface and yellow below, small yellow flowers, shiny black berries, Australian native food, Ebenaceae
See diagram (Diospyros australis).

Kakalche (Maya name), (Diospyros anisandra) | Plumbagin | Ebenaceae

Black plum, (Diospyros australis), yellow persimmon, up to 10 m, edible berries, Australian native food called burrpurr, Australia, Ebenaceae

Velvet apple, (Diospyros blancoi), mabolo, medium tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit, covered with reddish-brown hairs, used fresh, propagation from seeds grafting, unusual fruit and foliage, attractive plant, Philippines, Ebenaceae
Velvet Apple, Diospyros discolor, Daley's Fruit Trees.

Black sapote, (Diospyros digyna), chocolate pudding fruit, medium to large tree, evergreen, fast growing, fruit, large, dark green to black sweet, used fresh, in desserts, propagation from seeds, grafting, Mexico, Ebenaceae
Black Sapote, Diospyros digyna, Daley's Fruit Trees.

Velvet apple, (Diospyros discolor), mabolo, velvet persimmon, butter fruit tree, Philippines, tropical forest tree, endosperm cells show plasmodesmata passing through thick cell walls, Ebenaceae
Ebony, (Diospyros ebenum), Indian ebony, Ceylon ebony, Macassar ebony, (Andaman marble, timber of same family), Ebenaceae
Black sapote, (Diospyros ebenaster), central America, Ebenaceae
Queensland ebony, (Diospyros geminata), native ebony, up to 12 m, slender trunk, dense crown, dark grey bark, Australia, Papua New Guinea, Ebenaceae
Queensland ebony, (Diospyros humilis), native ebony, small tree, stiff glossy leaves, oval orange fruit, used for woodturning, Ebenaceae
Oriental Persimmon, (Diospyros kaki), Chinese persimmon, Japanese persimmon, ("Sharon fruit), (the most widely cultivated persimmon), small tree, fruit, large, yellow-orange, sweet, seedless, used fresh, propagation from grafting, Ebenaceae
Persimmon 'Fuyu', Diospyros kaki, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Persimmon 'Hachiya', Diospyros kaki, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Date plum, (Diospyros lotus), Date-plum, Caucasian persimmon, fresh fruit, China, Ebenaceae
American persimmon, (Diospyros virginiana), common persimmon, medium tree, fruit, small to medium, orange, sweet, used fresh, deciduous, propagation from seeds, grafting, good rootstock for Japanese Persimmon, North America, Ebenaceae

Diplacus, bush monkey flower, Scrophulariaceae

Diplarrhena moraea, poisonous to stock, weed, Iridaceae

Lady fern, (Diplazium dilatatum), large hardy tree fern, up to 60 cm, indusium on both sides of the veins, Asia, Australia, Athyriaceae

Diploglottis species are sometimes called "tamarinds" in Australia, but have no relation to the true tamarind, Tamarindus indica.
[Diplo - two or double, glottis - throat (referring to the flowers)]
Most of the native tamarinds have large, hairy leaves which are most attractive, especially when in new growth.
Native tamarind, (Diploglottis australis), up to 35 m, large sausage shaped leaflets, used as street tree in Australia, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
It occurs in the Australian rainforest.
The plant has a crown of very large, pinnate leaves sometimes reaching 60 cm long.
The yellow fruit has three rounded lobes each about 1 to 2 cm broad and contains a single seed enclosed in an orange, juicy, jelly-like pulp.
This is very acid, but pleasant and refreshing.
A good drink can be made by boiling the fruits with sugar and water.
They can also be made into jam.

Bernie's tamarind, (Diploglottis berniana), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Occurs in wet tropical rainforest below 600m, common between Innisfail and Cooktown in NE Queensland. It has the largest leaves of all the Diploglottis, up to 1.7m long.
A single trunked tree while young, it branches after a considerable time and grows to 25 m in forest.
Large crops of hairy, brownish-orange fruits with an orange aril.
Trees are intolerant of strong wind, low humidity and exposed conditions, but are doing well under cultivation in full sun at Cairns.
Boonjee Tamarind, (Diploglottis bracteata), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Occurs in dense, tropical rainforest below.
Upright, bushy, fast growing tree to 30 m.
Leaves are large and grey-green in colour.
Fruit very large orange fruit up to 10 cm across, usually in three segments.
Fast- growing species when grown in moist soils and in full sun to part shade.

Small-leaved tamarind, (Diploglottis campbellii), now rare in the wild. but is plentiful from nurseries, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Diploglottis campbellii, Daley's Fruit Trees.
Occurs between north NSW) and south Queensland, but rare in the wild.
Is considered rare and endangered and purchases of this plant should be from suppliers having a certificate.
Forest tree to 25 m, but trees in full sun grow to around a third of this height.
The trunk is fluted and attractive, trees develop a dense canopy down to ground level.
The leaves are the smallest of all the Tamarinds.
Fruit colour may vary from deep red to orange or yellow.
Large fruit, usually 3-celled up to 75mm across, splitting open whilst on the tree.
Diploglottis campbellii is much superior to D. australis.
The fruit is a capsule, usually three-lobed.
Each lobe is 4 cm in diameter, smooth, hard, and enclosing a single round seed.
The pulp, a pleasantly acid, juicy red aril, encloses the single seed.

Native tamarind, (Diploglottis cunninghamii (syn. australis), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Distribution: occurs between the Illawarra region in Southern NSW to the Mackay/Eungella area in Queensland Reports indicate that it occurs around the Proserpine area although this could be D. obovata.Wild tamarind, (Diploglottis diphyllostegia, northern tamarind, yellow-orange flowers, fruit envelopedby the aril, commonly cultivated attractive tree, edible yellow fruits with orange arils, Australia, Sapindaceae
It is found in lowland and highland rainforest where there is fertile soil.

Wild tamarind, (Diploglottis diphyllostegia, northern tamarind, yellow-orange flowers, fruit envelopedby the aril, commonly cultivated attractive tree, edible yellow fruits with orange arils, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Fruit is a two or three-celled, hairy, orange to yellow small fruit, on large spikes, with an orange aril covering the seed.
The flesh is very acid and eaten by birds.
Large trees produce huge amounts of fruit, littering the ground below.
It can be fast growing if given plenty of water, light and mulch, in full sun.
Yellow-orange flowers, fruit envelopedby the aril, commonly cultivated attractive tree, edible yellow fruits with orange arils
It occurs from Cape York to central Qld in all rainforest types, most often in dry rainforest, Cairns and the Tablelands in NE Queensland.
It is a fairly squat, bushy tree, up to 12 m.
It has large, furry leaves and decorative white flowers.
Fruit the colour varies from orange to yellow and fruit, produced in abundance, often bending the branches over.
It is a fast-growing tree suited to a wide range of conditions, as long as moisture is provided in dry times.

Cape York Tamarind, (Diploglottis macrantha), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
It occurs in the central ranges of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, where there is a more seasonal rainforest with a marked monsoonal period.
It is a small tree with large, furry leaves, being attractive in new growt It can be multiple trunked, especially if burnt
Fruiting may occur at 2.5 m high.
The 2 cm wide orange fruit is similar in size to that of D. cunninghamii.
It grows slowly well in the sub-tropics, in a sunny position out of reach of frost.

Dryander tamarind, (Diploglottis obovate), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
It occurs east of Proserpine, Quenslandin, in gallery forest close to the coast.
It is an attractive bushy tree, up to 10 m in cultivation.
The small, green fruit is similar to D. diphyllostegia with a yellow aril.
It is a fast-growing tree with attractive leaves.

Palmerston tamarind, (Diploglottis sp.) Palmerston Gorge, Australian native food, Sapindaceae
It occurs in Palmerston Gorge area, west of Innisfail, Queenslandld, in luxuriant lowland and foothill tropical rainforests, which is often misty and very wet.
It is a dense tree to 20 m, with large leaves, up to 1 m long, and more leaflets than any other tamarind, up to 30 per leaf.
Bright red new growth and fruit is attractivet.
The large, orange fruit has a yellowish or white aril, with high, yield, similar to D. bracteata.
It can be grown in full sun to part shade, in moist, humus-rich soils.
Fast growing, producing a solid, single trunk branching sparingly while young.

Pedlet's tamarind, (Diploglottis pedleyi), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
An under storey tree in tropical rainforest, up to 22m, yellow-pink minutely hairy fruit , Australia, Sapindaceae
It is restricted to the area west of Innisfail in the North Johnstone River catchment, Queensland, in very wet, dense rainforest at low altitudes.
It is an understory tree, often very slender and leaning at an angle, a bare stem with a tuff of growth on top.
Trees often multi-trunked and grows up to 8 m.
Fruit are large three-celled capsules, up to 10 cm across, with a fluro-orange aril, which is very acidic, and are conspicuous on the forest floor.
It grows to 5 m in cultivation, adapts well to lower rainfall areas with high moisture levels, and grows better in the shade.
It is a very ornamental feature plantt.

Smith's tamarind, (Diploglottis smithii), Australian native food, Sapindaceae
Occurs s between Innisfail and Cooktown in Queensland, at elevations below 450 m, in wet to very wet tropical rainforest.
It produces large, grey-green to lime new growth, grows straight up for some years before branching, eventually forming a bushy crown, grows up to 20 m in the forest.
It produces copious quantities of large fruit with an orange aril, very acidic and just edible fresh.
It is a superb garden plant, if away from the house so as to avoid the mass fruiting.
It grows very fast in moist soils, tolerates light frost, but grows best in full sun with protection from dry winds.

Diplotaxis tenuifolia, wild rocket, wall rocket, Brassicaceae

Dipodium foliata, large orchid with huge inflorescence, Orchidaceae

Keruing, (Dipterocarpus alatus), gurjun, East Indian copaiba balsam,
Wedge-leaved hop bush, Dodonaea viscosa subsp.cuneata, Sapindaceae, Africa, America, Australia,
apitong, large evergreen tree, has umbrella-like crown, up to 40 M, straight bole, used for commercial timber, essential oil, oleoresin, avenue shade tree,Vietnam, Dipterocarpaceae

Tonka bean, (Dipteryx odorata), kumaru, Dutch tonka bean, tonquin bean, dipteryx, odorata tonka bean, tonquin bean
| Coumarin | Guyana, Fabaceae

Disocactus ackermannii, epiphyte, ornamental, Cactaceae
Discocactus flagelliformis, (Aporocactus flagelliformis), rattail cactus, ornamental pot plant, Cactaceae
Disocactus phyllanthoides, (Phyllocactus phyllanthoides), nopalxochitl, German empress, epiphyte, may grow on rocks, in cloud forest, ornamental houseplant, Mexico, Cactaceae
Disocactus speciosus, used to create the epiphyllum hybrids, "epis", or orchid cacti, Cactaceae

Dioscorea alata, Yam project, Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea villosa, wild yam, herbal medicine, root saponins for different disorders. but no evidence for anti-cancer function, North America, Dioscoreaceae

Dissiliaria baloghioides, tree up to 36 m, rare plant, dioecious, tiny cream flowers, globose capsules, wood used for spears and clubs Australia, Picrodendraceae

Sticky hop busgh, (Dodonaea viscosa), wedge-leaved hop bush, shrub up to 3 m, dioecious, red capsules, dense habit so used as a hedge, flowers less than 1 cm acress, no petals, native Australian folk medicine, tough durable woodSapindaceae, Africa, Americas, southern Asia, Australia,
Dodonaea viscosa purpurea sold commercially in Australia.

Shooting star, (Dodecatheon medea), clumping perennial, hanging, dart-shaped, magenta-pink petals, North America, Primulaceae

Hyacinth bean, (Dolichos lablab), lablab bean, Indian bean, horse gram, herbal medicine, Fabaceae

Pink dombeya, (Dombeya burgessiae), pink wild pear, 1-2 metres, large downy leaves, bees love pink flowers, perfumed white flowers, dried flowers are used for crafts, spray-painted gold, ornamental tree, East Africa, Malvaceae
Pink ball, (Dombeya wallichii), African mallow, 'tropical hydrangea, Mexican rose, tropical forest tree, pendulous flower clusters, ornamental tree, East Africa, Malvaceae
Genus Dombeya is traditionally in the family Sterculiaceae, but it is in the family Malvaceae in the APG systematics.

Prickly rasp fern, (Doodia aspera), rough ruby, native Australian species, groundcover, tender, clump-forming, evergreen, pinnate, erect to arching, dark green fronds, reddish-pink to maroon when young, fronds are divided into broadly linear, toothed, rough segments, Blechnaceae, Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands.
Doodia australis, Common rasp fern, Australia,

Dorema ammoniacum, gum ammoniac, ammonlac, Bombay sumbul, boi, gum resin from stem, Persia, Apiaceae

Spear lily, (Doryanthes excelsa), giant lily, flame lily, Illawarra lily, Gymea lily, grows from a thickened underground stem pulled deeper into the ground by the roots contracting, numerous sword-like fibrous leaves, up to 1 m in length and up to 100 mm wide, hugr red, trumpet-like flowers, woody capsule fruit, flattened and slightly winged seeds, Australia, Doryanthaceae
Giant spear lily, (Doryanthes palmeri), up to 4 m wide with long swoer-like ribbed leaves frmed into rosettes, native Australian food, Australia, Doryanthaceae

Abyssinian dovyalis, (Dovyalis abyssinica), medium shrub, evergreen, male and female, fruit, small, orange tart, used fresh, jam, propagation from seeds, cuttings C great variation in fruit flavour and quality, Ethiopia, Salicaceae

Kei apple, (Dovyalis caffra), shrub, male and female, evergreen, slow-growing, very thorny, variable, fruit, yellow tart, used fresh, in jelly, preserves,sauces, propagation from seeds, air-layering, South Africa, Salicaceae
Kei apple, Daley's Fruit Trees.

Kitembilla, (Dovyalis hebecarpa), large shrub, evergreen, fast growing, male and female, fruit, small, dark, purple, sour, poor flavour, used juice, preserves, propagation from seeds, cuttings, vigorous, prolific, Salicaceae
Dovyalis hebecarpa X D. abyssinica, Hybrid Dovyalis, large shrub, male and female, fruit, medium yellowish-brown, subacid, used fresh, juice, jelly, evergreen, fast growing, air-layering, cuttings, plants vigorous, heavy bearing, Florida, Salicaceae

Cat's claw creeper, (Doxantha unguis-cati), yellow trumpet vine, hug me tight, Central America, ornamental tree, Bignoniaceae

Canary islands dragon tree, (Dracaena draco), dragon's blood, woody monocotyledon, heavy wood, vascular bundles in centre of stem, red sap, ('dragon's blood') issues from cut trunk, this resin used in 18th Century to varnish Italian violins, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Asparagaceae
See diagram 9.78.2: Dracaena stem, TS.
Dracaena draco, Dragon Tree, Daley's Fruit Trees

Dracaena deremensis, stalkless sword-shaped leaves, (houseplant), Asparagaceae

Dracaena godseffiana, gold dust dracaena, shrubby growth, pointed oval leaves on thn stems, (houseplant), Asparagaceae

Dracunculus vulgaris, Dragon arum, snake lily, stink lily, long spadex in spathe, smell attracts pollinating flies, Araceae

Drimia maritima, (Urginea maratima), squill, sea onion, red squill, liver seed grass, bitter, high content of cardiac glycosides, poison, traditional medicine, heart disorders, but overdose is dangerous, rodenticide, Western Europe, Asia, Asparagaceae

English sundew, (Drosera anglica), great sundew, Droseraceae
Drosera species, sundews, great sundew, natural antibiotic, herbal medicine, Droseraceae, sundew family<
Sundew, (Drosera rotundifolia), insectivorous, perennial, from root basal rosette of red, glandular-hairy leaves which exude a liquid to trap insects, leaves fold over the captured insect, occurs in bogs, 20 chromosomes | proteolytic enzymes | naphthoquinone derivatives | | Plumbagin | Hydroplumbagin | flavonoids, folk medicine, antispasmodic, expectorant, demulcent, Droseraceae, dried herb sold as aerials.
See diagram: Drosera rotundifolia, sundew.


Basket Fern, (Drynaria rigidula, Aglomorpha), grows in a large clump, lower short papery brown fronds and upper green fronds, up to 2 m in length, Australia, Polypodiaceae

Yellow tulipwood, (Drypetes deplanchei, D lasiogyna), up to 16 m, small green flowers, oval orange-red fruits, Australia and Lord Howe Island, Putranjivaceae

Kapur, (Dryobalanops aromatica), Borneo camphor, produces dammar gum triterpenoid resin for food, glazing, oil painting varnish, batik | Borneol | East Asia, Dipterocarpaceae

Dryas octopetala, 8-petalled mountain avens, evergreen shrub, arctic North Hemisphere, Rosaceae

Grey bark, (Drypetes deplanchei, D. lasiogyna). oval red fruit, young leaves to flavour cooked meat, timber for carving, Australian Native food, Euphorbiaceae

Durian, (Durio zibethinus), derian kasdu, punggai, up to 40 m, clear bole to 25, up to 2 m diameter, rough brown -red bark, fruit has strong odour, exotic taste, some say offensive smell. but is considered a delicacy, spiky protuberances on fruit up to 30 cm long and 15 cm wide, ash of fruit rind used to bleach silk, herbal medicine, wood used of light construction and decorative furniture, Indonesia, Malaysia, Malvaceae

Pituri, (Duboisea hopwoodii), thornapple, shrub, desert areas, tryptophan | Nicotine, | Nornicotine,, used by Native Australians for fish stunning | Australian native food, Solanaceae

Butterfly heaven, (Dyschoriste depressa), long-lived herbaceous plant, spreading to upright stems, up to 60 cm, weed of riparian vegetation, wetlands, forest margins, lawns, footpaths, parks, roadsides, disturbed sites and waste areas, naturalised in south-eastern Queensland, Southern Africa, Acanthaceae

Rosewood, (Dysoxylum fraserianum), rose mahogany, up to 40 m, stem > 1m diameter, light-brown scaly bark, timber formerly used in general house framing, Australia, Meliaceae

Ivory mahogany, (Dysoxylum gauduchaudianum), up to 36 m, timber, local medicines, Pacific Islands, Philippines, Australia, Meliaceae

Miva mahogany, (Dysoxylum mollisimum subsp. molle), red bean onionwood, up to 30 m, stem up to 1m diameter, bark shed in chips with onion-like odour, was used in furniture and joinery, Australia, Meliaceae

Hairy rosewood, (Dysoxylum rufum), up to 20 m, hairy branchlets and terminal bud, in sub-tropical and dry rainforest, white flowers, yellow/brown fruit, shade tree for large gardens and parks, flowers pleasantly perfumed when young but odour becomes offensive with age, not edible, cut timber smells like onions, Australia, Meliaceae
Dysoxylum rufum, Daleys Fruit Trees

Epazote, (Dysphania ambrosioides), wormseed, wormseed oil, Jesuit's tea, Mexican tea, Tu Jing Jie, American wormseed, Californian spearmint, herb sancti mariae, worm seed, worm grass, goosefoot, Baltimore oil, annual or short-lived perennial, up to one metre, aromatic glandular hairs, culinary uses, chicken, mushrooms, Mexican dishes, a small leaf sprig added to beans when cooking said to render beans gas free, pungent | Ascaridole | Terpenes | former medicine, herbal tea, but contains potentially toxic saponins and oxalic acid, strong leaves infusion used as spray for cockroaches, was used by native people to stupefy or kill fish, worm seed, worm grass, goosefoot, acrid bitter fragrant, essential oil in the seed and flowering plant is highly toxic. Dominica, Trinidad, Guadaloupe. South America, Amaranthaceae

Jerusalem oak goosefoot, (Dysphania botrys), sticky goosefoot | Sinensetin | Amaranthaceae
Epazote, Mudbrick Herb Cottage.

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